9 research outputs found
#monSmartphone: regards de jeunes en internat et externat sur leurs utilisations du Smartphone Ă des fins de socialisation
Ce travail de recherche vise Ă analyser comment lâartefact Smartphone devient un instrument de socialisation pour les jeunes adolescentâeâs placĂ©âeâs en institution. Cette thĂ©matique a Ă©tĂ© choisie en raison de son actualitĂ© et des questionnements quâelle soulĂšve dans les institutions sociales. Le cadre thĂ©orique articule trois concepts : le Smartphone, la genĂšse instrumentale et la socialisation de lâadolescentâe. Les multiples fonctionnalitĂ©s du Smartphone en font un objet qui accompagne les individus tout au long de leur journĂ©e et dans leurs interactions sociales. Les utilisations faites Ă©voluent avec lâautonomisation des jeunes, passant progressivement dâoccasionnelles Ă rĂ©guliĂšre, et du salon Ă la chambre. La genĂšse instrumentale est le processus qui transforme un artefact en instrument rĂ©alisant un type de tĂąche, au travers de deux mouvements : lâinstrumentation et lâinstrumentalisation. Ce processus prend Ă©galement en compte les potentialitĂ©s et les contraintes liĂ©es aux artefacts. Enfin, la socialisation secondaire et lâespace numĂ©rique permettent de mieux comprendre les enjeux liĂ©s Ă lâutilisation du Smartphone par les adolescentâeâs
Appréhender la représentation spatiale grùces à la réalité augmentée
Le but de ce travail de Bachelor est dâajouter deux fonctionnalitĂ©s Ă une application de rĂ©alitĂ© augmentĂ©e qui a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e dans le contexte dâun prĂ©cĂ©dent travail de Bachelor. Cette application a pour but dâaider les apprentis de lâORIF qui travaillent dans le domaine des installations sanitaires et qui souffrent de troubles de lâapprentissage
Surface ocean metabarcoding confirms limited diversity in planktonic foraminifera but reveals unknown hyper-abundant lineages
Abstract Since the advent of DNA metabarcoding surveys, the planktonic realm is considered a treasure trove of diversity, inhabited by a small number of abundant taxa, and a hugely diverse and taxonomically uncharacterized consortium of rare species. Here we assess if the apparent underestimation of plankton diversity applies universally. We target planktonic foraminifera, a group of protists whose known morphological diversity is limited, taxonomically resolved and linked to ribosomal DNA barcodes. We generated a pyrosequencing dataset of ~100,000 partial 18S rRNA foraminiferal sequences from 32 size fractioned photic-zone plankton samples collected at 8 stations in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans during the Tara Oceans expedition (2009â2012). We identified 69 genetic types belonging to 41 morphotaxa in our metabarcoding dataset. The diversity saturated at local and regional scale as well as in the three size fractions and the two depths sampled indicating that the diversity of foraminifera is modest and finite. The large majority of the newly discovered lineages occur in the small size fraction, neglected by classical taxonomy. These unknown lineages dominate the bulk [>0.8â”m] size fraction, implying that a considerable part of the planktonic foraminifera community biomass has its origin in unknown lineages
Bedrock permafrost degradation rates from differents sites at altitudes above 2900 m a.s.l. in the Alps
International audienc
The CryoGrid community model (version 1.0) - a multi-physics toolbox for climate-driven simulations in the terrestrial cryosphere
The CryoGrid community model is a flexible toolbox for simulating the ground thermal regime and the ice-water balance for permafrost and glaciers, extending a well-established suite of permafrost models (CryoGrid 1, 2, and 3). The CryoGrid community model can accommodate a wide variety of application scenarios, which is achieved by fully modular structures through object-oriented programming. Different model components, characterized by their process representations and parameterizations, are realized as classes (i.e., objects) in CryoGrid. Standardized communication protocols between these classes ensure that they can be stacked vertically. For example, the CryoGrid community model features several classes with different complexity for the seasonal snow cover, which can be flexibly combined with a range of classes representing subsurface materials, each with their own set of process representations (e.g., soil with and without water balance, glacier ice). We present the CryoGrid architecture as well as the model physics and defining equations for the different model classes, focusing on one-dimensional model configurations which can also interact with external heat and water reservoirs. We illustrate the wide variety of simulation capabilities for a site on Svalbard, with point-scale permafrost simulations using, e.g., different soil freezing characteristics, drainage regimes, and snow representations, as well as simulations for glacier mass balance and a shallow water body. The CryoGrid community model is not intended as a static model framework but aims to provide developers with a flexible platform for efficient model development. In this study, we document both basic and advanced model functionalities to provide a baseline for the future development of novel cryosphere models
Ocean plankton. Eukaryotic plankton diversity in the sunlit ocean
Marine plankton support global biological and geochemical processes. Surveys of their biodiversity have hitherto been geographically restricted and have not accounted for the full range of plankton size. We assessed eukaryotic diversity from 334 size-fractionated photic-zone plankton communities collected across tropical and temperate oceans during the circumglobal Tara Oceans expedition. We analyzed 18S ribosomal DNA sequences across the intermediate plankton-size spectrum from the smallest unicellular eukaryotes (protists, >0.8 micrometers) to small animals of a few millimeters. Eukaryotic ribosomal diversity saturated at ~150,000 operational taxonomic units, about one-third of which could not be assigned to known eukaryotic groups. Diversity emerged at all taxonomic levels, both within the groups comprising the ~11,200 cataloged morphospecies of eukaryotic plankton and among twice as many other deep-branching lineages of unappreciated importance in plankton ecology studies. Most eukaryotic plankton biodiversity belonged to heterotrophic protistan groups, particularly those known to be parasites or symbiotic hosts.status: publishe
In situ high-pressure and high-temperature X-ray microtomographic imaging during large deformation: A new technique for studying mechanical behavior of multiphase composites
Convergence of patient- and physician-reported outcomes in the French National Registry of Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy
International audienceFacioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is among the most prevalent muscular dystrophies and currently has no treatment. Clinical and genetic heterogeneity are the main challenges to a full comprehension of the physiopathological mechanism. Improving our knowledge of FSHD is crucial to the development of future therapeutic trials and standards of care. National FSHD registries have been set up to this end. The French National Registry of FSHD combines a clinical evaluation form (CEF) and a self-report questionnaire (SRQ), filled out by a physician with expertise in neuromuscular dystrophies and by the patient, respectively. Aside from favoring recruitment, our strategy was devised to improve data quality. Indeed, the pairwise comparison of data from 281 patients for 39 items allowed for evaluating data accuracy. Kappa or intra-class coefficient (ICC) values were calculated to determine the correlation between answers provided in both the CEF and SRQ. Results Patients and physicians agreed on a majority of questions common to the SRQ and CEF (24 out of 39). Demographic, diagnosis- and care-related questions were generally answered consistently by the patient and the medical practitioner (kappa or ICC values of most items in these groups were greater than 0.8). Muscle function-related items, i.e. FSHD-specific signs, showed an overall medium to poor correlation between data provided in the two forms; the distribution of agreements in this section was markedly spread out and ranged from poor to good. In particular, there was very little agreement regarding the assessment of facial motricity and the presence of a winged scapula. However, patients and physicians agreed very well on the Vignos and Brooke scores. The report of symptoms not specific to FSHD showed general poor consistency. Conclusions Patient and physician answers are largely concordant when addressing quantitative and objective items. Consequently, we updated collection forms by relying more on patient-reported data where appropriate. We hope the revised forms will reduce data collection time while ensuring the same quality standard. With the advent of artificial intelligence and automated decision-making, high-quality and reliable data are critical to develop top-performing algorithms to improve diagnosis, care, and evaluate the efficiency of upcoming treatments