What Determines the Success of a Geographical Indication? A Price-based Meta-Analysis for GIs In Food Products

Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Understanding motivational climates in physical education classes: How students perceive learning and performance-oriented climates by teachers and peers

This study aimed to translate and validate the Learning and Performance Oriented in Physical Education Climate Questionnaire (LAPOPECQ) in a sample of Portuguese students. Additionally, this study examined if the measurement would be equivalent across samples and gender. For nomological validity, current study examined the relationships of motivational climates oriented by teachers and peers and behavioral regulations in the physical education context. Data from 536 Portuguese students (female = 256) aged 10 and 18 years (M = 13.33; SD = .47) were collected. Participants were involved in regular physical education classes two times per week, according to the Portuguese educational system. The four-correlated factor confirmatory and exploratory model provided acceptable fit to the data. In addition, multigroup analysis showed invariance among groups, namely between calibration and validation samples, and female and male students. Last, significant correlations were found between motivational climates and behavioral regulations as theoretically proposed, confirming nomological validity. The translated LAPOPECQ into Portuguese is a valid instrument assessing students’ perception of motivational climates oriented by teachers and peers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Anatomical Network Comparison of Human Upper and Lower, Newborn and Adult, and Normal and Abnormal Limbs, with Notes on Development, Pathology and Limb Serial Homology vs. Homoplasy

How do the various anatomical parts (modules) of the animal body evolve into very different integrated forms (integration) yet still function properly without decreasing the individual's survival? This long-standing question remains unanswered for multiple reasons, including lack of consensus about conceptual definitions and approaches, as well as a reasonable bias toward the study of hard tissues over soft tissues. A major difficulty concerns the non-trivial technical hurdles of addressing this problem, specifically the lack of quantitative tools to quantify and compare variation across multiple disparate anatomical parts and tissue types. In this paper we apply for the first time a powerful new quantitative tool, Anatomical Network Analysis (AnNA), to examine and compare in detail the musculoskeletal modularity and integration of normal and abnormal human upper and lower limbs. In contrast to other morphological methods, the strength of AnNA is that it allows efficient and direct empirical comparisons among body parts with even vastly different architectures (e.g. upper and lower limbs) and diverse or complex tissue composition (e.g. bones, cartilages and muscles), by quantifying the spatial organization of these parts-their topological patterns relative to each other-using tools borrowed from network theory. Our results reveal similarities between the skeletal networks of the normal newborn/adult upper limb vs. lower limb, with exception to the shoulder vs. pelvis. However, when muscles are included, the overall musculoskeletal network organization of the upper limb is strikingly different from that of the lower limb, particularly that of the more proximal structures of each limb. Importantly, the obtained data provide further evidence to be added to the vast amount of paleontological, gross anatomical, developmental, molecular and embryological data recently obtained that contradicts the long-standing dogma that the upper and lower limbs are serial homologues. In addition, the AnNA of the limbs of a trisomy 18 human fetus strongly supports Pere Alberch's ill-named "logic of monsters" hypothesis, and contradicts the commonly accepted idea that birth defects often lead to lower integration (i.e. more parcellation) of anatomical structures

How Does the Level of Physical Activity Influence Eating Behavior? A Self-Determination Theory Approach

Physical activity and diet are two predominant determinants of population health status that may influence each other. Physical activity has been identified as a behavior that may lead to a healthier diet and regulates eating behaviors. This research aimed to investigate how the level of physical activity is associated with the motivation related to eating behaviors and, consequently, the eating style individuals have on a daily basis. This was a cross-sectional study in which participants completed an online questionnaire that assessed the following variables: the level of physical activity, the motivation toward eating behavior, and the type of eating behavior. In total, 440 individuals (180 men and 260 women) who regularly exercised in gyms and fitness centers aged between 19 and 64 years (M = 33.84; SD = 10.09) took part in the study. The data were collected following the Declaration of Helsinki and with the approval of the Ethics Committee of the Polytechnic of Leiria. For the statistical analysis, mean and standard deviations were first calculated, as well as bivariate correlations between all the variables of interest. Then, structural equation model analyses were performed considering the levels of physical activity as the independent variable, motivations toward eating behavior as the mediators, and eating styles as the dependent variables. It was concluded that a greater level of physical activity leads to a more self-determined type of eating regulation, which in turn results in less constricted eating behaviors that are influenced by external factors and emotional factors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Primate modularity and evolution: first anatomical network analysis of primate head and neck musculoskeletal system

Network theory is increasingly being used to study morphological modularity and integration. Anatomical network analysis (AnNA) is a framework for quantitatively characterizing the topological organization of anatomical structures and providing an operational way to compare structural integration and modularity. Here we apply AnNA for the first time to study the macroevolution of the musculoskeletal system of the head and neck in primates and their closest living relatives, paying special attention to the evolution of structures associated with facial and vocal communication. We show that well-defined left and right facial modules are plesiomorphic for primates, while anthropoids consistently have asymmetrical facial modules that include structures of both sides, a change likely related to the ability to display more complex, asymmetrical facial expressions. However, no clear trends in network organization were found regarding the evolution of structures related to speech. Remarkably, the increase in the number of head and neck muscles – and thus of musculoskeletal structures – in human evolution led to a decrease in network density and complexity in humans

Sustainable intensification using irrigation and N fertilization for pasture production in Tocantins, Brazil.

To verify the influence of irrigation in a pasture of Panicum maximum cv. Massai was carried out a field research testing rainfed and two irrigation depths (SO and 100% of evapotranspiration) and 300 kg ha-1 year-1 of N-urea, during one year at the periods Jun-Sep, Oct-Nov, Dec-Mar and Apr-May, in Tocantins state, Brazil

Sustainable intensification using irrigation and N fertilization for pasture production in Tocantins, Brazil.

Cattle raising is among the main Brazilian economic activities. Currently, there are 169 million hectares covered by tropical grasslands and 30% of this area is degraded. In the last 40 years, the area occupied by grasslands in Brazil increased only 17% while the meat production increased 114% and that fact was only possible due to national effort and investments on agricultural research, development and innovation. To verify the influence of irrigation in a pasture of Panicum maximum cv. Massai was carried out a field research testing rainfed and two irrigation depths (SO and 100% of evapotranspiration) and 300 kg ha-1 year-1 of N-urea, during one year at the periods Jun-Sep, Oct-Nov, Dec-Mar and Apr-May, in Tocantins state, Brazil. The parameters are one animal unit (AU) corresponding to 450 kg of liveweight, a daily dry matter intake of 11.25 kg. The accumulated dry matter (kg ha-1 day-1 ) obtained by the 100% depth was significantly higher than the others in almost all periods analyzed, and during Jun-Sep the treatment 50% depth showed no significant difference when compared to 100% depth suggesting seasonality probably related to low temperatures. The results revealed the potential to achieve a stocking rate of 6.44, 4.20 and 3.51 AU ha-1 year-1 with 100%, 50% depths and rainfed treatment, respectively. Despite promising results, further studies on physiology, phenology and economy must be done to confirm the feasibility of using irrigation for pasture production in Tocantins

The Unique Lipidomic Signatures of Saccharina latissima Can Be Used to Pinpoint Their Geographic Origin

The aquaculture of macroalgae for human consumption and other high-end applications is experiencing unprecedented development in European countries, with the brown algae Saccharina latissima being the flag species. However, environmental conditions in open sea culture sites are often unique, which may impact the biochemical composition of cultured macroalgae. The present study compared the elemental compositions (CHNS), fatty acid profiles, and lipidomes of S. latissima originating from three distinct locations (France, Norway, and the United Kingdom). Significant differences were found in the elemental composition, with Norwegian samples displaying twice the lipid content of the others, and significantly less protein (2.6%, while French and UK samples contained 6.3% and 9.1%, respectively). The fatty acid profiles also differed considerably, with UK samples displaying a lower content of n-3 fatty acids (21.6%), resulting in a higher n-6/n-3 ratio. Regarding the lipidomic profile, samples from France were enriched in lyso lipids, while those from Norway displayed a particular signature of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylcholine. Samples from the UK featured higher levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and, in general, a lower content of galactolipids. These differences highlight the influence of site-specific environmental conditions in the shaping of macroalgae biochemical phenotypes and nutritional value. It is also important to highlight that differences recorded in the lipidome of S. latissima make it possible to pinpoint specific lipid species that are likely to represent origin biomarkers. This finding is relevant for future applications in the field of geographic origin traceability and food controlpublishedVersio

Quality of life following liver transplantation: a comparative study between Familial Amyloid Neuropathy and liver disease patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It has been demonstrated in many studies that quality of life can be improved after liver transplantation in patients with liver disease. Nevertherless quality of life improvement in specific groups of transplantated patients such as those with Familial Amyloid Polineuropathy hasn't yet been explored. The present study aimed to compare the change in quality of life following liver transplantation between patients with Familial Amyloid Polineuropathy (FAP) and patients with liver disease.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Patient's mental quality of life showed an improvement in all liver disease patients, and a worsening in FAP patients, resulting in a significant difference between the two groups. Regarding physical quality of life, although a similar improvement was seen in both groups, FAP patients had significantly less improvement than the sub-group of decompensated liver disease (Child-Pugh B and C).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>It is concluded that liver transplantation has a less beneficial impact in FAP patient's physical quality of life, probably because they are not so much disabled by their disease at the moment of liver transplantation. The lesser improvement in mental quality of life of FAP patients may be due to their particular psychological profile and greater expectations towards transplantation.</p

Modelo cognitivo-motivacional para la promoción de la persistencia en Educación Superior: relación entre la organización docente, la competencia del alumnado y el «grit»

The teaching process and the success of learning are closely linked to cognitive and motivational factors. The purpose of this study was to test a multilevel model in higher education students on the relationship between the teaching organization and the dimensions of grit and perceived competence. Participated 3033 students, who answered utility dimension inventories and organization, competition and grit. The results show that at the individual level, the organization by the teaching staff focused on the utility and organization is positively related to the student's scream, this relationship being mediated by the perceived competence. The organizational improvement of the teacher generates student achievements through the positive impact on their competence.«El proceso de enseñanza y el éxito del aprendizaje están estrechamente vinculados a factores cognitivos y motivacionales. Este estudio tuvo como propósito poner a prueba un modelo multinivel en estudiantes de Educación Superior sobre la relación de la organización docente y las dimensiones del grit, mediada por la competencia percibida. Participaron 3.033 estudiantes de cinco países, a los que se les midió la utilidad y organización del docente, la competencia y el grit. Los resultados muestran que, a nivel individual, la organización por parte del profesorado centrada en la utilidad se relacionó positivamente con el grit del estudiante cuando estaba mediada por la competencia percibida. Se sugiere que el profesor mejore su tarea organizativa docente, pues genera mayores logros en el estudiante a través del impacto positivo sobre su competencia