Pairs seen by lactation consultants and cessation of exclusive breastfeeding in the first month

Objective: To analyze the survival of exclusive breastfeeding and the factors associated with its cessation in the first month among pairs seen by a lactation consulting team. Method: This is a prospective cohort conducted with mother-infant pairs treated at the Hospital de Clínicas of Porto Alegre. Results: The sample consisted of 150 pairs. The survival curve indicates that 52.9% of the children remained on exclusive breastfeeding. The hierarchical model was constructed in four levels, and the factors associated with the cessation of exclusive breastfeeding were the milk supplementation during hospitalization, breast problems after hospital discharge and use of pacifiers. Conclusion: Awareness of these factors favors the early detection of pairs that may be predisposed to cessation of exclusive breastfeeding, who require greater support, dedication and care

Evaluation of MOD16 algorithm over irrigated rice paddy using flux tower measurements in Southern Brazil

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of the hydrological cycle. Understanding the ET process has become of fundamental importance given the scenario of global change and increasing water use, especially in the agricultural sector. Determining ET over large agricultural areas is a limiting factor due to observational data availability. In this regard, remote sensing data has been used to estimate ET. In this study, we evaluated the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface ET product estimates (hereafter MOD16 ET - MODIS Global Terrestrial Evapotranspiration Product) over two rice paddy areas in Southern Brazil, through the ET measured using the eddy covariance technique (hereafter EC). The energy balance components were evaluated during fallow and flooded seasons showing latent heat flux dominates in both seasons. The results showed that MOD16 ET underestimated EC measurements. Overall, the RMSE (root mean square error) ranged between 13.40 and 16.35 mm 8-day-1 and percent bias (PBIAS) ranged between -33.7% and -38.7%. We also assessed the ET (measured and estimated) main drivers, with EC yielding higher correlation against observed net radiation (Rn) and global radiation (Rg), followed by air temperature (Temp) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), whilst MOD16 ET estimates yielded higher correlation against leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR). The MOD16 algorithm was forced with meteorological measurements but the results did not improve as expected, suggesting a low sensitivity to meteorological inputs. Our results indicated when a water layer was present over the soil surface without vegetation (LAI around zero), the largest differences between EC measurements and MOD16 ET were found. In this period, the expected domain of soil evaporation was not observed in MOD16 ET physical processes partition, indicating the algorithm was not able to detect areas with high soil moisture. In general, the MOD16 ET product presented low accuracy when compared against experimental measurements over flooded rice paddy, suggesting more studies are necessary, in order to reduce uncertainties associated to the land cover conditions

A atenção farmacêutica na prática da polimedicação pela população idosa no Brasil: Pharmaceutical attention in the pratice of polyamedication by the elderly population in Brazil

Com o aumento da longevidade e expectativa da população mundial, há o crescimento também de patologias e comorbidades, acarretando na prática desenfreada da polimedicação ou polifarmácia. Realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre a atenção farmacêutica na polimedicação da população idosa no Brasil. Estudo de revisão integrativa, de cunho exploratório, qualitativo, transversal e descritivo, investigados nas bases de dados científicas: Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências das Saúde (LILACS) e National Library os Medicine (MEDLINE), partindo dos descritores em Ciências da saúde (DeCS): “Polimedicação”, “Atenção farmacêutica” e “idosos”, no recorte temporal de 2017 a 2022. Foram selecionados artigos que retrataram que a prática da polimedicação é comum na população idosa, a atenção farmacêutica atua para minimizar os problemas relacionados ao medicamento. Assim, a atuação do farmacêutico é importante para a promoção de saúde e uso racional de medicamentos para a população idosa no Brasil

Terapia de reposição hormonal como fator de risco para desenvolvimento de Câncer de mama: Hormone replacement therapy as a risk for developing breast Cancer

O climatério é a fase de transição da mulher entre os períodos reprodutivo e não reprodutivo e ocorre devido à redução da produção do estrogênio entre os 40 e 65 anos de idade. A terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH) tem o intuito de repor os níveis de estrogênio, sendo feita com o estrogênio associado ou não a progesterona e, assim, reduzir sintomas, como fogachos, sudorese intensa, dispareunia, atrofia vaginal, diminuição da libido, irritabilidade e insônia. No entanto, alguns estudos foram feitos e observaram que tais fármacos poderiam aumentar o risco de desenvolver neoplasia mamári

Plantas medicinais que atuam no sistema endócrino: evidências clínicas no uso de bauhinia forficata e glycine max

The endocrine system is the system responsible for regulating and coordinating the most varied functions of the human body through hormone-secreting glands and, like any system in the body, it is subject to suffering from pathologies and disorders capable of significantly affecting its balance such as: diabetes mellitus and climacteric. In this scenario, medicinal plants such as Bauhinia forficata and Glycine max can present themselves as an effective therapeutic alternative, as they contain, in their structures, active substances with the ability to treat these disorders, in addition to being accessible to the affected population. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the proven therapeutic effects, through scientific articles, of Bauhinia forficata and Glycine max in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and climacteric symptoms. The methodology of this work consisted of a bibliographical review using the descriptors "Bauhinia forficata", "Diabetes mellitus", "Glycine max", "Climatério" and "Isoflavones" searched on the data platforms Google Academic, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde and Lilacs for articles published between 2013 and 2022. From the studies analyzed, the results obtained were that these plants, in fact, have therapeutic properties and that it is important to know and understand them, through more detailed studies, so that they can provide safety and efficacy in treatment. Therefore, Bauhinia forficata and Glycine max can be considered vegetables with proven therapeutic effects and of great importance for the population. O sistema endócrino é o sistema responsável por regular e coordenar as mais variadas funções do organismo humano por meio de glândulas secretoras de hormônios e, assim como qualquer sistema do organismo, ele está sujeito a sofrer com patologias e distúrbios capazes de afetar significativamente o seu equilíbrio como: o diabetes mellitus e o climatério. Nesse cenário, plantas medicinais como a Bauhinia forficata e a Glycine max podem se apresentar como uma alternativa terapêutica eficaz, pois elas possuem, em suas estruturas, substâncias ativas com a capacidade de tratar esses distúrbios, além de serem acessíveis para a população acometida. Diante disso, este estudo tem por objetivo investigar os efeitos terapêuticos comprovados, por meio de artigos científicos, da Bauhinia forficata e da Glycine max no tratamento do diabetes mellitus e dos sintomas do climatério, respectivamente. A metodologia deste trabalho consistiu em uma revisão bibliográfica utilizando os descritores "Bauhinia forficata", "Diabetes mellitus", "Glycine max", "Climatério" e "Isoflavonas" pesquisados nas plataformas de dados Google Acadêmico, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Lilacs para artigos publicados entre 2013 e 2022. A partir dos estudos analisados, os resultados obtidos foram que essas plantas, de fato, apresentam propriedades terapêuticas e que é importante conhecê-las e entendê-las, por meio de estudos mais detalhados, para que possam proporcionar segurança e eficácia no tratamento. Portanto, a Bauhinia forficata e a Glycine max podem ser considerados vegetais com efeitos terapêuticos comprovados e de grande importância para a população

Reproductive success or failure in four breed groups of beef bulls

The objective of this study was to determine the main causes of failure in bull breeding using a soundness evaluation in Rio Grande do Sul State/Brazil. We evaluated 19,836 bulls from 15 different breeds with ages ranging from two to eight years. The failures of bulls in each step were analyzed by logistic regression. The binary logistic regression was applied because the response variable had only two responses: Success (1) and Failure (0). Older bulls are more likely to be rejected than are younger bulls, regardless of their genetic group. Depending on the step of the assessment, one or another group is rejected. All steps of bull breeding soundness evaluation (BBSE) are important, with special attention to the failures of the behavioral evaluation (libido and physical ability). A BBSE performed before the breeding season reduces the risk of sub-fertile bulls in the herd

DIVERSIDAD DE ARTRÓPODOS DE LA FAUNA EDÁFICA EN EL AGROECOSISTEMA DE YUCA EN CAMETÁ, PARÁ

Cultivo de mandioca é característico da Amazônia, onde, seu modo peculiar de implantação, com a presença constante de artrópodes, possibilita o avanço de estudos nestas áreas, principalmente devido ao fato destes organismos serem bioindicadores. Este trabalho tem por objetivo determinar a diversidade de artrópodes em cultivo de mandioca. A pesquisa foi realizada no município de Cametá-PA, entre os meses de janeiro a maio de 2018 por meio de amostragens dos artrópodes, triagem e posterior tratamento estatístico com o software Past 3.20. Foram coletados 945 indivíduos, sendo as ordens Coleoptera e Orthoptera com maior riqueza de espécies. Os índices de diversidades se apresentaram altos, denotando uma área com equilíbrio ecológico, permitindo concluir que fatores como diversidade de plantas adventícias e diversidade no entorno influenciaram os índices.                                                                             PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Agricultura familiar, Artropodofauna, Índices ecológicos.Cultivation of cassava is characteristic of Amazonia, where its peculiar way of implantation, with the constant presence of arthropods, makes it possible to advance studies in these areas, mainly due to the fact that these organisms are bioindicators. This work aims to determine the diversity of arthropods in cassava cultivation. The research was carried out in the municipality of Cametá-PA, between January and May of 2018 by sampling of arthropods, sorting and subsequent statistical treatment with the software Past 3.20. A total of 945 individuals were collected, with Coleoptera and Orthoptera having the highest species richness. Diversity indexes were high, denoting an area with ecological balance, allowing to conclude that factors such as diversity of adventitious plants and diversity in the environment influenced the indexes. KEYWORDS: Arthropodofauna, Ecological indexes, Family farming.El cultivo de la yuca es característico de la Amazonía, donde su peculiar modo de implantación, con la presencia constante de artrópodos, permite el avance de los estudios en estas áreas, principalmente debido a que estos organismos son bioindicadores. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar la diversidad de artrópodos en el cultivo de yuca. La investigación se realizó en la ciudad de Cametá-PA, de enero a mayo de 2018 mediante muestreo de artrópodos, detección y tratamiento estadístico posterior con el software Past 3.20. Se recolectó un total de 945 individuos, siendo los pedidos Coleoptera y Orthoptera con mayor riqueza de especies. Los índices de diversidad fueron altos, denotando un área con equilibrio ecológico, lo que permitió concluir que factores como la diversidad de plantas adventicias y la diversidad circundante influyeron en los índices. PALABRAS CLAVES: Agricultura familiar, Artropodofauna, Índices ecológicos

Engineering Zymomonas mobilis for the production of xylonic acid from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate

Sugarcane bagasse is an agricultural residue rich in xylose, which may be used as a feedstock for the production of high-value-added chemicals, such as xylonic acid, an organic acid listed as one of the top 30 value-added chemicals on a NREL report. Here, Zymomonas mobilis was engineered for the first time to produce xylonic acid from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate. Seven coding genes for xylose dehydrogenase (XDH) were tested. The expression of XDH gene from Paraburkholderia xenovorans allowed the highest production of xylonic acid (26.17 ± 0.58 g L−1) from 50 g L−1 xylose in shake flasks, with a productivity of 1.85 ± 0.06 g L−1 h −1 and a yield of 1.04 ± 0.04 gAX/gX. Deletion of the xylose reductase gene further increased the production of xylonic acid to 56.44 ± 1.93 g L−1 from 54.27 ± 0.26 g L−1 xylose in a bioreactor. Strain performance was also evaluated in sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate as a cheap feedstock, which resulted in the production of 11.13 g L−1 xylonic acid from 10 g L−1 xylose. The results show that Z. mobilis may be regarded as a potential platform for the production of organic acids from cheap lignocellulosic biomass in the context of biorefineries

Predictors of rescue percutaneous coronary intervention after pharmacoinvasive strategy in women

AbstractBackgroundPharmacoinvasive therapy (PIT) is feasible in patients with acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (STEMI) when timely primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unavailable. In this study, we compared women who underwent successful reperfusion PIT with those who required rescue PCI, to identify potential predictors of thrombolytic failure.MethodsFrom January 2010 to November 2014, 327 consecutive women with STEMI were referred to a tertiary hospital, 206 after successful thrombolysis (63%) and 121 who required rescue PCI. The groups were compared regarding demographic, clinical and angiographic outcomes, and clinical (TIMI, GRACE, and ZWOLLE CADILLAC) and bleeding (CRUSADE) risk scores. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of thrombolytic failure.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the demographic characteristics or the medical history of the groups. Rescue PCI group had significantly higher values of the evaluated scores. Clinical hospital complications and mortality (2.5% vs. 22.0%; p < 0.0001) were more frequent in rescue PCI group. The independent variables associated with rescue PCI were pain-to-needle time > 3h (OR: 3.07, 95%CI: 1.64 to 5.75; p < 0.0001), ZWOLLE score (OR: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.14 to 1.37; p = 0.0001) and creatinine clearance (OR: 1.009, 95%CI: 1.0 to 1.02; p = 0.04).ConclusionsWomen with STEMI who underwent PIT and who required rescue PCI had significantly higher mortality compared to those who achieved initial success of PIT with elective PCI. Pain-to-needle time > 3h, ZWOLLE score and creatinine clearance were independent predictors of the need for rescue PCI

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF PLANTS USED IN THE MIDDLE XINGU REGION AMAZON FOREST

Introduction: The Amazonian peoples have medicinal knowledge built by symbiosis with the forest. This fact reinforces the importance of studies on the traditional use of natural products, describing the plants used for medicinal purposes. Therefore, this work aimed to carry out an ethnopharmacological survey of plants used by residents of the middle Xingu region, Pará, Brazil. Methods: Questionnaires based on the therapeutic use of plants were used. Results: 36 people were interviewed and 38 plants were described. Of the cataloged species, there was a greater number used in the treatment of infectious, digestive and circulatory diseases, with 21 plant species cited for the treatment of these diseases (the Lamiaceae family was the most cited with popular names). Other families demonstrated use associated with the treatment of infectious and parasitic diseases: Acanthaceae, Annonaceae, Bignoniaceae, Costaceae, Crassulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Lecythidaceae, Plantaginaceae, Portulacaceae, Rubiaceae, Smilacaceae, Solanaceae, Urticaceae, Vitaceae and Zingiberaceae. With endocrine and nutritional functions, species of the Amaranthaceae family were listed. For skin diseases, the Portulacaceae and Vitaceae families. Discussion/Conclusions: The results showed that traditional healers have some knowledge about different diseases. However, scientific investigations are needed regarding the effects and toxicity of the herbal medicines used to treat them