Spaces of specialized production, surplus and Social Stratification in Pre-European Gran Canaria

En este trabajo se hace una evaluación de varios aspectos ligados al estudio de la división social del trabajo y la existencia de producción de excedentes entre los antiguos canarios. Se considera que estas dos cuestiones son básicas para establecer la naturaleza de las relaciones sociales de producción en la isla de Gran Canaria durante la etapa preeuropea. Se parte del análisis de evidencias arqueológicas (restos abióticos y vegetales fundamentalmente), procedentes de yacimientos excavados recientemente, con la intención de valorar su idoneidad para obtener resultados interpretables en términos históricos. Los datos manejados han permitido detectar la existencia de distintos procesos relacionados con la producción, distribución y consumo de bienes materiales, tanto a escala local como a una más amplia, de ámbito insular. Estos resultados comienzan a aportar evidencias cada vez más claras de una organización económica y social especializada y orientada a obtener un excedente, sobre todo a partir del siglo XIII d.e.The aim of this paper is to reconstruct some issues related to social division of labour and the existence of a surplus production among the ancient Canarians. These two aspects are basic to establish the nature of the social relations of production in Gran Canaria Island in the pre-European period. Archaeological data are employed in order to evaluate their suitability to produce interpretable results in historical terms. Data from our research have provided evidences of the production, exchange and consumption of different products in both local and island scale. This new archaeological data provide increasing evidences of a specialized social and economic organization, oriented to obtain a surplus. This pattern is clearer in the last period of Pre-Hispanic Stage (XIII to XV centuries)

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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Agricultura neolítica en Andalucía: semillas y frutos

[ES]En este artículo se presentan los datos arqueobotánicos relacionados con la agricultura existentes para el 6º y el 5º milenio en Andalucía. Tras la descripción de los principales conjuntos arqueobotánicos documentados en los que predominan los trigos y las cebadas desnudos, con un peso variable de los trigos vestidos, seguidos por una gran variedad de leguminosas, y por la presencia de lino y adormidera, se abordan cuestiones relacionadas con las diferencias y similitudes entre esta región y el resto de la Península Ibérica. Igualmente se compara el inicio de las prácticas agrícolas en Andalucía con Europa incidiendo en la enorme diversidad de la agricultura de esta región.[EN]This study focuses on the archaeobotanical data related to agriculture in the Early Neolithic (6th-5th millennium BC) of Andalusia (Spain). First, the archaeobotanical record is described, showing a predominance of free-threshing wheats, fluctuating proportions of hulled wheats, and a varied assemblage of legumes. Flax and poppy are also documented at some of the sites analysed. The pattern detected is compared to that found in other regions of the Iberian Peninsula and eventually to that reported for central Europe. Particular emphasis is placed on the considerable crop diversity found in Andalusia.El trabajo de los autores forma parte del Proyecto AGRIWESTMED (Origins and spread of agriculture in the western Mediterranean region) financiado por el ERC (European Research Council) a través de un Advanced Grant (ERC-AdG-230561) y del Proyecto HAR2008-01920/HIST Orígenes y expansión de la agricultura en el sur peninsular y norte de Marruecos: aportaciones desde la arqueobotánica y la genética y del MICIIN ambos dirigidos por L. Peña- Chocarro. Se agradece también la colaboración con el proyecto de investigación HAR2008-06477-C03- 03/HIST. La investigación de L. Peña-Chocarro se inserta además en el Programa Consolider TCPCSD2007- 00058.Peer reviewe

Neolithic plant use in the western Mediterranean region: preliminary results from the AGRIWESTMED Project

This contribution focuses on the preliminary results of the AGRIWESTMED project which focuses on the archaeobotanical analyses of early Neolithic sites in the western Mediterranean region (both in Iberia and in northern Morocco). A large number of sites has been studied producing an interesting dataset of plant remains which places the earliest examples of domesticated plants in the second half of the 6th millennium cal BC. Plant diversity is high as it is shown by the large number of species represented: hulled and naked wheats, barley, peas, fava beans, vetches, lentils and grass peas. To more crops, poppy and flax, are also part of the first agricultural crops of the area. Although agriculture seems to occupy a first place in the production of food, gathering is well represented in the Moroccan sites where a large number of species has been identified.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007- 2013)/ERC Grant Agreement nº 230561. In addition, the research has also benefited from the project I-COOP0011 funded by the CSIC (Spanish National Research Council) and from projects TPC-CSD2OO7-00058, HAR2008- 09120/HIST and HAR2011-23716 funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain. L. Zapata is part of the Research Group in Prehistory IT622-13/ UFI 11-09 of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU.Peer reviewe

Evidencias carpológicas de la actividad agrícola en la prehistoria de Gran Canaria: cebada, trigo, lentejas. Excavaciones en la antigua ermita de San Antón

Se presenta en este trabajo un avance del estudio de las evidencias carpológicas recuperadas en la intervención arqueológica desarrollada en la Antigua Ermita de San Antón (Agüimes, Gran Canaria).The aims of this paper is an preliminary analysis of the carpologic remains recovered in the primitive San Anton’s hermitage (Agüimes, Gran Canaria)

Crops of the first farming communities in the Iberian Peninsula

Agriculture was introduced in the Iberian Peninsula in the mid-6th millennium cal BC. The first Iberian farmer communities grew seven different cereal species (hulled and free-threshing wheats and hulled and naked barley), seven legumes (broad beans, lentils, peas, grass/red pea, common vetch and bitter vetch) and two oil crops (flax and poppy). The distinct agricultural diversity from area to area gave way to a complex mosaic of regional variability. This paper aims at exploring not only the main features characterising Neolithic agriculture in Iberia, but also at delineating its variability and the underlying causes linked to numerous factors including environmental constraints, economic and social issues, and cultural traditions and their demographic movements.The current research was carried out in the framework of both the AGRIWESTMED project ERC-AdG-230561 funded by the European Research Council, and the Orígenes y expansion de la agri- cultura en el sur peninsular y norte de Marruecos: aportaciones desde la arqueobotanica y la gen etica (HAR, 2008-01920/HIST) project funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion . The work of G. Perez-Jord a was undertaken within the post-doctoral con- tracts FPDI-2013-16034 and IJCI-2015-25082 funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. J. Morales is beneficiary of a Ramon y Cajal research fellowship (RYC-2015-18072) funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad.Peer Reviewe

Storage in traditional farming communities of the western Mediterranean: Ethnographic, historical and archaeological data

This paper presents ethnographic, historic and archaeological data from the western Mediterranean in order to explore the variability of storage methods and the various strategies that may have existed in the past in this region. The paper includes ethnographic information on traditional storage methods collected in farming communities in northern Morocco (Rif area). We record the use of plant fibres such as canes (Arundo donax), dwarf palm (Chamaerops humilis), esparto grass (Stipa tenacissima) and dis (Ampelodesmos mauritanica) to make containers. Recipients made of cow dung and unfired clay, as well as underground silos, have been also used in this region to store food. In addition, we explore historical and ethnohistorical data on the use of large storage structures, including the study of communal granaries, a particular type of granary located at inaccessible places, such as cliff faces or mountain tops, or within fortified buildings, from which harvests can be easily protected and defended. We also examine the archaeological evidence of storage strategies in the Iberian Peninsula during prehistoric times. The paper informs of the large variety of systems and materials used, the functioning of storage structures, and more generally, provides a framework for reflecting on the enormous diversity of solutions that could have existed in the past and that may have left little or none archeological traces.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement n° 230561. In addition, the work of Guillem Pérez has been carried out within the PIE 201410E006. The work by Lydia Zapata was carried out within the project HAR2011–23716 Nuevos cultivos, nuevos paisajes from the Spanish Government. She is part of the Research Group of the Basque Government UPV/EHU IT-288–07 and UPV/EHU UFI UFI11/09Peer reviewe

Orígenes de la agricultura en la provincia de Málaga: datos arqueobotánicos

Se presentan los primeros datos arqueobotánicos neolíticos de varios yacimientos malagueños (Cueva de Nerja, Hotel Guadalupe y Roca Chica). De la Cueva de Nerja se han estudiado materiales de las antiguas excavaciones de los años 1960 y 1970, mientras que en el caso de Hotel Guadalupe y Roca Chica, los materiales analizados proceden de actuaciones más recientes. El estudio arqueobotánico ha permitido establecer las especies cultivadas por los primeros agricultores de la región que incluyen entre otras la cebada desnuda, el trigo desnudo, la escanda menor así como varias leguminosas como el haba, los guisantes y las almortas/titarros. Entre las especies silvestres destacan las aceitunas y las bellotas.Este trabajo es una contribución a una serie de proyectos proyectos como Origins and spread of agriculture in the western Mediterranean region (ERC‑AdG 230561) financiado poer European Research Council y Orígenes y expansión de la agricultura en el sur peninsular y norte de Marruecos: aportaciones desde la arqueobotánica y la genética (HAR2008‑01920/ HIST) del MICIIN ambos dirigidos por L. Peña‑Chocarro y HAR2008‑06477‑C03‑03/ HIST dirigido por J.A. López Sáez. Además forma parte de los trabajos realizados en el marco del Programa Consolider de Investigación en Tecnologías para la valoración y conservación del Patrimonio Cultural ‑TCP‑CSD2007‑00058, y ha sido financiado también por los proyectos de investigación y del proyecto Los últimos cazadores‑recolectores y las primeras sociedades productoras del sur de la Península Ibérica y el norte de África (Marruecos). Una aproximación socio‑económica a través de la gestión de los instrumentos líticos de producción y de la explotación de los recursos domésticos (PTDC/HAH/64548/2006 (FCT – Fundação para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia Portugal).Peer reviewe

The origins of agriculture in North-West Africa: Macro-botanical remains from Epipalaeolithic and Early Neolithic levels of Ifri Oudadane (Morocco)

This research aims to shed light on the early stages of agricultural development in Northern Africa through the analysis of the rich macro-botanical assemblages obtained from Ifri Oudadane, an Epipalaeolithic-Early Neolithic site from North-East Morocco. Results indicate the presence of domesticated plants, cereals (Hordeum vulgare, Triticum monococcum/. dicoccum, Triticum durum and Triticum aestivum/. durum) and pulses (Lens culinaris and Pisum sativum) in the Early Neolithic. One lentil has been dated to 7611 ± 37 cal BP representing the oldest direct date of a domesticated plant seed in Morocco and, by extension, in North Africa. Similarities in both radiocarbon dates and crop assemblages from Early Neolithic sites in Northern Morocco and the Iberian Peninsula suggest a simultaneous East to West maritime spread of agriculture along the shores of the Western Mediterranean. Wild plants were abundantly collected in both the Epipalaeolithic and the Early Neolithic periods pointing to the important role of these resources during the two periods. In addition to fruits and seeds that could have been consumed by both humans and domesticated animals, fragments of esparto grass (Stipa tenacissima) rhizomes have been identified. This is a western Mediterranean native plant that may have been used as a source of fibres for basketry. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013)/ERC Grant Agreement n° 230561. In addition, the research has also benefited from the project I-COOP0011 funded by the CSIC (Spanish National Research Council) and from projects TPC-CSD2OO7-00058 and CGL2011-30512-C02-01 and HAR2008-09120/HIST funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain. Fieldwork was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) in the frame of the CRC 806 “Our way to Europe”.Peer Reviewe