The Berzdorf lake as the main user in the water economy balance of the Nysa Luzycka river

Nysa Łużycka jest rzeką o stosunkowo ubogich zasobach wodnych, na co nakłada się silna antropopresja. Zjawiskiem charakterystycznym jest ciągła zmienność przepływów w profilu podłużnym rzeki. Zasadniczy wpływ na zasoby wodne zlewni Nysy Łużyckiej ma górnictwo węgla brunatnego i towarzyszące mu inwestycje, polskie i niemieckie kopalnie i elektrociepłownie. Wyrobisko pokopalniane po zamkniętej w 1997 roku niemieckiej kopalni Berzdorf poddawane jest rekultywacji przez zalewanie wodami Nysy Łużyckiej i jej lewostronnego dopływu Pliessnitz. Obliczenia bilansowe zasobów wodnych w zlewni pozwalają na określenie takich warunków poboru wody, które stanowią kompromis między koniecznością zalania wyrobiska, a skutkami poboru dla środowiska i zlokalizowanych poniżej użytkowników. Konieczne jest zagwarantowanie nie tylko przepływu nienaruszalnego ekologicznie uzasadnionego, ale i utrzymania minimalnych przepływów gwarantowanych dla 19 polskich i niemieckich elektrowni wodnych. Powstałe w wyniku zalewania wyrobiska jezioro Berzdorf jest głównym użytkownikiem wód powierzchniowych w zlewni Nysy Łużyckiej. Zbiornik usytuowany jest między miejscowościami Tauchritz i Klein Neudorf na zachód od lewego brzegu rzeki, ok. 10 km powyżej wodowskazu Zgorzelec. Instalacja umożliwia maksymalny pobór w ilości 10 m3/s, a warunkiem poboru jest zachowanie przepływu granicznego w Nysie Łużyckiej w ilości Qgr = 13,3 m3/s.The Nysa Łużycka River is a relatively poor river in terms of water resources which results in strong anthropoperssion. A characteristic phenomenon is a continuous discharge changeability in the river longitudinal profile. Brown coal mining and accompanying them investments, Polish and German mines as well as power plants have a major influence on The Nysa Łużycka river basin. Postmining working closed in 1997 after German Bezdorf Mine is under rehabilitation by flooding waters of the Nysa Łużycka River and its left tributary, namely The Pliessnitz. The calculation of water resources balance allows to establish such conditions of water intake which represent a compromise between the need to flood the working and the effects of water abstraction on the environment and users located below. It is necessary not only to ensure an ecologically reasonable inviolable discharge but also maintain the minimal discharges guaranteed for 19 Polish and German water power plants. Working resulting from the flooding of the Berzdorf Lake is the main user of surface water in the Nysa Łużycka river basin. The reservoir is situated between the cities of Tauchritz and Klein Neudorf, west of the left bank of the river, about 10 kilometers above Zgorzelec watergauge. The installation provides maximum intake in the amount of 10 m3/s under the condition that the threshold of the discharge is maintained in the amount of Qgr = 13,3 m3/s

CTA contributions to the 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2013)

Compilation of CTA contributions to the proceedings of the 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2013), which took place in 2-9 July, 2013, in Rio de Janeiro, BrazilComment: Index of CTA conference proceedings at the ICRC2013, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). v1: placeholder with no arXiv links yet, to be replaced once individual contributions have been all submitted. v2: final with arXiv links to all CTA contributions and full author lis

Introducing the CTA concept

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a new observatory for very high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. CTA has ambitions science goals, for which it is necessary to achieve full-sky coverage, to improve the sensitivity by about an order of magnitude, to span about four decades of energy, from a few tens of GeV to above 100 TeV with enhanced angular and energy resolutions over existing VHE gamma-ray observatories. An international collaboration has formed with more than 1000 members from 27 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America. In 2010 the CTA Consortium completed a Design Study and started a three-year Preparatory Phase which leads to production readiness of CTA in 2014. In this paper we introduce the science goals and the concept of CTA, and provide an overview of the project

Introducing the CTA concept

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a new observatory for very high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. CTA has ambitions science goals, for which it is necessary to achieve full-sky coverage, to improve the sensitivity by about an order of magnitude, to span about four decades of energy, from a few tens of GeV to above 100 TeV with enhanced angular and energy resolutions over existing VHE gamma-ray observatories. An international collaboration has formed with more than 1000 members from 27 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America. In 2010 the CTA Consortium completed a Design Study and started a three-year Preparatory Phase which leads to production readiness of CTA in 2014. In this paper we introduce the science goals and the concept of CTA, and provide an overview of the project. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved