Uso da citologia de impressão para a detecção de células de neoplasia escamosa da superfície ocular insuspeita em pterígios

Purpose: To evaluate the agreement between the methodologies of impression cytology (IC) and histopathology regarding epithelial lesions clinically diagnosed as pterygium and also regarding the detection of unsuspected and associated ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). Methods: Thirty-two Brazilian patients were included and IC was performed on all pterygia before excision. Histopathogical examination was considered the gold standard and was performed by two experienced ocular pathologists in which consensus existed regarding pterygia diagnosis. IC accuracy was assessed by sensitivity and specificity with a 95% confidence interval. Results: From the 32 primary lesions studied, histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of pterygium without atypical cells in 19 cases (60%) and showed unsuspected and associated OSSN cells in 13 cases (40%). IC demonstrated one false-negative and one false-positive result for atypia. Statistical analysis showed an estimated sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 94%, positive predictive value of 92%, and negative predictive value of 94%. Conclusion: IC demonstrated high agreement with histopathological analysis in the detection of atypical epithelial cells in unsuspected OSSN in Brazilian pterygia patients.Objetivo: Avaliar a concordância entre a citologia de impressão (CI) e os achados histopatológicos de lesões epiteliais clinicamente diagnosticadas como pterígio, no que tange a detecção de células de neoplasia escamosa da superfície ocular (NESO) insuspeita associada. Métodos: Trinta e dois pacientes brasileiros foram incluídos e a CI foi obtida de todos os pterígios antes da excisão. O exame histopatológico foi realizado por dois patologistas oculares experientes em consenso de opinião e considerado o padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico. A acurácia da CI foi avaliada pela sensibilidade e especificidade com intervalo de confiança de 95% Resultados: Das 32 lesões estudadas, o exame histopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico de pterígio sem atipia em 19 casos (60%) e mostrou células de NESO insuspeita associada em 13 espécimes (40%). A CI demonstrou um resultado falso-positivo e um falso-negativo para atipia. A análise estatística mostrou uma sensibilidade estimada de 92%, especificidade de 94%, valor preditivo positivo de 92% e valor preditivo negativo de 94%. Conclusão: A CI apresentou alta concordância com o estudo histopatológico na detecção de células epiteliais atípicas de NESO insuspeita em pterígios do Brasil.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM)UNIFESP, EPMSciEL

The Photopic Negative Response: An Objective Measure of Retinal Ganglion Cell Function in Patients With Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

Purpose: The photopic negative response (PhNR) is a slow negative component of a flash photopic full-field ERG that has been shown to be specific for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) activity. Direct evaluation of RGC function is desirable in patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) in which the loss of central acuity can make it difficult to monitor patients with standard metrics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of PhNR as an objective noninvasive clinical metric in LHON.Methods: Full-field photopic ERG recordings were collected in subjects with the mt.11778G>A/ND4 LHON mutation using a red on blue stimulus. The PhNR was identified using a computer-based automated detection system, and data were manually examined to remove movement artifacts.Results: The PhNR amplitude was compared between controls (n = 13), carriers (n = 17), and affected (n = 6). Mean PhNR amplitude decreased significantly across groups (P < 0.0001). Post hoc Tukey's test revealed a significant decrease in PhNR amplitude between carriers and controls (P < 0.05) and between carriers and affected (P < 0.01).Conclusions: We are able to demonstrate that the PhNR amplitude is significantly decreased in patients affected by LHON compared to carriers in a well-described pedigree. Surprisingly, there was also a decrease in PhNR in carriers, suggesting potential subclinical RGC dysfunction in some carriers. This is important in patients affected with LHON who typically have a dense central scotoma. The PhNR may be a useful objective outcome measure for future clinical trials

Propriedades físicas em Cambissolo Háplico manejado sob o sistema integração lavoura-pecuária

Animal trampling is one of the major causes of soil compaction in areas subjected to integrated croplivestock system. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of winter annual pasture grazing, in crop-livestock system, and other winter soil uses on soil compaction. The experiment was carried out from May 2006 to February 2007 at three sites of the North Plateau of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Five winter treatments were investigated on each site: 1) intercropping with black oat + ryegrass + vetch + arrow leaf clover without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (multicropping cover); 2) the same intercropping, with grazing and 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, (grazing with N); 3) the same intercropping, with grazing and without nitrogen fertilization (grazing without N); 4) oil seed radish, without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (oil seed radish); and 5) natural vegetation, without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (fallow). Undisturbed cores were collected from the layers 2 to 7 cm and 10 to 15 cm, at three times: experiments implantation (May 2006), at maize sowing in succession of winter soil use (November 2006) and close to maize physiological maturity (February 2007). Soil total porosity, bulk density and soil resistance to penetration were evaluated in these samples. According to the environmental and management conditions, as well as the time of experimentation, the livestock presence in winter pastures, winter cover crops and fallow did not affect the variables related to soil compaction.A presença de animais em áreas cultivadas sob o sistema integração lavoura-pecuária pode ocasionar compactação superficial do solo devido ao pisoteio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de pastagem anual de inverno, sob o sistema integração lavoura-pecuária, e de outras formas de uso do solo no inverno na compactação do solo. Foi conduzido um experimento em três locais, de maio de 2006 a fevereiro de 2007, na região do Planalto Norte de Santa Catarina. Foram avaliados cinco tratamentos de inverno: 1) consórcio de aveia preta + azevém + ervilhaca + trevo vesiculoso manejado sem pastejo e sem adubação nitrogenada (consórcio cobertura); 2) o mesmo consórcio, com pastejo e com 100 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura (pastagem com N); 3) o mesmo consórcio, com pastejo e sem adubação nitrogenada (pastagem sem N); 4) nabo forrageiro, sem pastejo e sem adubação nitrogenada (nabo forrageiro); e 5) pousio, sem pastejo e sem adubação nitrogenada (pousio). Amostras de solo com estrutura preservada foram coletadas nas camadas de 2 a 7 cm e de 10 a 15 cm, na implantação do experimento (maio de 2006), na semeadura do milho cultivado em sucessão (novembro de 2006) e próximo à maturação fisiológica do milho (fevereiro de 2007). Nestas amostras determinaram-se a porosidade total, a densidade do solo e a resistência do solo à penetração. Sob as condições de ambiente e de manejo da pesquisa, não houve diferença entre a presença de bovinos em pastagem anual de inverno, o cultivo de coberturas invernais e o pousio para as variáveis relacionadas à compactação do solo

Promover os direitos das crianças - apostar na construção de melhores políticas públicas para a criança

Comunicação apresentada no 3º Encontro de Conhecimento e Cooperação, INA, Lisboa, 17 de setembro de 201

Multi-Objective Optimization Techniques to Solve the Economic Emission Load Dispatch Problem Using Various Heuristic and Metaheuristic Algorithms

The main objective of thermoelectric power plants is to meet the power demand with the lowest fuel cost and emission levels of pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions, considering the operational restrictions of the power plant. Optimization techniques have been widely used to solve engineering problems as in this case with the objective of minimizing the cost and the pollution damages. Heuristic and metaheuristic algorithms have been extensively studied and used to successfully solve this multi-objective problem. This chapter, several optimization techniques (simulated annealing, ant lion, dragonfly, NSGA II, and differential evolution) are analyzed and their application to economic-emission load dispatch (EELD) is also discussed. In addition, a comparison of all approaches and its results are offered through a case study

Evaluation of qPCR-Based Assays for Leprosy Diagnosis Directly in Clinical Specimens

The increased reliability and efficiency of the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) makes it a promising tool for performing large-scale screening for infectious disease among high-risk individuals. To date, no study has evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of different qPCR assays for leprosy diagnosis using a range of clinical samples that could bias molecular results such as difficult-to-diagnose cases. In this study, qPCR assays amplifying different M. leprae gene targets, sodA, 16S rRNA, RLEP and Ag 85B were compared for leprosy differential diagnosis. qPCR assays were performed on frozen skin biopsy samples from a total of 62 patients: 21 untreated multibacillary (MB), 26 untreated paucibacillary (PB) leprosy patients, as well as 10 patients suffering from other dermatological diseases and 5 healthy donors. To develop standardized protocols and to overcome the bias resulted from using chromosome count cutoffs arbitrarily defined for different assays, decision tree classifiers were used to estimate optimum cutoffs and to evaluate the assays. As a result, we found a decreasing sensitivity for Ag 85B (66.1%), 16S rRNA (62.9%), and sodA (59.7%) optimized assay classifiers, but with similar maximum specificity for leprosy diagnosis. Conversely, the RLEP assay showed to be the most sensitive (87.1%). Moreover, RLEP assay was positive for 3 samples of patients originally not diagnosed as having leprosy, but these patients developed leprosy 5–10 years after the collection of the biopsy. In addition, 4 other samples of patients clinically classified as non-leprosy presented detectable chromosome counts in their samples by the RLEP assay suggesting that those patients either had leprosy that was misdiagnosed or a subclinical state of leprosy. Overall, these results are encouraging and suggest that RLEP assay could be useful as a sensitive diagnostic test to detect M. leprae infection before major clinical manifestations

ATLANTIC-CAMTRAPS: a dataset of medium and large terrestrial mammal communities in the Atlantic Forest of South America

Our understanding of mammal ecology has always been hindered by the difficulties of observing species in closed tropical forests. Camera trapping has become a major advance for monitoring terrestrial mammals in biodiversity rich ecosystems. Here we compiled one of the largest datasets of inventories of terrestrial mammal communities for the Neotropical region based on camera trapping studies. The dataset comprises 170 surveys of medium to large terrestrial mammals using camera traps conducted in 144 areas by 74 studies, covering six vegetation types of tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of South America (Brazil and Argentina), and present data on species composition and richness. The complete dataset comprises 53,438 independent records of 83 species of mammals, includes 10 species of marsupials, 15 rodents, 20 carnivores, eight ungulates and six armadillos. Species richness averaged 13 species (±6.07 SD) per site. Only six species occurred in more than 50% of the sites: the domestic dog Canis familiaris, crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous, tayra Eira barbara, south American coati Nasua nasua, crab-eating raccoon Procyon cancrivorus and the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus. The information contained in this dataset can be used to understand macroecological patterns of biodiversity, community, and population structure, but also to evaluate the ecological consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and trophic interactions. © 2017 by the Ecological Society of Americ