Un dispositif d’expression et de communication interne dans une entreprise de transports publics : Le DIRE

Ce texte présente un exemple de la pratique d’intervention de l’AGASP, groupe de travail créé en 1971 par Gérard Mendel, psychanalyste et anthropologue, pour alimenter ses travaux théoriques et les mettre à l’épreuve de la réalité institutionnelle. Ce type de réalisation au long cours (vingtième année), s’appuyant sur la mise en oeuvre d’une méthodologie précise, montre qu’une nouvelle pratique sociale modifiant l’organisation du travail est possible dans le cadre d’organisations traditionnelles. Cette démarche vise à améliorer la coopération, tout en permettant aux acteurs de vivre un rapport plus enrichissant à leur acte de travail et, ainsi, de développer leur psychosocialité.This article presents an example of the intervention practice of AGASP, a working party created in 1971 by Gérard Mendel, a psychoanalyst and anthropologist, to sustain and put to the test of institutional reality his theoritical work. This type of long run realization (twentieth year of application), based on the implementation of a precise methodology, shows that a new form of social practice modifying work organization is possible in the context of traditional organizations. This procedure aims at improving cooperation while permitting actors to live a more enriching relation to their “work act” and, thus, develop their “psychosociality”

La question de l'interculturalité en archéologie : l'exemple d'une région du Subarctique oriental

Cross-culturality, that is, the links that exist between different cultural entities, is a central concern of the human sciences. A number of these sciences are able to rely on data where control of the temporal "dimension" makes it possible at least to ensure that the observed phenomena are synchronous. Archaeology almost systematically faces this issue of synchrony. The fact remains that, in the long run, this discipline manages to outline the broad features of the social dynamics within a given space. Such is the case, presented in this article, regarding the ancient social dynamics that crept into a subarctic region of Canada situated in Quebec — the Saguenay-bac-St-Jean region — between 4000 B.C. and the nineteenth century. Résumé La question de l'interculturalité, c'est-à-dire des Uens existant entre des entités culturelles différentes, constitue une problématique au centre des préoccupations des sciences humaines. Parmi ces sciences, certaines peuvent compter sur des données où la maîtrise de la « dimension » temporelle permet, au moins, d'assurer que les phénomènes observés sont synchrones. L'archéologie, quant à elle, fait face de façon presque systématique à cette question de synchronie. Il demeure que, dans le temps long, cette discipline parvient à esquisser les grands traits des dynamiques sociales au sein d'un espace donné. Tel est le cas, exposé dans cet article, des dynamiques sociales anciennes qui ont joué dans une région du subarctique canadien située au Québec, le Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, entre le quatrième millénaire avant notre ère et le dix-neuvième siècle

Perturbations of the CD8+ T-cell repertoire in CVID patients with complications

AbstractA higher chronic expansion of effector cytotoxic CD8+DR+ T-lymphocytes has been reported in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients with complications such as splenomegaly, autoimmune disease and/or granulomatous disease. In order to document the features associated with this T cell activation involving the CD8+ T-compartment, we examined the diversity of the alpha/beta TCR repertoire of the patient's CD8+ T-lymphocytes using the qualitative analysis of the CDR3 lengths (Immunoscope).Ten CIVD patients were enrolled in this study, four without complications (Group 1), six with complications (Group 2). All patients exhibited non-gaussian altered CDR3 length distributions, albeit to different extent within the different Vβ families. CVID patients with activated CD8+ T-cells show a reduction of their TCR repertoire diversity which is more severe in patients with complications. Viral reactivations such as CMV are suspected to be part of the mechanisms underlying immunosenescence

X-Band Polarimetric & Doppler radar observations of heavy precipitation events over the Mediterranean region (France).

Numerous heavy precipitations take place over the western Mediterranean Sea especially during summer and in some case lead to severe floods over the continent (Vaison la Romaine in 1992, Draguignan the 15-16 June 2010, Antibes 30 October-1 November 2010...). Since the Mediterranean is surrounded by mountain barriers, and strong contrasts between sea and continent exist, local forcing is important. The present work aims at examining the environmental conditions and precipitation structures of storms observed in these regions and at improving our knowledge about the life-cycle of the more intense events and processes that govern their evolution. It uses observations gathered by the X band polarimetric & Doppler weather Radar HYDRIX. This radar, owned by the LATMOS/CNRS, developed and operated by NOVIMET, collects in an operational way since 2008 reflectivity, Doppler and polarimetric data with a time step and a spatial resolution of 5 minutes and 1 km respectively. In addition to these data, derived products such as instantaneous rainfall, cumulated rain, cell displacement and hydrometeor classification are obtained in real time. It also provides Doppler information in clear air region. All these data can be used to document the low level environment and the internal dynamics, microphysics and the interaction-mechanisms (wind shear, ...) leading to high-accumulated surface rainfall. The presentation focus on the first step of this work devoted to the temporal and spatial characterisation of the precipitation that affects the Provencal and Ligurian region. A statistical and a spectral analysis are performed to construct a climatology and to document the life cycle and the dynamical-microphysical characteristics of a few representative high-impact events

Altered dendritic cell distribution in patients with common variable immunodeficiency

Recent data suggest a critical role for dendritic cells (DCs) in the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells. In the work reported herein, we analyzed the frequency of peripheral blood plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and myeloid DCs (mDCs) in a cohort of 44 adults with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) classified according to their CD27 membrane expression status on B cells. A deep alteration in the distribution of DC subsets, especially of pDCs, in the peripheral blood of CVID patients was found. Patients with a reduced number of class-switched CD27(+)IgD(-)IgM(- )memory B cells and patients with granulomatous disease had a dramatic decrease in pDCs (P = 0.00005 and 0.0003 vs controls, respectively) and, to a lesser extent, of mDCs (P = 0.001 and 0.01 vs controls, respectively). In contrast, patients with normal numbers of switched memory B cells had a DC distribution pattern similar to that in controls. Taken together, our results raise the possibility that innate immunity contributes to pathogenesis in CVID

Late ordovician climbing dune assemblages, the signature of glacial outburst ?

PosterMeltwater-related processes have long been recognized as first-order geomorphic mechanisms in both subglacial and proglacial environments. Among them, glacial outburst or jökulhlaups (the Icelandic term for “glacial flood”) represent short-term events (1-15 days, e.g. Snorrason et al., 2002) with major erosional and depositional impacts. They emanate either from the catastrophic drainage of glacially dammed lakes or from the drainage or collapse of subglacial reservoirs

Immunological markers after long-term treatment interruption in chronically HIV-1 infected patients with CD4 cell count above 400 x 10(6) cells/l.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse immunological markers associated with CD4+ lymphocyte T-cell count (CD4+) evolution during 12-month follow-up after treatment discontinuation. METHOD: Prospective observational study of chronically HIV-1 infected patients with CD4+ above 400 x 10(6) cells/l. RESULTS: CD4+ changes took place in two phases: an initial rapid decrease in the first month (-142 x 10(6) cells/l on average), followed by a slow decline (-17 x 10(6) cells/l on average) The second slope of CD4+ decline was not correlated with the first and only baseline plasma HIV RNA was associated with it. The decline in CD4+ during the first month was steeper in patients with higher CD4+ and weaker plasma HIV RNA baseline levels. Moreover, the decline was less pronounced (P < 10(-4)) in patients with CD4+ nadir above 350 x 10(6) cells/l (-65 x 10(6) cells/l per month) in comparison with those below 350 x 10(6) cells/l (-200 x 10(6) cells/l per month). A high number of dendritic cells (DCs) whatever the type was associated with high CD4+ at the time of treatment interruption and its steeper decline over the first month. Moreover, the myeloid DC level was stable whereas the lymphoid DC count, which tended to decrease in association with decrease in CD4+, was negatively correlated with the HIV RNA load slope. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the use of the CD4+ nadir to predict the CD4+ dynamic after treatment interruption and consideration of the CD4+ count after 1-month of interruption merely reflects the 12-month level of CD4+. Although DCs seem to be associated with the CD4+ dynamic, the benefit of monitoring them has still to be defined

Interleukin 2 production by peripheral blood lymphocytes in allograft recipients during acute rejection episodes

Interleukin 2 production by peripheral blood lymphocytes in allograft recipients during acute rejection episodes. Inthis study we investigate the relationship between the Interleukin 2 (IL-2) yield produced by kidney allograft recipient's peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) under lectin stimulation and the occurrence of acute rejection episodes. PBL were harvested prospectively before grafting, after grafting in steady-state period, and at the onset of acute rejection episodes. In addition, we tested retrospectively the ability of PBL of recipients engrafted for more than 1yr to produce IL-2. IL-2 levels were assessed on the IL-2-dependent CTL-L2 murine cell line. Our data show: 1) before grafting, hemodialysed patients (N = 14) produced normal IL-2 yield compared with healthy donors (N = 21); 2) the IL-2 secretion of PBL ofrecipients with good graft function (N = 18) is decreased markedly during roughly the first 12 months following transplantation (P < 0.01); 3) when acute rejection crisis occurred during this time period (N = 24), a sharp and highly significant increment (P < 0.01) in lectin-induced IL-2 production of recipient's PBL was seen. After 1 yr, the capacity to secrete IL-2 upon lectin stimulation tends to be restored. Finally, our data correlate rejection and high PBL-IL-2 secretion clearly at a time when recipients with well-functioning grafts have markedly impaired IL-2 secretion

Including antenna mispointing in a semi-analytical model for delay/Doppler altimetry

International audienceDelay/Doppler altimetry aims at reducing the measurementnoise and increasing the along-track resolution in comparison with conventional pulse limited altimetry. In a previous paper, we have proposed a semi-analytical model for delay/Doppler altimetry which considers some simplifications as the absence of mispointing antenna. This paper first proposes a new semi-analytical model for delay/Doppler altimetry. The proposed analytical expression for the flat surface impulse response considers antenna mispointing angles, a circular antenna pattern, no vertical speed effect and a uniform scattering. The two dimensional delay/Doppler map is obtained by a numerical computation of the convolution between the proposed analytical function, the probability density function of the heights of the specular scatterers and the time/frequency point target response of the radar. The approximations used to obtain the semi-analytical model are analyzed and the associated errors are quantified by analytical bounds for these errors. The second contribution of this paper concerns the estimation of the parameters associated with the multi-look semi-analytical model. Two estimation strategies based on the least squares procedure are proposed. The proposed model and algorithms are validated on both synthetic and real waveforms. The obtained results are very promising and show the accuracy of this generalized model with respect to the previous model assuming zero antenna mispointing

Modèle semi-analytique pour l'altimétrie SAR/Doppler sur océan

National audienceLe concept de radar altimétrique SAR/Doppler est apparu au milieu des années 90. Cette technologie permet de réduire le bruit de mesure (par augmentation du nombre d’observations) et d’augmenter la résolution le long de la trace (along-track) en utilisant l’information contenue dans la fréquence Doppler. Cet article propose un nouveau modèle semi-analytique, basé sur une approche géométrique, pour modéliser les échos SAR/Doppler. Ce modèle est validé à l’aide de données synthétiques puis à l’aide de données réelles issues du satellite Cryosat-2. Les résultats obtenus sont très prometteurs et montrent le bon fonctionnement du modèle proposé