285 research outputs found
Particulate matter exposure and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: A systematic review of epidemiological studies
Interaction of cerebrovascular disease and contralateral carotid occlusion in prediction of shunt insertion during carotid endarterectomy
Factors that influence treatment delay in patients with colorectal cancer
A prospective study was performed of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC), distinguishing between colonic and rectal location, to determine the factors that may provoke a delay in the first treatment (DFT) provided.2749 patients diagnosed with CRC were studied. The study population was recruited between June 2010 and December 2012. DFT is defined as time elapsed between diagnosis and first treatment exceeding 30 days.Excessive treatment delay was recorded in 65.5% of the cases, and was more prevalent among rectal cancer patients. Independent predictor variables of DFT in colon cancer patients were a low level of education, small tumour, ex-smoker, asymptomatic at diagnosis and following the application of screening. Among rectal cancer patients, the corresponding factors were primary school education and being asymptomatic.We conclude that treatment delay in CRC patients is affected not only by clinicopathological factors, but also by sociocultural ones. Greater attention should be paid by the healthcare provider to social groups with less formal education, in order to optimise treatment attentio
Impacts of Waste from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations on Water Quality
Waste from agricultural livestock operations has been a long-standing concern with respect to contamination of water resources, particularly in terms of nutrient pollution. However, the recent growth of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) presents a greater risk to water quality because of both the increased volume of waste and to contaminants that may be present (e.g., antibiotics and other veterinary drugs) that may have both environmental and public health importance. Based on available data, generally accepted livestock waste management practices do not adequately or effectively protect water resources from contamination with excessive nutrients, microbial pathogens, and pharmaceuticals present in the waste. Impacts on surface water sources and wildlife have been documented in many agricultural areas in the United States. Potential impacts on human and environmental health from long-term inadvertent exposure to water contaminated with pharmaceuticals and other compounds are a growing public concern. This work-group, which is part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards—Searching for Solutions, identified needs for rigorous ecosystem monitoring in the vicinity of CAFOs and for improved characterization of major toxicants affecting the environment and human health. Last, there is a need to promote and enforce best practices to minimize inputs of nutrients and toxicants from CAFOs into freshwater and marine ecosystems
Declared experiences of risky sexual behaviors in relation to alcohol consumption in the first year of college
Fundamentos: En universitarios, el consumo de alcohol
de mayor riesgo (borracheras y binge drinking (BD), tiene
consecuencias negativas sobre su desarrollo y probablemente
facilita conductas sexuales de riesgo. El objetivo de
este trabajo fue estudiar si las conductas sexuales de riesgo
al consumir alcohol (CSRA) se asocian a los consumos de
mayor riesgo.
Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico transversal con datos
del Proyecto uniHcos, de universitarios de 1er año de 11
universidades españolas, entre los cursos 2011-2012 y 2017-
2018. Datos recogidos mediante cuestionario autoadministrado.
Se realizó un análisis uni y bivariable, evaluando la significación
estadística de las diferencias de prevalencia con
chi-cuadrado. Se utilizó media y desviación típica para variables
cuantitativas y como estadístico de contraste t de Student.
Resultados: 9.862 participantes (72,2% mujeres). El
90,3% consumió alcohol y el 60,9% tuvo borracheras en último
año; el 49% tuvo BD en el último mes. El consumo en
el último mes y las borracheras fueron mayores en hombres
y < 21 años. Las CSRA fueron superiores entre los que se
emborracharon (15,7% sexo sin protección, 1,9% abuso sexual
y 0,7% aprovecharse sexualmente) y consumieron en
BD (17,1%, 1,9% y 0,7%). Las mujeres con ambos consumos
de riesgo presentaron más abusos sexuales (2,2%), y los
hombres fueron quienes más se aprovecharon sexualmente de
otros (borracheras:1,2%; BD: 1,3%).
Conclusiones: El consumo de alcohol está por encima
de grupos similares. El BD tiene un patrón similar por género
y edad. Las CSRA se asocian a los consumos de mayor riesgo,
no detectándose en este grupo diferencias por género en sexo
sin protección, sí en otras CSRA.Objective: In college students, higher risk alcohol consumption (drunkenness and binge drinking-BD) has negative consequences on their development and and probably facilitates risk sexual behaviors. The objective was to study if risky sexual behaviors when consuming alcohol (RSBA) are associated with higher risk consumption.
Methods: Cross-sectional multicenter study with UniHcos Project, 1st year university students from 11 universities in Spain, academic years 2011-2012 to 2017-2018 data. This data were collected by self-administered questionnaire. A uni and bivariate analysis was performed, evaluated the statistical significance of the differences in prevalence with chi-square. Mean and standard deviation were used for quantitative variables and Student's t test statistic was used.
Results: 9,862 subjects (72.2% women). 90.3% reported having consumed alcohol and 60.9% had drunk the last year, 49% BD in last month. It was deteded in men, significantly higher consumption in the last month and drunkenness. Last month consumption and drunkenness were significantly higher in men and in <21 years. The RSBA were significantly higher among who were drunk (15.7% unprotected sex, 1.9% sexual abuse and 0.7% taking sexual advantage) and had BD (17.1%, 1.9% and 0.7 %). Women with both risk consumptions had more sexual abuse (2.2%), and men had greater behaviors of taking sexual advantage of someone (drunk: 1.2%; BD: 1.3%).
Conclusions: Alcohol consumption was above similar groups. BD consumption was similar by gender and age. Risk sexual behaviors appear mainly in problematic consumption. Gender differences are not detected in alcohol consumers in unprotected sex but deteded in the rest.Financiación: El estudio ha sido financiado por el Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas del Ministerio de Salud, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad. Convocatoria de 2010 y de 2013. (Códigos: 2010/145 and 2013/034) y por el Instituto de Salud Carlos III a través de la convocatoria del FIS (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria) de 2016 (PI16/01947)
Socio-occupational status and congenital anomalies
Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between socio-occupational status and the frequency of major congenital anomalies in offspring. Methods: The study population comprised 81 435 live singletons born to mothers enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort between 1996 and 2002. A total of 3352 cases of major congenital anomalies (EUROCAT criteria) were identified by linkage to the National Hospital Discharge Register. Malformations were recorded at birth or in the first year of life. Information about maternal and paternal socio-occupational status was collected prospectively using telephone interviews in the second trimester of pregnancy and was categorized as high, middle or low. Associations were measured as relative prevalence ratios using the highest socio-occupational status within the couple as the reference group. Results: The prevalence of all recorded major congenital anomalies was similar, about 4%, in all the socio-occupational categories. Low social status of the couple did, however, correlate with a higher prevalence of congenital anomalies of the ‘respiratory system’. No association was substantially attenuated when we adjusted for maternal and paternal age, smoking status, maternal alcohol habits, folic acid intake and body mass index. When malformations of the heart and the cardiovascular system were grouped together, they were more frequent in families where both parents presented a low socio-occupational status. Conclusion: We detected an association between low socio-occupational status and congenital anomalies of the respiratory system, the heart and the circulatory system. These malformations are good candidates for a large study on occupational, environmental and social determinants
Prevention of sexual violence through research as a pedagogical strategy in basic education
La violencia sexual es una problemática de salud
pública que viene en aumento, convirtiéndose en un
flagelo nacional, presentándose especialmente al interior del núcleo familiar, pero se manifiesta también
en las diversas instituciones del colectivo social. El estudio busco prevenir la violencia sexual mediante la
investigación como estrategia pedagógica en educación
básica. Se guio bajo el enfoque de Investigación como
estrategia pedagógica. Donde se utilizaron herramientas como diario de campo y observación participante.
La unidad de análisis estuvo conformada por cuarenta (40) estudiantes de la IED Francisco de Paula
Santander, Sede Simón Bolívar de Fundación-Magdalena. Los resultados evidenciaron que los alumnos no
tenían conocimientos previos sobre violencia sexual, luego de la integración de la IEP al aula de clase desde el
área de sociales se logró la apropiación y socialización
de los conocimientos adquiridos a través del proceso de
indagación por parte de los estudiantes con el apoyo
docente.Sexual violence is a problem of public health that
is increasing, becoming a national scourge, appearing especially within the family nucleus,
but also manifested in the various institutions
of the social collective. The study sought to
prevent sexual violence through research as a
pedagogical strategy in basic education. It was
guided under the Research approach as a pedagogical strategy. Where tools were used as field
diary and participant observation. The analysis
unit consisted of forty (40) students of the IED
Francisco de Paula Santander, Simón Bolívar
campus of Fundación- Magdalena. The results
showed that the students did not have previous
knowledge about sexual violence, after the integration of the IEP into the classroom from the
social area, the appropriation and socialization
of the acquired knowledge was achieved through
the process of inquiry by the students. students
with teacher support
Spanish version of SPADI (shoulder pain and disability index) in musculoskeletal shoulder pain: a new 10-items version after confirmatory factor analysis
Detection methods predict differences in biology and survival in breast cancer patients
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to measure the biological characteristics involved in tumorigenesis and the progression of breast cancer in symptomatic and screen-detected carcinomas to identify possible differences.MethodsFor this purpose, we evaluated clinical-pathological parameters and proliferative and apoptotic activities in a series of 130 symptomatic and 161 screen-detected tumors.ResultsAfter adjustment for the smaller size of the screen-detected carcinomas compared with symptomatic cancers, those detected in the screening program presented longer disease-free survival (RR = 0.43, CI = 0.19-0.96) and had high estrogen and progesterone receptor concentrations more often than did symptomatic cancers (OR = 3.38, CI = 1.72-6.63 and OR = 3.44, CI = 1.94-6.10, respectively). Furthermore, the expression of bcl-2, a marker of good prognosis in breast cancer, was higher and HER2/neu expression was lower in screen-detected cancers than in symptomatic cancers (OR = 1.77, CI = 1.01-3.23 and OR = 0.64, CI = 0.40-0.98, respectively). However, when comparing prevalent vs incident screen-detected carcinomas, prevalent tumors were larger (OR = 2.84, CI = 1.05-7.69), were less likely to be HER2/neu positive (OR = 0.22, CI = 0.08-0.61) and presented lower Ki67 expression (OR = 0.36, CI = 0.17-0.77). In addition, incident tumors presented a shorter survival time than did prevalent ones (RR = 4.88, CI = 1.12-21.19).ConclusionsIncident carcinomas include a variety of screen-detected carcinomas that exhibit differences in biology and prognosis relative to prevalent carcinomas. The detection method is important and should be taken into account when making therapy decisions
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