Diagnóstico del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes

Objetivo: establecer el diagnóstico del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en los  adolescentes escolarizados de  San José de Cúcuta y el área metropolitana. Materiales y Métodos: se aplicó una metodología que corresponde al paradigma cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo. La muestra del estudio estuvo conformada por 343 alumnos de grados Décimo y Undécimo de colegios oficiales del área Metropolitana de Cúcuta. El instrumento empleado en la recolección de información fue la encuesta “ZERO SPA Resultados: los problemas emocionales no es un motivo de consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas (SPA) representado por un 87.1%, el rango de edad en el cual se inicia el consumo es a los 10 a 15 años de edad con un 49%. Las sustancias psicoactivas más consumidas son cafeína, el alcohol y el cigarrillo  y en menor proporción consumen hongos, marihuana, cocaína, bóxer, éxtasis y gasolina. Conclusiones:  el comportamiento actual de los adolescentes gira en torno a tres grandes variables como son la sexualidad, la violencia y las sustancias psicoactivas. Las relaciones interpersonales del adolescente y conocimiento sobre el consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas (SPA) dan la pauta y decisión frente al consumo de estas.Palabras clave: Morbilidad, abuso de sustancias, factores protectores. Diagnosis of psychoactive substance use in adolescents Abstract Objective: To establish the diagnosis of psychoactive substance use among adolescent students of San Jose de Cucuta and the metropolitan area. Materials and Methods: We applied a methodology that corresponds to the quantitative paradigm a descriptive, retrospective. The study sample consisted of 343 students in tenth and eleventh grades of public schools in Cucuta Metropolitan area. The instrument used in collecting the survey information was “ZERO SPA”. Results: emotional problems is not a cause for psychoactive substance use (SPA) represented by 87.1%, the age range in which the consumer is starting to 10 to 15 years old with 49%. The most consumed psychoactive substances are caffeine, alcohol and smoking and fungi consume lesser extent, marijuana, cocaine, glue, ecstasy and gasoline. Conclusions: The current behavior of adolescents revolves around three main variables such as sexuality, violence and psychoactive substances. The adolescent relationships and knowledge of the use of psychoactive substances (SPA) set the tone and choice over consumption of these.Key words: Morbidity, substance abuse, protective factors Incidência do fundo de funcionamento familiar, uso de substâncias psicoativas e doença mental em comparação com tentativa de suicídio Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a história de funcionalidade familiar, uso de substâncias psicoativas e doença mental versus tentativa de suicídio em adolescentes. Materiais e Métodos: natureza quantitativa de uma retrospectiva analítica casocontrole, com uma população de 20 pessoas em cada grupo (13 mulheres e 7 homens). Para a realização da coleta de dados, foram utilizados três instrumentos de teste Goldberg, FF-SIL e abuso de substâncias. Resultados: Foram encontradas estatisticamente significativa após a aplicação do t de Student, os resultados de cada item é avaliado em uma escala de Likert: acabar com a demora coloque a soma dos pontos correspondentes ao nível de categorias de funcionamento familiar agrupados da seguinte maneira: 50 a 57 pontos corresponde à família funcional, 56-43 pontos é moderadamente família funcional, de 42 para 28 pontos é a família disfuncional e de 2 a 28 pontos é o agrupamento familiar severamente disfuncional entre o funcionamento familiar e doenças mentais tentativa de suicídio em comparação com principalmente em mulheres entre as idades de 19-22 anos. Conclusões: O comportamento suicida em famílias com o grau de disfunção familiar e doença mental, porque em domicílios dominado as preocupações e harmonia falta. Consumo de substâncias psicoativas não é incidente à tentativa de suicídio.Palavras-chave: Risco, auto-mutilação, psicopatologia, disfuncional

Afrontamiento frente a la enfermedad en pacientes oncológicos

Con el  objetivo de determinar  cuáles son las estrategias de afrontamiento frente al diagnóstico en pacientes oncológicos del programa de cuidado en casa, se realizó un  estudio de tipo fenomenológico con abordaje cualitativo. La población  estuvo conformada por los pacientes oncológicos inscritos al Programa de Cuidado en Casa  o que han recibido atención de la IPS UNIMEDICA de Villa Del Rosario. Se realizó un muestreo de tipo no probabilístico intencional; en el estudio participaron tres pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer con un periodo de conocimiento de la patología  mayor a seis meses. La entrevista a profundidad, las notas de campo y la observación fueron los métodos de recolección de información, además se utilizó la grabadora de voz para facilitar la transcripción y respectivo análisis de cada una de las entrevistas. Los resultados arrojados por la  investigación  evidencian  tres fases  de afrontamiento (Fase de prediagnóstico, diagnóstico y postdiagnóstico) por las que atraviesa el paciente con diagnóstico de cáncer.  Se puede concluir que las personas en su vida cotidiana generalmente no acostumbran a tener conductas de prevención hasta que perciben amenazas para su salud, también se evidenció que después de pasar por la incertidumbre acerca de un posible diagnóstico, las personas desarrollan mecanismos de defensa en cuanto al diagnóstico positivo, las cuales generan conductas adaptativas al proceso de enfermedad, mientras que otras suelen aislarse y esconderse del problema logrando con esto un mayor estado de estrés y depresión por la situación en que se encuentra.Palabras clave: Cáncer, prediagnóstico, diagnóstico, postdiagnósticoAbstractWith the aim of determining which are the strategies of facing against the diagnosis in oncológicos patients of the taken care of program of in house, I am realised a study of fenomenológico type with qualitative boarding. The population was shaped by the oncological patients inscribed to the Program of Care in House or that have received attention of the IPS UNIMEDICA of Villa Del Rosario. A sampling of intentional nonprobabilistic type was realised; in the study three patients with diagnosis of cancer with a period of knowledge of the pathology greater participated to six months. The interview to depth, the notes of field and the observation were the methods of information harvesting, in addition the voice engraver was used to facilitate the transcription and respective analysis of each one of the interviews. The results thrown by the investigation demonstrate the three phases of facing (Phase of prediagnosis, diagnosis and postdiagnosis) by which crosses the patient with cancer diagnosis. It is possible to be concluded that the people in their daily life are not generally used to having prevention conducts until they perceive threats for his health, also I demonstrate that after passing through the uncertainty about a possible diagnosis, the people they develop mechanisms of defense as far as the positive diagnosis, which generate adaptive conducts to the disease process, whereas others usually isolate and hide-and-seek of the problem obtaining with this a major been of stress and depression by the situation in which it is.Keywords: Cancer, prediagnosis, diagnosis, postdiagnosi

Afrontamiento frente a la enfermedad en pacientes oncológicos

With the aim of determining which are the strategies of facing against the diagnosis in oncológicos patients of the taken care of program of in house, I am realised a study of fenomenológico type with qualitative boarding. The population was shaped by the oncological patients inscribed to the Program of Care in House or that have received attention of the IPS UNIMEDICA of Villa Del Rosario. A sampling of intentional nonprobabilistic type was realised; in the study three patients with diagnosis of cancer with a period of knowledge of the pathology greater participated to six months. The interview to depth, the notes of field and the observation were the methods of information harvesting, in addition the voice engraver was used to facilitate the transcription and respective analysis of each one of the interviews. The results thrown by the investigation demonstrate the three phases of facing (Phase of prediagnosis, diagnosis and postdiagnosis) by which crosses the patient with cancer diagnosis. It is possible to be concluded that the people in their daily life are not generally used to having prevention conducts until they perceive threats for his health, also I demonstrate that after passing through the uncertainty about a possible diagnosis, the people they develop mechanisms of defense as far as the positive diagnosis, which generate adaptive conducts to the disease process, whereas others usually isolate and hide-and-seek of the problem obtaining with this a major been of stress and depression by the situation in which it is.Con el objetivo de determinar cuáles son las estrategias de afrontamiento frente al diagnóstico en pacientes oncológicos del programa de cuidado en casa, se realizó un estudio de tipo fenomenológico con abordaje cualitativo. La población estuvo conformada por los pacientes oncológicos inscritos al Programa de Cuidado en Casa de la IPS UNIMEDICA de Villa Del Rosario. Se realizó un muestreo de tipo no probabilístico intencional; en el estudio participaron tres pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer con un periodo de conocimiento de la patología mayor a seis meses. La entrevista a profundidad, las notas de campo y la observación fueron los métodos de recolección de información, además se utilizó la grabadora de voz para facilitar la transcripción y respectivo análisis de cada una de las entrevistas. Los resultados arrojados por la investigación evidencian tres fases de afrontamiento (Fase de prediagnóstico, diagnóstico y postdiagnóstico) por las que atraviesa el paciente con diagnóstico de cáncer. o que han recibido atención Se puede concluir que las personas en su vida cotidiana generalmente no acostumbran a tener conductas de prevención hasta que perciben amenazas para su salud, también se evidenció que después de pasar por la incertidumbre acerca de un posible diagnóstico, las personas desarrollan mecanismos de defensa en cuanto al diagnóstico positivo, las cuales generan conductas adaptativas al proceso de enfermedad, mientras que otras suelen aislarse y esconderse del problema logrando con esto un mayor estado de estrés y depresión por la situación en que se encuentra

Revista Temas Agrarios Volumen 26; Suplemento 1 de 2021

1st International and 2nd National Symposium of Agronomic Sciences: The rebirth of the scientific discussion space for the Colombian Agro.1 Simposio Intenacional y 2 Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano

A global metagenomic map of urban microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance

We present a global atlas of 4,728 metagenomic samples from mass-transit systems in 60 cities over 3 years, representing the first systematic, worldwide catalog of the urban microbial ecosystem. This atlas provides an annotated, geospatial profile of microbial strains, functional characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) markers, and genetic elements, including 10,928 viruses, 1,302 bacteria, 2 archaea, and 838,532 CRISPR arrays not found in reference databases. We identified 4,246 known species of urban microorganisms and a consistent set of 31 species found in 97% of samples that were distinct from human commensal organisms. Profiles of AMR genes varied widely in type and density across cities. Cities showed distinct microbial taxonomic signatures that were driven by climate and geographic differences. These results constitute a high-resolution global metagenomic atlas that enables discovery of organisms and genes, highlights potential public health and forensic applications, and provides a culture-independent view of AMR burden in cities.Funding: the Tri-I Program in Computational Biology and Medicine (CBM) funded by NIH grant 1T32GM083937; GitHub; Philip Blood and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), supported by NSF grant number ACI-1548562 and NSF award number ACI-1445606; NASA (NNX14AH50G, NNX17AB26G), the NIH (R01AI151059, R25EB020393, R21AI129851, R35GM138152, U01DA053941); STARR Foundation (I13- 0052); LLS (MCL7001-18, LLS 9238-16, LLS-MCL7001-18); the NSF (1840275); the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1151054); the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (G-2015-13964); Swiss National Science Foundation grant number 407540_167331; NIH award number UL1TR000457; the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231; the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy; Stockholm Health Authority grant SLL 20160933; the Institut Pasteur Korea; an NRF Korea grant (NRF-2014K1A4A7A01074645, 2017M3A9G6068246); the CONICYT Fondecyt Iniciación grants 11140666 and 11160905; Keio University Funds for Individual Research; funds from the Yamagata prefectural government and the city of Tsuruoka; JSPS KAKENHI grant number 20K10436; the bilateral AT-UA collaboration fund (WTZ:UA 02/2019; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, UA:M/84-2019, M/126-2020); Kyiv Academic Univeristy; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine project numbers 0118U100290 and 0120U101734; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013–2017; the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya; the CRG-Novartis-Africa mobility program 2016; research funds from National Cheng Kung University and the Ministry of Science and Technology; Taiwan (MOST grant number 106-2321-B-006-016); we thank all the volunteers who made sampling NYC possible, Minciencias (project no. 639677758300), CNPq (EDN - 309973/2015-5), the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science – MOE, ECNU, the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong through project 11215017, National Key RD Project of China (2018YFE0201603), and Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2017SHZDZX01) (L.S.