Identificación de genes relacionados con la tolerancia a la sequía en 41 variedades de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)

The objective of the research was to identify the genes related to drought tolerance in quinoa. For this, 41 varieties of Chenopodium quinoa Willd were evaluated with six repetitions; in the flowering stage, three pots/material, of each variety, were randomly selected to be induced to total drought for two weeks, resuming irrigation after that period, the other three were the control. From day 27 after sowing, the chlorophyll level was measured and classified as tolerant or susceptible to drought, based on its chlorophyll content index (CCI). For the identification of genes, leaf samples of three varieties were taken (Red head, Salcedo INIA and Kankolla 1). RNA Extraction was performed using reagent® TRI reagent and for the transcriptome sequencing the Ilumina platform was used. 26 genes were identified in the three varieties of quinoa, but in the drought tolerant varieties; three of them are regulated upwards when exposed to drought and five genes (AUR62037809, AUR62000271, AUR62037807, AUR62042825 AUR62009791) have a change in their pattern of expression as a result of drought exposure.El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar los genes relacionados con la tolerancia a la sequía en la quinua. Para ello, se evaluaron 41 variedades de Chenopodium quinoa Willd con seis repeticiones; en la etapa de floración, se seleccionaron al azar tres macetas/material, de cada variedad, para ser inducidas a sequía total por dos semanas, reanudándose el riego después de ese periodo, las otras tres fueron el control. A partir del día 27 después de la siembra, se midió el nivel de clorofila y se clasificó como tolerante o susceptible a la sequía, en función de su índice de contenido clorofila (ICC). Para la identificación de genes se tomaron muestras de hoja de tres variedades (Red head, Salcedo INIA y Kankolla 1). La Extracción del ARN se realizó usando el reactivo reagent® TRI y para el secuenciamiento de transcriptomas se utilizó la plataforma de Ilumina. Se identificaron 26 genes en las tres variedades de quinua, pero en las variedades tolerantes a la sequía; tres de ellos son regulados al alza ante la exposición a la sequía y cinco genes (AUR62037809, AUR62000271, AUR62037807, AUR62042825 AUR62009791) tienen un cambio en su patrón de expresión como consecuencia de la exposición a la sequía

An aquarium hobbist poisoning: Identification of new palytoxins in Palythoa cf. toxica and complete detoxification of the aquarium water by activated carbon

Palytoxin (PLTX) is a lethal natural toxin often found in Palythoa zoantharians that, together with its congeners, may induce adverse effects in humans after inhalation of toxic aerosols both in open-air and domestic environments, namely in the vicinity of public and private aquaria. In this study, we describe a poisoning of an aquarium hobbyist who was hospitalized after handling a PLTXs-containing zoantharian hexacoral. Furthermore, we provide evidence for water detoxification. The zoantharian was morphologically and genetically identified as Palythoa cf. toxica (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Palytoxin itself and two new PLTX congeners, a hydroxyPLTX and a deoxyPLTX, were detected and structurally identified by liquid chromatography high resolution multiple stage mass spectrometry (LC-HRMSn, n = 1, 2). Total and individual toxins were quantified by LC-HRMS and sandwich ELISA both in the zoantharian (93.4 and 96.80 \u3bcg/g, respectively) and in the transport water (48.3 and 42.56 \u3bcg/mL, respectively), with an excellent mean bias of 1.3% between the techniques. Activated carbon adsorbed 99.7% of PLTXs contained in the seawater and this represents a good strategy for preventing aquarium hobbyist poisonings

Análise quantitativa de parâmetros biofísicos de bacia hidrográfica obtidos por sensoriamento remoto

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar quantitativamente os parâmetros biofísicos obtidos por sensoriamento remoto, para a área de abrangência da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Tapacurá, em Pernambuco. Utilizaram-se imagens do TM‑Landsat 5 de 10/7/1989, 6/7/2005 e 29/8/2007. As imagens foram registradas pela correção geométrica polinomial de primeira ordem. Foram realizadas as etapas de calibração radiométrica, reflectância, albedo planetário e transmissividade e, subsequentemente, geraram-se cartas temáticas de albedo e de temperatura da superfície, e do índice de vegetação melhorado ("enhanced vegetation index", EVI). O albedo da superfície apresentou valores médios crescentes entre as imagens obtidas em 1989 e 2005, o que indica expansão territorial urbana. A imagem de 29/8/2007 mostrou maior temperatura da superfície, seguida das temperaturas mostradas nas imagens de 10/7/1989 e 6/7/2005, e os maiores valores foram os das malhas urbanas. A imagem de 1989 mostrou o maior valor médio de EVI, o que indica ter havido, naquela data, maior presença de vegetação

Genomic location of SSR markers of the potato genetic identity kit.

Fingerprinting of about 1,700 potato landraces and varieties using 207 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers led us to identify a group of 24 SSR markers which constitute the potato genetic identity kit used for genetic resource characterization. These markers were selected for single locus, highly polymorphic, and distributed throughout the genome (2 per linkage group). The sequencing of the genome of a doubled-monoploid potato from the Phureja Group has allowed us to characterize better each SSR marker of the PGI kit. These SSR markers were designed originally from DNA sequences from potato varieties originating mostly from the Chilotanum Group. In silico mapping confirmed the physical location as a single locus relative to genetic mapping information for 17 of the 24 SSR markers. One SSR marker [STI0012] was found in two loci of which one corresponds to the expected position according to genetic linkage maps. The SSR marker [STI0004] expected to be located on chromosome VI was located in a superscaffold not yet anchored. One SSR markers [STM0032] was located in a single locus on a different chromosome as expected from genetic mapping information. Finally, 4 SSR markers [STM0019, STM1052, STM1106, and STM5121] were not found anywhere in the genome sequence of the doubled-monoploid potato. This lack of concordance for about 30% of the SSR markers of the PGI kit between physical map and genetic linkage map may be explained by the unfinished status of the potato genome sequence as well as the divergence between these potato taxonomic groups

Identificación de genes relacionados con la tolerancia a la sequía en 41 variedades de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)

The objective of the research was to identify the genes related to drought tolerance in quinoa. For this, 41 varieties of Chenopodium quinoa Willd were evaluated with six repetitions; in the flowering stage, three pots/material, of each variety, were randomly selected to be induced to total drought for two weeks, resuming irrigation after that period, the other three were the control. From day 27 after sowing, the chlorophyll level was measured and classified as tolerant or susceptible to drought, based on its chlorophyll content index (CCI). For the identification of genes, leaf samples of three varieties were taken (Red head, Salcedo INIA and Kankolla 1). RNA Extraction was performed using reagent® TRI reagent and for the transcriptome sequencing the Ilumina platform was used. 26 genes were identified in the three varieties of quinoa, but in the drought tolerant varieties; three of them are regulated upwards when exposed to drought and five genes (AUR62037809, AUR62000271, AUR62037807, AUR62042825 AUR62009791) have a change in their pattern of expression as a result of drought exposure.El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar los genes relacionados con la tolerancia a la sequía en la quinua. Para ello, se evaluaron 41 variedades de Chenopodium quinoa Willd con seis repeticiones; en la etapa de floración, se seleccionaron al azar tres macetas/material, de cada variedad, para ser inducidas a sequía total por dos semanas, reanudándose el riego después de ese periodo, las otras tres fueron el control. A partir del día 27 después de la siembra, se midió el nivel de clorofila y se clasificó como tolerante o susceptible a la sequía, en función de su índice de contenido clorofila (ICC). Para la identificación de genes se tomaron muestras de hoja de tres variedades (Red head, Salcedo INIA y Kankolla 1). La Extracción del ARN se realizó usando el reactivo reagent® TRI y para el secuenciamiento de transcriptomas se utilizó la plataforma de Ilumina. Se identificaron 26 genes en las tres variedades de quinua, pero en las variedades tolerantes a la sequía; tres de ellos son regulados al alza ante la exposición a la sequía y cinco genes (AUR62037809, AUR62000271, AUR62037807, AUR62042825 AUR62009791) tienen un cambio en su patrón de expresión como consecuencia de la exposición a la sequía

Sección de cruce de fotoionización en hilos cuánticos de GaAs-(Ga,Al)As: efectos de presión hidrostática

Usando un procedimiento variacional calculamos la sección de cruce de fotoionización para una impureza donadora poco profunda en un hilo cuántico cilíndrico de GaAs-(Ga,Al)As. Nuestros resultados son presentados en función del radio del hilo, de la posición de la impureza en la sección transversal del hilo, de la polarización del fotón, de la presión hidrostática aplicada y de la energía del fotón. Como resultado general se observa que la sección de cruce de fotoionización aumenta o disminuye dependiendo de la posición de la impureza, de la polarización del fotón y del radio del hilo. Además, nuestros resultados muestran que la sección de cruce de fotoionización decrece a medida que aumenta la energía del fotón

Hydrostatic pressure effects on the donor impurity-related photoionization cross-section in cylindrical-shaped GaAs/GaAlAs quantum well wires

Using a variational method the binding energy has been calculated for a shallow donor impurity and the donor‐related photoionization cross‐section in 1D and 0D GaAs low‐dimensional systems. The dependence on the binding energy and the photoionization cross‐section for a hydrogenic donor impurity in the finite potential model are discussed and the results are presented as a function of the radius, polarization of the photon, applied hydrostatic pressure, and photon energy. The calculations for the pressure effects are performed both in the direct and indirect GaAs gap regime. Calculations are presented for an on‐axis (on‐center) impurity in the wire (in the dot). (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Europium anomalies in detrital zircons record major transitions in Earth geodynamics at 2.5 Ga and 0.9 Ga

Abstract Trace elements in zircon are a promising proxy with which to quantitatively study Earth’s long-term lithospheric processes and its geodynamic regimes. The zircon Eu anomaly reflects the crystallization environment of its felsic or intermediate parental magma. In particular, it provides insight into the water content, magmatic redox conditions, and the extent of plagioclase fractionation in the source rock or its occurrence as a cogenetic crystallizing phase from the magma. We performed a statistical analysis of Eu anomalies from a compilation of detrital zircons over geologic time and found a major decrease in Eu anomaly ca. 2.5 Ga and an important increase ca. 0.9 Ga. Coupled with thermodynamic modeling, we suggest that these variations could be due to long-term change in the chemical system of the mafic source from which the intermediate to felsic melt and derived zircons were produced. The 2.5 Ga drop was likely associated with an enrichment in incompatible elements in the mafic source, which extended the pressure-temperature field of plagioclase stability as a cogenetic melt phase. We interpret the 0.9 Ga rise to record increasing hydration of magmagenetic sites due to the general development of cold subduction systems, which would delay and/or suppress the saturation of plagioclase in hydrous magmagenetic sites