Intervenciones de diseño urbano en periferia de pendiente natural y paisajística “El caso de la zona entre la avenida centenario y el río Quindío en la ciudad de Armenia”

La ocupación del territorio y el crecimiento de la ciudad deben trascender aspectos particulares, esto es, proveer terrenos urbanizables solo desde la visión predial y la desafectación de terrenos de zonas con características ambientales y paisajísticas sin la integralidad necesaria para que se generen las condiciones de habitabilidad que solicitan los componentes urbanos. Los conceptos de diseño urbano que se adoptan para este trabajo, muestran la posibilidad de la construcción de un escenario que genera calidad de vida en sus habitantes, propios y visitantes, con el usufructo inmobiliario requerido y la protección ambiental necesaria, destacando el paisaje singular del lugar.Abstract. The occupation of the territory and the growth of the city must transcend particular aspects, that is to say, to provide urbanizable land only from the land view and the disaffection of land of zones with environmental and landscape characteristics without the integrality necessary to generate the conditions of habitability that Request the urban components. The urban design concepts adopted for this work show the possibility of constructing a scenario that generates quality of life in its own and visiting inhabitants, with the required real estate usufruct and the necessary environmental protection, highlighting the unique landscape of the place.Maestrí

Estrategias didácticas movilizadoras del desarrollo de procesos lógicos de pensamiento en los estudiantes de Facultad de Ingeniería de la Institución Universitaria de Envigado

“ESTRATEGIAS DIDÁCTICAS MOVILIZADORAS DEL DESARROLLO DE PROCESOS LÓGICOS DE PENSAMIENTO EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE LA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA EN LA INSTITUCIÓN UNIVERSITARIA DE ENVIGADO”, es el título que recibió esta investigación, en la cual se describen las estrategias didácticas y las intenciones formativas de los docentes de Ciencias Básicas, en la Facultad de Ingeniería. La investigación contribuyó al reconocimiento de las estrategias didácticas usadas en los procesos de enseñanza y de aprendizaje en Ciencias Básicas, con relación a la movilización y desarrollo de procesos lógicos de pensamiento, en la Facultad de Ingeniería en la Institución Universitaria de Envigado, y desde esta área, a la formación de futuros profesionales, críticos, analíticos y reflexivos . Permitió como valor agregado, sugerir algunas estrategias para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las Ciencias Básicas, las cuales promuevan la adquisición de conocimiento, mediante el desarrollo de procesos lógicos de pensamiento, necesarios para la formación de seres humanos integrales y profesionales competentes y competitivos

Apoptosis and apoptotic pathway in actinic prurigo by immunohistochemistry

Background: Actinic prurigo (AP) is an idiopathic photodermatosis, this entity requires exposure to UV-B and -A to develop lesions. Apoptosis is a physiological death program that can be initiated by a permanently active mechanism (extrinsic pathway) or irreparable damage (intrinsic pathway). Material and methods: Descriptive study, the sample size comprised 64 paraffin blocks of tissue with a diagnosis of AP. In H&E-stained slides, the diagnosis of AP was corroborated, and 1-µm-thick sections were processed for immunohistochemistry (IHC). A database was constructed with SPSS version 20, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA, and descriptive statistics were analyzed by X2 test and comparison of means. Results: A total of 64 cases were processed, of which 40 (62.5%) were cheilitis AP and 24 (37.5%) were AP in the skin. Of the 40 cheilitis samples, 27 were positive for Bcl-2 and caspase 3 (67.5%), p53 was expressed in 30 (75%). Of the skin lesions, p53 and caspase 3 were expressed in 18 of 24 cases (75%), and 13 were positive for Bcl-2 (54%). Conclusions: We propose that apoptosis is the last step in the type IV subtype a-b hypersensitivity responseactivation of the intrinsic pathway indicates that external factors, such as UV-A and -B are the trigger

Applications of artificial intelligence in dentistry: A comprehensive review

This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Sciences, Innovation and Universities under Projects RTI2018-101674-B-I00 and PGC2018-101904-A-100, University of Granada project A.TEP. 280.UGR18, I+D+I Junta de Andalucia 2020 project P20-00200, and Fapergs/Capes do Brasil grant 19/25510000928-3. Funding for open-access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUAObjective: To perform a comprehensive review of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in dentistry, providing the community with a broad insight on the different advances that these technologies and tools have produced, paying special attention to the area of esthetic dentistry and color research. Materials and methods: The comprehensive review was conducted in MEDLINE/ PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, for papers published in English language in the last 20 years. Results: Out of 3871 eligible papers, 120 were included for final appraisal. Study methodologies included deep learning (DL; n = 76), fuzzy logic (FL; n = 12), and other ML techniques (n = 32), which were mainly applied to disease identification, image segmentation, image correction, and biomimetic color analysis and modeling. Conclusions: The insight provided by the present work has reported outstanding results in the design of high-performance decision support systems for the aforementioned areas. The future of digital dentistry goes through the design of integrated approaches providing personalized treatments to patients. In addition, esthetic dentistry can benefit from those advances by developing models allowing a complete characterization of tooth color, enhancing the accuracy of dental restorations. Clinical significance: The use of AI and ML has an increasing impact on the dental profession and is complementing the development of digital technologies and tools, with a wide application in treatment planning and esthetic dentistry procedures.Spanish Ministry of Sciences, Innovation and Universities RTI2018-101674-B-I00 PGC2018-101904-A-100University of Granada project A.TEP. 280.UGR18Junta de Andalucia P20-00200Fapergs/Capes do Brasil grant 19/25510000928-3Universidad de Granada/CBU

Herramienta computacional para la documentación de pruebas de software enmarcado en actividades de investigación

El presente artículo describe el diseño de una herramienta computacional para la documentación de pruebas de software. La herramienta permite gestionar documentos como el plan maestro de pruebas; los planes de nivel, casos  y procedimientos de prueba; reporte de anomalías y reporte de pruebas, que hacen parte de una adecuada documentación de pruebas de software. Utilizando diagrama de paquetes  y casos de uso se muestra la funcionalidad disponible en la herramienta, la cual ha sido diseñada a partir de la norma IEEE 829

Los Disruptores Endocrinos Como Obesógenos Ambientales: Efectos en Proteínas Adipogénicas Clave

Los disruptores endocrinos (EDC) son compuestos químicos exógenos de origen sintético o natural que interfieren en las funciones hormonales. Se estima que más de 1000 compuestos químicos presentes en el medio ambiente poseen una posible actividad disruptora. La exposición a EDC se ha relacionado con el desarrollo de múltiples enfermedades como la obesidad. Los obesógenos son compuestos químicos xenobióticos que regulan y promueven inadecuadamente la acumulación de lípidos y la adipogénesis. La adipogénesis es el proceso mediante el cual las células progenitoras similares a fibroblastos restringen su destino a las células adipogénicas, acumulan nutrientes y se convierten en adipocitos maduros. Para conocer las principales evidencias científicas de la última década sobre los efectos obesogénicos de los EDC, se realizó una búsqueda en la literatura empleando las plataformas Scopus y Pubmed. El análisis arrojó 60 artículos originales de los cuales 24 fueron seleccionados por brindar información sobre proteínas adipogénicas clave. Los datos muestran que los EDC como los compuestos de organoestaño, ftalatos y bisfenoles estimulan vías de señalización adipogénicas clave mediadas por el receptor activado por el proliferador de peroxisomas-γ y la CCAAT/proteína de unión al potenciador-α, factores similares a krüppel y receptores de hormonas tiroideas, estrógeno y glucocorticoides; en relación a factores como el tipo, la concentración y el período de exposición al disruptor. Además, sus efectos podrían ser potenciados por la presencia de una dieta alta en grasas o una mezcla de diferentes tipos de EDC. En conclusión, los EDC inducen efectos obesogénicos a través de la estimulación de vías de señalización adipogénicas; y se requieren más estudios para comprender los mecanismos moleculares que subyacen a los efectos de los EDC para determinar su relevancia fisiológica y promover aún más su regulación en la industria. Endocrine disruptors (EDC) are exogenous chemical compounds of synthetic or natural origin which interfere with hormonal functions. It is estimated that more than 1000 chemical compounds present in the enviroment have possible disruptive activity. Exposure to endocrine disruptors has been linked to the development of multiple diseases such as obesity. Obesogens are xenobiotic chemical compounds that inappropriately regulate and promote lipid accumulation and adipogenesis. Adipogenesis is the process by which fibroblast-like progenitor cells restrict their fate to adipogenic cells, accumulate nutrients, and develop into mature adipocytes. To know the main scientific evidence from the last decade regarding the obesogenic effects of EDC, a literature research was conducted using Scopus and Pubmed platforms. The analysis showed 60 original articles from which 24 were selected for providing information on key adipogenic proteins. Data shows that EDC such as organotin compounds, phthalates and bisphenols stimulate key adipogenic signaling pathways mediated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ and CCAAT-enhancer binding protein-α, krüppel like factors, and thyroid, estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors; in relation to factors like type, concentration and period of exposure to the disruptor. Furthermore, their effects could be potentiated by the presence of a high fat diet or a mix of diferent types of EDC. In conclusion, EDC induce obesogenic effects through the stimulation of adipogenic signaling pathways; in addition, more studies are required to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie EDC effects to determine their physiological relevance, and to further promote their regulation in the industry

Stimuli Characteristics and Psychophysical Requirements for Visual Training in Amblyopia: A Narrative Review

Active vision therapy using perceptual learning and/or dichoptic or binocular environments has shown its potential effectiveness in amblyopia, but some doubts remain about the type of stimuli and the mode and sequence of presentation that should be used. A search was performed in PubMed, obtaining 143 articles with information related to the stimuli used in amblyopia rehabilitation, as well as to the neural mechanisms implied in such therapeutic process. Visual deficits in amblyopia and their neural mechanisms associated are revised, including visual acuity loss, contrast sensitivity reduction and stereopsis impairment. Likewise, the most appropriate stimuli according to the literature that should be used for an efficient rehabilitation of the amblyopic eye are described in detail, including optotypes, Gabor’s patches, random-dot stimuli and Vernier’s stimuli. Finally, the properties of these stimuli that can be modified during the visual training are discussed, as well as the psychophysical method of their presentation and the type of environment used (perceptual learning, dichoptic stimulation or virtual reality). Vision therapy using all these revised concepts can be an effective option for treating amblyopia or accelerating the treatment period when combining with patching. It is essential to adapt the stimuli to the patient’s individual features in both monocular and binocular training.The authors C.J.H.-R., D.P.P., A.M.-M., D.d.F., L.L.-V., M.B.C.-M. have been funded by CDTI (Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain) and FEDER (Fondos Europeos de Desarrollo Regional) funds by means of the program PID (“Proyectos de Investigación y Desarrollo”) in the context of the Project NEIVATECH (“Neuroplasticity through virtual reality for amblyopia”, application number 111705). The author León Morales-Quezada is supported by funding from the Spaulding Research Catalyst award. The author David P Piñero has been also supported by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness of Spain within the program Ramón y Cajal, RYC-2016-20471

Factors that trigger childhood obesity, a public health problem

Obesity is a global pandemic and children are a vulnerable group. Obesity in childhood and adolescence has a negative impact on the health and burden of diseases at that stage of life and later on in adulthood. Therefore, it is crucial to seek strategies and interventions that prevent overweight and obesity in children and adolescents to improve the health conditions of a country. Aim. To determine the triggers of childhood obesity in Hidalgo as a public health problem in children aged 6 to 12 years. Material and methods. For the study the population relative to the parents will be taken as reference point, being a secondary source, of students of the six grades of primary education that comprise ages of 6 to 12 years. Results. The results show that 100% of people are aware of the concept of childhood obesity, but they continue with bad habits such as sedentary lifestyle and the consumption of junk food. Conclusion. People are aware of what childhood obesity is and the problems or consequences that it brings ith it, however, obesity and sedentary lifestyle predominate in several homes, and despite this knowledge, they do not modify their routine or their diet, Which is very important to prevent chronic degenerative diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis

Entomopathogenic nematology in Latin America: A brief history, current research and future prospects

Since the 1980s, research into entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in Latin America has produced many remarkable discoveries. In fact, 16 out of the 117 recognized species of EPNs have been recovered and described in the subcontinent, with many more endemic species and/or strains remaining to be discovered and identified. In addition, from an applied perspective, numerous technological innovations have been accomplished in relation to their implementation in biocontrol. EPNs have been evaluated against over 170 species of agricultural and urban insects, mites, and plant-parasitic nematodes under laboratory and field conditions. While much success has been recorded, many accomplishments remain obscure, due to their publication in non-English journals, thesis dissertations, conference proceedings, and other non-readily available sources. The present review provides a brief history of EPNs in Latin America, including current findings and future perspectives.Fil: San Blas, Ernesto. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas; VenezuelaFil: Campos Herrera, Raquel. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Dolinski, Claudia. Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro; BrasilFil: Monteiro, Caio. Universidade Federal de Goiás; BrasilFil: Andaló, Vanessa. Universidade Federal de Uberlandia; BrasilFil: Leite, Luis Garrigós. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Rodríguez, Mayra G.. Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria; CubaFil: Morales Montero, Patricia. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas; VenezuelaFil: Sáenz Aponte, Adriana. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; ColombiaFil: Cedano, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo; PerúFil: López Nuñez, Juan Carlos. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones del Café; ColombiaFil: del Valle, Eleodoro Eduardo. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Doucet, Marcelo Edmundo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Lax, Paola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Navarro, Patricia D.. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias; ChileFil: Báez, Francisco. Instituto Nacional Autonomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias; EcuadorFil: Llumiquinga, Pablo. Instituto Nacional Autonomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias; EcuadorFil: Ruiz Vega, Jaime. Instituto Politécnico Nacional ; MéxicoFil: Guerra Moreno, Abby. Laboratorio de Biotecnología; PanamáFil: Stock, S. Patricia. University of Arizona; Estados Unido