Down-regulation of the LXR transcriptome provides the requisite cholesterol levels to proliferating hepatocytes

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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Heteroarylthioalkanoic Acid Analogues of Clofibric Acid as Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor alpha Agonists

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Dakwah Dalam Membangun Etika Kerukunan Hidup Umat Beragama

Indonesia is multi-ethnics, culture and religions,require normative values to regulate social relations.Normative values on religion, social values and moresthat have been prevailing in the community, is thebasis for building a culture of inter-religious relations.Pancasila and the 1945‟s Constitution is a collectiveagreement in regulating the society and the state.National unity took place in the community where thevalues of religion has lived and practiced. Religiousdiversity has become a reality of history and they havebeen living side by side. Today, Da‟wah activities inbuilding awareness in the practice of religion amongthe other religious communities, is needed. Therefore,the practice of the “inclusive religion” should beapplied

The Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 (Irs1) in Intestinal Epithelial Differentiation and in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with lifestyle factors that affect insulin/IGF signaling, of which the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is a key transducer. We investigated expression, localization and pathologic correlations of IRS1 in cancer-uninvolved colonic epithelium, primary CRCs with paired liver metastases and in vitro polarizing Caco2 and HT29 cells. IRS1 mRNA and protein resulted higher, relative to paired mucosa, in adenomas of familial adenomatous polyposis patients and in CRCs that overexpressed c-MYC, ß-catenin, InsRß, and IGF1R. Analysis of IRS1 immunostaining in 24 cases of primary CRC with paired colonic epithelium and hepatic metastasis showed that staining intensity was significantly higher in metastases relative to both primary CRC (P<0.01) and colonic epithelium (P<0.01). Primary and metastatic CRCs, compared to colonic epithelium, contained significantly higher numbers of IRS1-positive cells (P = 0.013 and P = 0.014, respectively). Pathologic correlations in 163 primary CRCs revealed that diffuse IRS1 staining was associated with tumors combining differentiated phenotype and aggressive markers (high Ki67, p53, and ß-catenin). In Caco 2 IRS1 and InsR were maximally expressed after polarization, while IGF1R was highest in pre-polarized cells. No nuclear IRS1 was detected, while, with polarization, phosphorylated IRS1 (pIRS1) shifted from the lateral to the apical plasma membrane and was expressed in surface cells only. In HT29, that carry mutations constitutively activating survival signaling, IRS1 and IGF1R decreased with polarization, while pIRS1 localized in nuclear spots throughout the course. Overall, these data provide evidence that IRS1 is modulated according to CRC differentiation, and support a role of IRS1 in CRC progression and liver metastatization

PGC-1 alpha induced browning promotes involution and inhibits lactation in mammary glands

International audienceThe PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. Recent studies have highlighted a fundamental role of PGC-1α in promoting breast cancer progression and metastasis, but the physiological role of this coactivator in the development of mammary glands is still unknown. First, we show that PGC-1α is highly expressed during puberty and involution, but nearly disappeared in pregnancy and lactation. Then, taking advantage of a newly generated transgenic mouse model with a stable and specific overexpression of PGC-1α in mammary glands, we demonstrate that the re-expression of this coactivator during the lactation stage leads to a precocious regression of the mammary glands. Thus, we propose that PGC-1α action is non-essential during pregnancy and lactation, whereas it is indispensable during involution. The rapid preadipocyte-adipocyte transition, together with an increased rate of apoptosis promotes a premature mammary glands involution that cause lactation defects and pup growth retardation. Overall, we provide new insights in the comprehension of female reproductive cycles and lactation deficiency, thus opening new roads for mothers that cannot breastfeed

PGC-1β promotes enterocyte lifespan and tumorigenesis in the intestine

The mucosa of the small intestine is renewed completely every 3–5 d throughout the entire lifetime by small populations of adult stem cells that are believed to reside in the bottom of the crypts and to migrate and differentiate into all the different populations of intestinal cells. When the cells reach the apex of the villi and are fully differentiated, they undergo cell death and are shed into the lumen. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is proportional to the electron transfer activity of the mitochondrial respiration chain. ROS homeostasis is maintained to control cell death and is finely tuned by an inducible antioxidant program. Here we show that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1β (PGC-1β) is highly expressed in the intestinal epithelium and possesses dual activity, stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis and oxygen consumption while inducing antioxidant enzymes. To study the role of PGC-1β gain and loss of function in the gut, we generated both intestinal-specific PGC-1β transgenic and PGC-1β knockout mice. Mice overexpressing PGC-1β present a peculiar intestinal morphology with very long villi resulting from increased enterocyte lifespan and also demonstrate greater tumor susceptibility, with increased tumor number and size when exposed to carcinogens. PGC-1β knockout mice are protected from carcinogenesis. We show that PGC-1β triggers mitochondrial respiration while protecting enterocytes from ROS-driven macromolecule damage and consequent apoptosis in both normal and dysplastic mucosa. Therefore, PGC-1β in the gut acts as an adaptive self-point regulator, capable of providing a balance between enhanced mitochondrial activity and protection from increased ROS production

High-risk human papilloma virus infection, tumor pathophenotypes, and BRCA1/2 and TP53 status in juvenile breast cancer

Juvenile breast cancer is rare and poorly known. We studied a series of five breast cancer patients diagnosed within 25 years of age that included two adolescents, 12- and 15-years-old, and 3 young women, 21-, 21-, and 25-years-old, respectively. All cases were scanned for germline mutations along the entire BRCA1/2 coding sequences and TP53 exons 4-10, using protein truncation test, denaturing high performance liquid chromatography and direct sequencing. Paraffin-embedded primary tumors (available for 4/5 cases), and a distant metastasis (from the 15-years-old) were characterized for histological and molecular tumor subtype, human papilloma virus (HPV) types 16/18 E6 sequences and tumor-associated mutations in TP53 exons 5-8. A BRCA2 germline mutation (p.Ile2490Thr), previously reported in breast cancer and, as compound heterozygote, in Fanconi anemia, was identified in the 21-year-old patient diagnosed after pregnancy, negative for cancer family history. The tumor was not available for study. Only germline polymorphisms in BRCA1/2 and/or TP53 were detected in the other cases. The tumors of the 15- and 12-years-old were, respectively, classified as glycogen-rich carcinoma with triple negative subtype and as secretory carcinoma with basal subtype. The tumors of the 25-year-old and of the other 21-year-old were, respectively, diagnosed as infiltrating ductal carcinoma with luminal A subtype and as lobular carcinoma with luminal B subtype. No somatic TP53 mutations were found, but tumor-associated HPV 16 E6 sequences were retrieved from the 12- and 25-year-old, while both HPV 16 and HPV 18 E6 sequences were found in the tumor of the 15-year-old and in its associated metastasis. Blood from the 15- and 25-year-old, diagnosed with high-stage disease, resulted positive for HPV 16 E6. All the HPV-positive cases were homozygous for arginine at TP53 codon 72, a genotype associated with HPV-related cancer risk, and the tumors showed p16(INK4A) immunostaining, a marker of HPV-associated cancers. Notably menarche at 11 years was reported for the two adolescents, while the 25-year-old was diagnosed after pregnancy and breast-feeding. Our data suggest that high-risk HPV infection is involved in a subset of histopathologically heterogeneous juvenile breast carcinomas associated with menarche or pregnancy and breast-feeding. Furthermore we implicate BRCA2 in a juvenile breast carcinoma diagnosed at 21 years of age, 4 years after an early full-term pregnancy, in absence of cancer family history.Fil: Aceto, Gitana Maria. University of G. D'annunzio Chieti And Pescara; ItaliaFil: Solano, Angela Rosario. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Neuman, Maria Isabel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Veschi, Serena. University of G. D'annunzio Chieti And Pescara; ItaliaFil: Morgano, Annalisa. University of G. D'annunzio Chieti And Pescara; ItaliaFil: Malatesta, Sara. University of G. D'annunzio Chieti And Pescara; ItaliaFil: Chacon, Reinaldo Daniel. Instituto Alexander Fleming; ArgentinaFil: Pupareli, Carmen. Instituto Alexander Fleming; ArgentinaFil: Lombardi, Mercedes. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; ArgentinaFil: Battista, Pasquale. University of G. D'annunzio Chieti And Pescara; ItaliaFil: Marchetti, Antonio. University of G. D'annunzio Chieti And Pescara; ItaliaFil: Mariani Costantini, Renato. University of G. D'annunzio Chieti And Pescara; ItaliaFil: Podesta, Ernesto Jorge. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Additional file 9: Figure S8. of TRIM8 restores p53 tumour suppressor function by blunting N-MYC activity in chemo-resistant tumours

(a, b) Expression levels of miR-17-5p and miR-106b-5p were measured by RT-qPCR in HCT116 cells, transfected with Negative Control miRNA Mimic, anti-miR-17-5p or anti-miR-106b-5p, and treated for 24 h with Nutlin-3 (N) (10 μM), Cisplatin (C) (7.5 μM), Sorafenib (S) (10 μM), Axitinib (A) (10 μM) or drug-untreated cells (-). Relative expression ratios were measured respect to the sample transfected with the Negative Control miRNA Mimic and normalized by the expression level of U6 snRNA. (c-e) Expression levels of TRIM8, p21, miR-34a and miR-17-5p were measured by RT-qPCR in the RCC-Shaw cells transfected with Negative Control miRNA Mimic or anti-miR-17-5p plus control short hairpin-RNA (control shRNA) or specific short hairpin against TRIM8 (shRNA-TRIM8). After transfection the cells were treated for 24 h with Nutlin-3 (N) (10 μM), Cisplatin (C) (7.5 μM), Sorafenib (S) (10 μM), Axitinib (A) (10 μM) or drug-untreated cells (-). Relative expression ratios were measured respect to the sample transfected with the Negative Control miRNA Mimic and normalized by the expression levels of RPL13 for TRIM8 and p21, and by the expression level of U6 snRNA for miR-34a and miR-17-5p. * p-value < 0.05; ** p-value < 0.005; *** p-value < 0.001 (f) Colony suppression assay. Cell growth were measured in HCT116 cells transfected with Negative Control miRNA Mimic, anti-miR-17-5p or anti-miR-106b-5p, and treated for 24 h with Nutlin-3 (N) (10 μM), Cisplatin (C) (7.5 μM), Sorafenib (S) (10 μM), Axitinib (A) (10 μM) or drug-untreated cells (-). (PDF 531 kb

Subcellular localizations of IRS1, p-IRS1 and ß-catenin during Caco-2 polarization.

<p>Apotome immunofluorescence analysis at days 3, 7, and 14 postconfluency demonstrates differences in the cellular distribution of total IRS1 (IRS1, green), tyrosine 632-phosphorylated IRS1 (pIRS1, green), and ß-catenin (red) during the Caco-2 culture time course. For each field, the nuclei are counterstained in blue with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Overlaps between red and green signals (merge) point to co-localizations (in yellow) of IRS1/pIRS1 and ß-catenin. Bar = 20 µm.</p