Invirtiendo en capital natural: un marco para integrar la sostenibilidad ambiental en las políticas de cooperación

Tomando en cuenta la magnitud de la crisis ambiental que afecta al planeta y los estrechos vínculos existentes entre la conservación de los ecosistemas y la lucha contra la pobreza, cabría preguntarse por qué los temas de protección del medio ambiente continúan teniendo un peso relativo tan bajo en las agendas y prioridades de las agencias de cooperación internacional. En este artículo, se analizan las razones de este desequilibrio y se propone un marco conceptual con base socio-ecológica para facilitar una verdadera integración de la sostenibilidad ambiental como prioridad estratégica en las políticas y herramientas de ayuda oficial al desarrollo. Varios paradigmas y principios fundamentales emanan de este nuevo marco conceptual, que considera a los ecosistemas funcionales como un capital natural que, adecuadamente gestionado, es capaz de producir un rico y variado flujo de servicios sobre los cuales es posible construir un proceso de desarrollo social, económica y ambientalmente sostenible, además de justo en términos de equidad intra e intergeneracional

Las taxocenosis de coleópteros acuáticos como indicadores ecológicos en el río Rivera de Huelva (Sevilla): Aspectos metodológicos

Se ha realizado un estudio ecológico descriptivo, con técnicas de muestreo estratificado y selectivo, de los biotopos acuáticos del río Rivera de Huelva (Sevilla), mediante la aplicación de técnicas de análisis factorial a las abundancias relativas de las taxocenosis de coleópteros acuáticos y a las medidas de nueve factores físico-químicos del medio (altura sobre el nivel del mar, corriente, profundidad, trainsparencia, temperatura del agua, pH, alcalinidad, cloruros y oxígeno). Se han determinado un total de 59 especies, pertenecientes a ocho familias de coleópteros acuáticos. Los biotopos acuáticos estudiados presentan un gradiente de variación, cuyos extremos vienen, marcados por la altura, corriente, contenido en oxígeno y transparencia, frente a profundidad, temperatura del agua, pH, alcalinidad y cloruros. No ha sido posible obtener grupos de coleópteros acuáticos de claro valor indicador, debido a que los biotopos acuáticos estudiados muestran una marcada diversificación en microhabitats a la que responden, fundamentalmente en cuanto a disponibilidad del alimento, los organismos estudiados. El muestreo homogeneizado en todo el biotopo no ha permitido detectar estas características. Se insiste en los aspectos metodológicos referentes al muestreo, al tratamiento de la información y a la selección de la unidad ecológica en la que realizar medidas de factores físico-químicos y estimas de abundancia de las taxocenosis que van a ser estudiadas.On a fait une étude écologique descriptive des biotopos aquatiques du fleuve Rivera de Huelva (Séville), par des techniques d'échantillonnage stratifié et sélectif, moyennant l'application de techniques d'analyses factorielles («factor analysis») aux abondances relatives des taxocénoses de coléoptéres aquatiques et aux mesures de neuf facteurs physico-chimiques du milieu (hauteur sur le niveau de la mer, courants, profondeur, transparence, température de l'eau, pH, alcalinité, chlorures et oxygéne). Les biotopos aquatiques étudiés présentent un gradient de variation dont les extremes sont marqués par la hauteur, les courants, la quantité d'oxygéne et la transparence face a la profondeur, la température de l'eau, pH, l'alcalinité et les chlorures. II nous a été impossible d'obtenir des groupes de coléoptéres aquatiques d'une claire valeur indicative, dü á ce que les biotopos aquatiques étudiés montrent une diversification tres marquée en microhabitats. Les organismes étudiés répondent a la dite diversification quant a la disponibilité de la nourriture fondamentalement. L'échantillonnage homogéneisé dans tout le biotopo nous a empéché de détecter ees caractéristiques. On a insiste sur les aspects méthodologiques, référants a l'échantillonnage, sur le traitement de l'information et sur la sélection de l'unité écologique oü l'on réalise des mesures de facteurs physico-chimiques et des estimes d'abondance des taxocénosesétudiées

The CALIFA survey across the Hubble sequence Spatially resolved stellar population properties in galaxies

Various different physical processes contribute to the star formation and stellar mass assembly histories of galaxies. One important approach to understanding the significance of these different processes on galaxy evolution is the study of the stellar population content of today’s galaxies in a spatially resolved manner. The aim of this paper is to characterize in detail the radial structure of stellar population properties of galaxies in the nearby universe, based on a uniquely large galaxy sample, considering the quality and coverage of the data. The sample under study was drawn from the CALIFA survey and contains 300 galaxies observed with integral field spectroscopy. These cover a wide range of Hubble types, from spheroids to spiral galaxies, while stellar masses range from M? ∼ 109 to 7 × 1011 M . We apply the fossil record method based on spectral synthesis techniques to recover the following physical properties for each spatial resolution element in our target galaxies: the stellar mass surface density (µ?), stellar extinction (AV ), light-weighted and mass-weighted ages (hlog ageiL, hlog ageiM), and mass-weighted metallicity (hlog Z?iM). To study mean trends with overall galaxy properties, the individual radial profiles are stacked in seven bins of galaxy morphology (E, S0, Sa, Sb, Sbc, Sc, and Sd). We confirm that more massive galaxies are more compact, older, more metal rich, and less reddened by dust. Additionally, we find that these trends are preserved spatially with the radial distance to the nucleus. Deviations from these relations appear correlated with Hubble type: earlier types are more compact, older, and more metal rich for a given M?, which is evidence that quenching is related to morphology, but not driven by mass. Negative gradients of hlog ageiL are consistent with an inside-out growth of galaxies, with the largest hlog ageiL gradients in Sb–Sbc galaxies. Further, the mean stellar ages of disks and bulges are correlated and with disks covering a wider range of ages, and late-type spirals hosting younger disks. However, age gradients are only mildly negative or flat beyond R ∼ 2 HLR (half light radius), indicating that star formation is more uniformly distributed or that stellar migration is important at these distances. The gradients in stellar mass surface density depend mostly on stellar mass, in the sense that more massive galaxies are more centrally concentrated. Whatever sets the concentration indices of galaxies obviously depends less on quenching/morphology than on the depth of the potential well. There is a secondary correlation in the sense that at the same M? early-type galaxies have steeper gradients. The µ? gradients outside 1 HLR show no dependence on Hubble type. We find mildly negative hlog Z?iM gradients, which are shallower than predicted from models of galaxy evolution in isolation. In general, metallicity gradients depend on stellar mass, and less on morphology, hinting that metallicity is affected by both – the depth of the potential well and morphology/quenching. Thus, the largest hlog Z?iM gradients occur in Milky Way-like Sb–Sbc galaxies, and are similar to those measured above the Galactic disk. Sc spirals show flatter hlog Z?iM gradients, possibly indicating a larger contribution from secular evolution in disks. The galaxies from the sample have decreasing-outward stellar extinction; all spirals show similar radial profiles, independent from the stellar mass, but redder than E and S0. Overall, we conclude that quenching processes act in manners that are independent of mass, while metallicity and galaxy structure are influenced by mass-dependent processes.CALIFA is the first legacy survey carried out at Calar Alto. The CALIFA collaboration would like to thank the IAA-CSIC and MPIA-MPG as major partners of the observatory, and CAHA itself, for the unique access to telescope time and support in manpower and infrastructures. We also thank the CAHA staff for the dedication to this project. Support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, through projects AYA2010-15081 (PI R.G.D.), and Junta de Andalucía FQ1580 (PI R.G.D.), AYA2010-22111-C03-03, and AYA2010-10904E (S.F.S.). We also thank the Viabilidad, Diseño, Acceso y Mejora funding program, ICTS-2009-10, for funding the data acquisition of this project. R.C.F. thanks the hospitality of the IAA and the support of CAPES and CNPq. R.G.D. acknowledges the support of CNPq (Brazil) through Programa Ciencia sem Fronteiras (401452/2012-3). A.G. acknowledges support from EU FP7/2007-2013 under grant agreement n.267251 (AstroFIt) and from the EU Marie Curie Integration Grant “SteMaGE” Nr. PCIG12-GA-2012-326466. C.J.W. acknowledges support through the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant 303912. E.P. acknowledges support from the Guillermo Haro program at INAOE. Support for L.G. is provided by the Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism’s Millennium Science Initiative through grant IC120009, awarded to The Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, MAS. L.G. acknowledges support by CONICYT through FONDECYT grant 3140566. J.I.P. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish MINECO under grant AYA2010-21887- C04-01 and from Junta de Andalucía Excellence Project PEX2011-FQM7058. I.M., J.M. and A.d.O. acknowledge support from the project AYA2013-42227-P. RAM is funded by the Spanish program of International Campus of Excellence Moncloa (CEI). J.M.A. acknowledges support from the European Research Council Starting Grant (SEDmorph; P.I. V. Wild

Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

Analyse factorielle des biocénoses de Coléoptères aquatiques des marais (Marisma) du Bas Guadalquivir (Espagne)

On a étudié, par des techniques d'analyses en composantes principales, les relations biocénotiques entre les différentes populations de Coléoptères aquatiques et 8 facteurs physico-chimiques du milieu. Dû à l'énorme quantité de conditions espace-temps considérées, une première analyse, portant sur 58 échantillons et 31 espèces, à montré une structure multidimensionnelle, dans laquelle il n'a pas été possible de détecter des affinités de type écologique, faunistique ou géographique. Deux analyses contenant des échantillons de milieux plus homogènes (19 échantillons et 25 espèces de marais; 15 échantillons et 23 espèces de rizière) ont permis la détermination de groupes d'espèces de distribution semblable. Les corrélations significatives entre les composantes de ces analyses et les facteurs température, pH, chlorure, sulfate, magnésium, calcium et profondeur de l'eau, déterminent des groupes écologiques, indicateurs de certains niveaux de conditions du milieu. En plus, on observe que les variations journalières de la communauté sont plus importantes que les saisonnières

Impact of COVID-19 in nutritional and functional status of survivors admitted in intensive care units during the first outbreak. Preliminary results of the NUTRICOVID study

Depto. de MedicinaFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu

Cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with a severe mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular risk (CVR) has been observed to be higher in patients with severe mental illness (SMI) than in the general population. However, some studies suggest that CVR is not equally increased in different subgroups of SMI. The purposes of this review are to summarise CVR scores of SMI patients and to determine the differences in CVR between patients with different SMIs and between SMI patients and the control-population. METHODS: MEDLINE (via PubMed) was searched for literature published through August 28, 2014, followed by a snowball search in the Web of Science. Observational and experimental studies that reported CVR assessments in SMI patients using validated tools were included. The risk of bias was reported using STROBE and CONSORT criteria. Pooled continuous data were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed methodological quality. RESULTS: A total of 3,608 articles were identified, of which 67 full text papers were assessed for eligibility and 35 were finally included in our review, in which 12,179 psychiatric patients and 225,951 comparative patients had been assessed. The most frequent diagnoses were schizophrenia and related diagnoses (45.7 %), depressive disorders (14.7 %), SMI (11.4 %) and bipolar disorders (8.6 %). The most frequent CVR assessment tool used was the Framingham risk score. Subgroups analysis showed a higher CVR in schizophrenia than in depressive disorder or in studies that included patients with multiple psychiatric diagnoses (SMD: 0.63, 0.03, and 0.02, respectively). Six studies were included in the meta-analysis. Total overall CVR did not differ between SMI patients and controls (SMD: 0.35 [95 % CI:-0.02 to 0.71], p = 0.06); high heterogeneity was observed (I (2) = 93 %; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The summary of results from studies that assessed CVR using validated tools in SMI patients did not find sufficient data (except for limited evidence associated with schizophrenia) to permit any clear conclusions about increased CVR in this group of patients compared to the general population. The systematic review is registered inThis research has been funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Instituto Carlos III (PI12/00427). This study received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. LA is funded by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) U

Correction: Evolving Trends in the Management of Acute Appendicitis During COVID-19 Waves: The ACIE Appy II Study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Correction: Evolving Trends in the Management of Acute Appendicitis During COVID-19 Waves: The ACIE Appy II Study (World Journal of Surgery, (2022), 46, 9, (2021-2035), 10.1007/s00268-022-06649-z)

In the original online version of this article Oreste Claudio Buonomo’s family name was misspelled. The original article was corrected