185 research outputs found
La percepción del riesgo biológico en las prácticas clínicoasistenciales en los estudiantes de Grado de Enfermería de la Universidad de Barcelona
Podeu consultar la Vuitena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/66524Objetivo: Analizar la percepción del riesgo biológico de los estudiantes de Grado de
Enfermería de la Universidad de Barcelona (UB) antes de iniciar sus prácticas clínicoasistenciales.
Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en la Escuela de Enfermería de la
UB en estudiantes de Grado de Enfermería matriculados en las asignaturas prácticas
de segundo curso (Estancias Clínicas I) y de tercer curso (Estancias Clínicas II)
durante el 2013-2014 (N=78). Variables: sociodemográficas, laborales, de formación,
clínicas y referidas a la evaluación del riesgo biológico percibido. Se utilizó un
instrumento de elaboración propia y la escala EDRP-T. Análisis estadístico: descriptivo
y univariante para detectar si habían diferencias entre la percepción de riesgo biológico
de los ítems de la escala EDRP-T y las variables sociodemográficas.
Resultados: Los estudiantes sin formación práctica previa (Estancias Clínicas I) tenían
menor percepción de conocimiento y menor percepción de daño derivado del riesgo
biológico con respecto a los estudiantes con formación práctica previa (Estancias Clínicas
II), (p=0.05 y p=0.04 respectivamente). Se detectó menor percepción del riesgo
biológico en los estudiantes con experiencia laboral previa.
Conclusión: La formación práctica y la experiencia laboral influyen en la percepción
del riesgo biológico de los estudiantes de enfermería. Faltan estudios que relacionen
la percepción de riesgo con el uso de las medidas de prevención durante su formación
práctica y los accidentes de tipo biológicos sufridos
Anàlisi de les metodologies docents i habilitats dels estudiants durant el primer cicle de la llicenciatura de Farmàcia
La integració en el sistema universitari europeu i la implantació dels ECTS suposa un repte tant per als alumnes com per als professors, ja que implica un canvi en la metodologia utilitzada en els processos d"ensenyament-aprenentatge. El Grup d"Innovació Docent Ensenyar a Aprendre Fisiologia, de la UB es va plantejar que abans de la implantació del nou sistema, calia un coneixement objectiu de l"estat actual de les metodologies emprades en els processos d"ensenyament- aprenentatge, i de la utilització real que els alumnes en fan d"aquestes metodologies per tal de contribuir a la reflexió per a l"inici del procés de implantació del nou sistema. Així doncs, mostrem en aquest article els resultats d"un projecte de recerca en docència (REDICE-04) en què, basant-nos en enquestes, vam poder copsar l"opinió dels alumnes sobre els mètodes docents actuals, i conèixer la metodologia d"aprenentatge emprada pels alumnes que cursen el primer cicle de l"ensenyament de Farmàcia
Del entorno universitario al entorno profesional: conocimiento del riesgo biológico antes de iniciar las prácticas en los estudiantes de grado de enfermería
Podeu consultar la Vuitena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/66524Objetivo: Analizar el nivel de conocimientos frente al riesgo biológico de los estudiantes
de Grado de Enfermería de la Universidad de Barcelona (UB) antes de iniciar sus
prácticas asistenciales.
Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en la Escuela Universitaria de
Enfermería de la UB en estudiantes matriculados en las asignaturas de Estancias Clínicas
I y Estancias Clínicas II durante el curso académico 2013-2014 (N=78). Variables:
sociodemográficas, laborales, formativas, estado vacunal del estudiante y referente a los
conocimientos sobre las normas de bioseguridad. Se utilizó un cuestionario de
elaboración propia. En el análisis descriptivo se obtuvieron frecuencias y porcentajes y se
realizó tabulación y tablas de contingencia para las variables cualitativas.
Resultados: El 65,3% (n=51) de los estudiantes tenían un nivel de conocimientos
medio- bajo respecto a la prevención del riesgo biológico antes de realizar las asignaturas
prácticas. El 76,9% (n = 60) y el 88,5% (n=69) desconocían cuál era el porcentaje de
seroconversión después de pincharse con una aguja contaminada con VIH..
Nursing intervention to improve positive mental health and self-care skills in people with chronic physical health conditions
The exponential increase in the number of people suffering chronic illness has become a problem for which healthcare services need a response. The inclusion of self-care and positive mental health as part of a strategy to promote health offers an opportunity for a reorganization oriented towards community spaces and group interventions. This study undertook the assessment of an intervention designed to optimize the agency of and capacity for self-care and positive mental health by utilizing activities drawn from the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC), specifically from Field 3 (Behavioral), and organized as a program called PIPsE. A quasi-experimental design was prepared with an intervention group (n = 22) and a control group (n = 22), in a primary care center in the Barcelona metropolitan area. The instruments used were two ad hoc questionnaires to collect sociodemographic and satisfaction information and two scales: the Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale (ASA) and the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (PMHQ). The results obtained showed a significant increase in self-care capacity and both overall positive mental health and mental health by factors in the intervention group
Effectiveness of the online 'Dialogue Circles' nursing intervention to increase positive mental health and reduce the burden of caregivers of patients with complex chronic conditions. Randomized clinical trial
The personal demands involved in caring for a chronically ill person can lead to emotional and physical exhaustion in caregivers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an online nursing intervention called 'dialogue circles' designed to reduce caregiver overload and enhance positive mental health (PMH) in family caregivers. We used a pre-post design. The sample consisted of 86 family caregivers of patients with complex chronic conditions, randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 43) or the control group (n = 43). All participants completed the Zarit scale and the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire 15 days before starting the intervention and 30 days after its completion. Comparison of the post-test changes revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups in PMH and overload, with the intervention group showing greater positive changes in all dimensions of PMH after the intervention and lower scores on overload. In conclusion, the results suggest that incorporating dialogue circles as an online nursing intervention in the caregivers of patients with complex chronic conditions can enhance PMH and decrease caregiver overload, especially in settings where face-to-face encounters are not possible
The experiences of family members of persons with intellectual disabilities who used residential care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has shown the vulnerability of some population groups, including persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Aim: The present paper will provide more clarity and understanding of the experiences of family members of persons with IDD housed in residential facilities in Catalonia within the period of maximum restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and procedures: Semi-structured interviews were conducted using an interpretive phenomenological qualitative approach. Study participants consisted of 14 relatives of IDD individuals who were institutionalized in residence facilities or homes. The guiding questions emerged from group discussions with relatives of those with IDD who did not participate in the subsequent interviews. Drawing from this group, the factors that were identified to have had the greatest impact on their lives were later used to guide the interviews. Data collection was carried out in face-to-face individual interviews that were recorded together with the observations of two researchers between February and October 2022. Results: Our analysis identified 4 main themes that developed into additional factors: the decision to stay at home or in the residence, fear, illness, and protocol. Individuals with IDD lost their daily routines, suffered from social isolation, and did not understand the situation. Conclusion: The results of this study allow for a better understanding of the experiences of families of persons with IDD in residential centres during the lockdown by identifying their needs and how to better support them in the future. Outcomes and results: Knowledge and understanding of these events should allow for better management of similar situations in the future
Programa de formación basado en técnicas de comunicación básica y asistida para las enfermeras de extrahospitalaria
La comunicación es la clave para comprender la vulnerabilidad emocional de los pacientes en estado crítico. Un cambio repentino en la salud, experimentado por estas personas debido a un accidente o enfermedad, puede causar un efecto psicoemocional como la ansiedad o el estrés postraumático. Objetivo principal: Evaluar un programa de formación en técnicas de comunicación básica y asistida (CONECTEM) para enfermeras pre-hospitalarias y conocer la utilidad y la satisfacción percibida del programa de formación. Métodos: El estudio presenta un diseño observacional-descriptivo cuasi experimental. La muestra fue de 12 enfermeras pre-hospitalarias seleccionadas según los criterios de inclusión. Se realizó un test post formación para evaluar los conocimientos adquiridos de las enfermeras. Resultados: El 100% de las enfermeras que realizaron el entrenamiento en CONECTEM fueron aptas para implementar la intervención comunicativa en la ambulancia. El 60% de las enfermeras consideró que la formación fue muy útil para mejorar la calidad de la atención en los pacientes críticos trasladados en ambulancia. La satisfacción percibida por las enfermeras de la formación CONECTEM, fue muy buena en un 42,4% y buenas, en un 58,3%. Conclusiones: Los resultados respaldan la importancia de la formación en técnicas de comunicación asistida y alternativa (CAA) para mejorar las curas integrales al paciente crítico y ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de formación en comunicación de las enfermeras de pre-hospitalaria
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016.
OBJECTIVE: To provide an update to "Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2012." DESIGN: A consensus committee of 55 international experts representing 25 international organizations was convened. Nominal groups were assembled at key international meetings (for those committee members attending the conference). A formal conflict-of-interest (COI) policy was developed at the onset of the process and enforced throughout. A stand-alone meeting was held for all panel members in December 2015. Teleconferences and electronic-based discussion among subgroups and among the entire committee served as an integral part of the development. METHODS: The panel consisted of five sections: hemodynamics, infection, adjunctive therapies, metabolic, and ventilation. Population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes (PICO) questions were reviewed and updated as needed, and evidence profiles were generated. Each subgroup generated a list of questions, searched for best available evidence, and then followed the principles of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to assess the quality of evidence from high to very low, and to formulate recommendations as strong or weak, or best practice statement when applicable. RESULTS: The Surviving Sepsis Guideline panel provided 93 statements on early management and resuscitation of patients with sepsis or septic shock. Overall, 32 were strong recommendations, 39 were weak recommendations, and 18 were best-practice statements. No recommendation was provided for four questions. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial agreement exists among a large cohort of international experts regarding many strong recommendations for the best care of patients with sepsis. Although a significant number of aspects of care have relatively weak support, evidence-based recommendations regarding the acute management of sepsis and septic shock are the foundation of improved outcomes for these critically ill patients with high mortality
Latin Americans show wide-spread Converso ancestry and imprint of local Native ancestry on physical appearance
Historical records and genetic analyses indicate that Latin Americans trace their ancestry mainly to the intermixing (admixture) of Native Americans, Europeans and Sub-Saharan Africans. Using novel haplotype-based methods, here we infer sub-continental ancestry in over 6,500 Latin Americans and evaluate the impact of regional ancestry variation on physical appearance. We find that Native American ancestry components in Latin Americans correspond geographically to the present-day genetic structure of Native groups, and that sources of non-Native ancestry, and admixture timings, match documented migratory flows. We also detect South/East Mediterranean ancestry across Latin America, probably stemming mostly from the clandestine colonial migration of Christian converts of non-European origin (Conversos). Furthermore, we find that ancestry related to highland (Central Andean) versus lowland (Mapuche) Natives is associated with variation in facial features, particularly nose morphology, and detect significant differences in allele frequencies between these groups at loci previously associated with nose morphology in this sample
Caffeine as a tool for investigating the integration of Cdc25 phosphorylation, activity and ubiquitin-dependent degradation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
The evolutionarily conserved Cdc25 phosphatase is an essential protein that removes inhibitory phosphorylation moieties on the mitotic regulator Cdc2. Together with the Wee1 kinase, a negative regulator of Cdc2 activity, Cdc25 is thus a central regulator of cell cycle progression in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The expression and activity of Cdc25 is dependent on the activity of the Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1). TORC1 inhibition leads to the activation of Cdc25 and repression of Wee1, leading to advanced entry into mitosis. Withdrawal of nitrogen leads to rapid Cdc25 degradation via the ubiquitin- dependent degradation pathway by the Pub1 E3- ligase. Caffeine is believed to mediate the override of DNA damage checkpoint signalling, by inhibiting the activity of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/Rad3 homologues. This model remains controversial, as TORC1 appears to be the preferred target of caffeine in vivo. Recent studies suggest that caffeine induces DNA damage checkpoint override by inducing the nuclear accumulation of Cdc25 in S. pombe. Caffeine may thus modulate Cdc25 activity and stability via inhibition of TORC1. A clearer understanding of the mechanisms by which caffeine stabilises Cdc25, may provide novel insights into how TORC1 and DNA damage signalling is integrated
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