Microtensile bond strength of adhesive layer contaminated with blood on human sound enamel

Indexación: Web of Science; Scielo.Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de la contaminación con sangre en una capa de adhesivo formada sobre esmalte humano y su posterior descontaminación con NaOCl (2.5%) y etanol (70°) en la resistencia microtraccional. Métodos: La superficie vestibular de 80 premolares humanos fue fresada para obtener superficies planas sobre las que se aplicó un adhesivo de grabado y lavado siguiendo las indicaciones del fabricante (Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE). Los premolares fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos: Grupo 1 (control), Grupo 2 (contaminación con sangre), Grupo 3 (descontaminación con NaOCl 2.5%) y Grupo 4 (descontaminación con etanol 70°). Luego, sobre cada premolar se confeccionó una corona de resina compuesta (Filtek Z350, 3M ESPE) y fueron cortados para obtener cuerpos de prueba de 1mm2 de sección transversal, los cuales fueron termociclados (5500 ciclos, 5-55°C) y traccionados hasta su límite de ruptura (Micro Tensile Tester, Bisco). Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente (ANOVA, Scheffe, p0.05). Conclusión: La contaminación con sangre de la capa de adhesivo interfiere significativamente en la resistencia microtraccional. La descontaminación con NaOCl o etanol no logró una recuperación de la resistencia microtraccional.Aim: To evaluate the influence of blood contamination of the adhesive layer and posterior decontamination with NaOCl (2.5%) and ethanol (70º) on microtensile bond strength on human enamel. Methods: Vestibular surfaces of eighty human premolars were grounded to obtain flat surfaces. An etch-and-rinse adhesive was applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Adper Single bond 2, 3M ESPE). Teeth were randomly assigned into 4 groups: Group 1 (control), Group 2 (blood contamination), Group 3 (decontamination with NaOCl 2.5%) and Group 4 (decontamination with ethanol 70º). Then, a 4mm composite crown (Filtek Z350) was made and the teeth were vertically sectioned to obtain 1mm cross-section stick shape specimens. Specimens were thermocycled (5500 cycles, 5-55ºC) and pulled under tension until failure (Micro Tensile Tester, Bisco). Results were statistically analyzed (ANOVA, Scheffe’s test, p0.05). Conclusion: Blood contamination significantly interferes in microtensile bond strength. Decontaminating the blood residues with NaOCl or ethanol did not show a recovery of bond strength.http://ref.scielo.org/3zrh4

A note on a gauge-gravity relation and functional determinants

We present a refinement of a recently found gauge-gravity relation between one-loop effective actions: on the gauge side, for a massive charged scalar in 2d dimensions in a constant maximally symmetric electromagnetic field; on the gravity side, for a massive spinor in d-dimensional (Euclidean) anti-de Sitter space. The inclusion of the dimensionally regularized volume of AdS leads to complete mapping within dimensional regularization. In even-dimensional AdS, we get a small correction to the original proposal; whereas in odd-dimensional AdS, the mapping is totally new and subtle, with the `holographic trace anomaly' playing a crucial role.Comment: 6 pages, io

Logarithmic correction to BH entropy as Noether charge

We consider the role of the type-A trace anomaly in static black hole solutions to semiclassical Einstein equation in four dimensions. Via Wald's Noether charge formalism, we compute the contribution to the entropy coming from the anomaly induced effective action and unveil a logarithmic correction to the Bekenstein-Hawking area law. The corrected entropy is given by a seemingly universal formula involving the coefficient of the type-A trace anomaly, the Euler characteristic of the horizon and the value at the horizon of the solution to the uniformization problem for Q-curvature. Two instances are examined in detail: Schwarzschild and a four-dimensional massless topological black hole. We also find agreement with the logarithmic correction due to one-loop contribution of conformal fields in the Schwarzschild background.Comment: 14 pages, JHEP styl

Electrodepósito de níquel negro sobre aletas de cobre para aplicaciones en colectores solares planos

CIES2020 - XVII Congresso Ibérico e XIII Congresso Ibero-americano de Energia SolarRESUMEN: En este trabajo se reporta el desempeño de colectores solares construidos con aletas de cobre recubiertas con níquel/níquel negro con y sin SiO2. Los recubrimientos de níquel y níquel negro fueron obtenidos mediante electrodepósito y la capa de SiO2 por sol-gel y roció pirolítico, los resultados se comparan con un colector construido con un recubrimiento selectivo comercial TiNOX. Los resultados muestran que el níquel negro con SiO2 tiene una curva de desempeño cercana al colector construidos con el recubrimiento comercial. El recubrimiento de níquel negro con SiO2 fue obtenido por técnicas de bajo costo lo cual pudiera ser atractivo para las empresas dedicadas a la construcción de colectores solares.ABSTRACT: This work reports the performance of solar collectors built with nickel / black nickel coated copper fins with and without SiO2. The nickel and black nickel coatings were obtained by electrodeposition, the SiO2 layer by sol-gel and spray pyrolysis methods, the results are compared with a collector built with a commercial selective coating TiNOX. The results show that black nickel with SiO2 have a near performance curve than the collector built with the commercial coating. The black nickel coating with SiO2 was obtained by low cost techniques which could be attractive for companies dedicated to the construction of solar collectors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

9. Las diversas facetas de El Niño y sus efectos en la costa del Perú

El fenómeno El Niño es el modo dominante de la variabilidad interanual en el Océano Pacífico, resultando de un proceso de interacción entre el océano y la atmósfera en el Pacífico Tropical, Las últimas Investigaciones demuestran que existen varias facetas de este fenómeno que varían según las modalidades de interacción entre el océano y la atmosfera así como sus ubicaciones. Existen por lo menos dos tipos de El Niño, con expresiones diferentes sobre la Temperatura Superficial del Mar en el Pacifico Tropical y en la costa de Perú: uno que se desarrolla en el Pacifico Central (tiende a estar asociado a condiciones oceánicas más frías que favorecen el estado árido de la costa peruana y condiciones oceánicas hypóxicas), y otro que se desarrolla en el Pacifico Este (que transforma la costa peruana en una “típica” zona tropical, caracterizada por aguas costeras calientes y oxigenadas, y una lluvia intensa). Hoy en día, los esfuerzos de investigación para entender los mecanismos involucrados en los diferentes tipos de El Niño han sido reforzados, dado que, en las últimas décadas, se ha incrementado la frecuencia de ocurrencia de estos eventos en el Pacifico Central, sugiriéndose que podría ser una consecuencia del cambio climático. El perfeccionamiento de los modelos regionales acoplados tanto océano - atmosfera como océano - biogeoquímlco, tiene como objetivo mejorar la comprensión de la vulnerabilidad de la biosfera peruana al cambio climático y proponer un paradigma que represente la bimodalidad de la variabilidad interanual en el Pacifico Tropical.El Niño est le mode dominant de la variabilité interannuelle dans l’océan Pacifique, résultant d’un processus d’interaction entre l’océan et l’atmosphére dans le Pacifique tropical. Les recherches récentes montrent qu’il existe plusieurs facettes de ce phénomène qui varient selon les modalités d’interaction entre l’océan et l’atmosphére et leurs emplacements. Il y a au moins deux types de El Niño, avec des expressions différentes sur la Température de surface dans le Pacifique tropical et le long de la cote du Pérou: un qui se déroule dans le Pacifique central (associé á des conditions océaniques froides qui favorisent l’état aride de la cote péruvienne et des conditions océaniques d’hypoxie), et un autre qui a lieu dans le Pacifique oriental (qui transforme la cote péruvienne en une zone tropicale «typique», caractérisé par des eaux cótiéres chaudes et oxygénées, et de fortes pluies). Aujourd’hui, les efforts de recherche pour comprendre les mécanismes impliqués dans les différents types de El Niño ont été renforcés, en raison de l’accroissement de la fréquence d’occurrence de ces événements dans le Pacifique central au cours des dernières décennies a accru, suggérant qu’ll pourrait s’agir d’une conséquence du changement dimatique. L’optimisation des modeles régionaux couplés océan - atmosphére et océan - blogéochimiques, vise à améliorer la compréhension de la vulnérabilité de la biosphére péruvienne au changement dimatique et de proposer un paradigme qui représente la bimodalité de la variabilité Interannuelle dans le Pacifique tropical.The El Niño phenomenon is the dominant mode of inter-annual variability in the Pacific Ocean, which results from the ¡nteraction between the ocean and atmosphere in the tropical Pacific. Recent research shows that there are several facets of this phenomenon, which vary according to the modalities of ¡nteraction between the ocean and atmosphere, as well as their locations. There are at least two types of El Niño with different expresslons on the sea surface temperature in the tropical Pacific and on the coast of Peru: one that takes place in the Central Pacific (which tends to be associated with colder oceanic conditions who favoring the aridity of the Peruvian coast and the ocean conditions hypoxic), and another that takes place in the Eastern Pacific (which transforms the Peruvian coast in a “typical” tropical zone, with warm and oxygenated Coastal waters, and heavy rain). Nowadays, research efforts to understand the mechanisms involved in the different types of El Niño have been strengthened, since in recent decades has increased the frequency of these events in the Central Pacific, suggesting that ¡t might be a result of climate change. The ¡mprovement of both regional models coupled ocean - atmosphere and ocean - biogeochemical aims to Improve the understanding of the vulnerability of the Peruvian biosphere to climate change, and propose a paradigm that represents the bimodality of the Inter-annual variability in the tropical Pacific

Developing country consumers’ acceptance of biofortified foods: a synthesis

The success of biofortified staple crops depends on whether they are accepted and consumed by target populations. In the past 8 years, several studies were undertaken to understand consumers’ acceptance of foods made with biofortified staple crops. Consumer acceptance is measured in terms of their sensory evaluation and economic valuation of biofortified varieties vis-à-vis conventional ones. These studies apply expert sensory panel and hedonic trait analyses methods adopted from food sciences literature, as well as various preference elicitation methods (including experimental auctions, revealed choice experiments, and stated choice experiments) adopted from experimental economics literature. These studies also test the impact of various levers on consumers’ evaluation and valuation for biofortified foods. These levers include (i) nutrition information and the media through which such information is conveyed; (ii) the length and content of nutrition information; (iii) different branding options; (iv) the nature (national or international) of the branding/certification agency that is endorsing the biofortified staple food; and (v) the nature (national or international) of the agency that is delivering the biofortified staple food. This paper brings together evidence on consumer acceptance of biofortified crops on 5 crops across 7 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The results of these studies are expected to aid in the development of biofortified crops that consumers like, as well as in the development of appropriate marketing and consumer awareness or information campaigns to encourage the switch in consumption from traditional staples to biofortified ones

Differential gene expression between wild-type and Gulo-deficient mice supplied with vitamin C

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that hepatic vitamin C (VC) levels in VC deficient mice rescued with high doses of VC supplements still do not reach the optimal levels present in wild-type mice. For this, we used a mouse scurvy model (sfx) in which the L-gulonolactone oxidase gene (Gulo) is deleted. Six age- (6 weeks old) and gender- (female) matched wild-type (WT) and sfx mice (rescued by administering 500 mg of VC/L) were used as the control (WT) and treatment (MT) groups (n = 3 for each group), respectively. Total hepatic RNA was used in triplicate microarray assays for each group. EDGE software was used to identify differentially expressed genes and transcriptomic analysis was used to assess the potential genetic regulation of Gulo gene expression. Hepatic VC concentrations in MT mice were significantly lower than in WT mice, even though there were no morphological differences between the two groups. In MT mice, 269 differentially expressed transcripts were detected (≥ twice the difference between MT and WT mice), including 107 up-regulated and 162 down-regulated genes. These differentially expressed genes included stress-related and exclusively/predominantly hepatocyte genes. Transcriptomic analysis identified a major locus on chromosome 18 that regulates Gulo expression. Since three relevant oxidative genes are located within the critical region of this locus we suspect that they are involved in the down-regulation of oxidative activity in sfx mice

Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age.

The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset - with data collected between 2020 and 2022 - to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally, greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should facilitate further cross-cultural research. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Genes left behind: Climate change threatens cryptic genetic diversity in the canopy-forming seaweed bifurcaria bifurcata

The global redistribution of biodiversity will intensify in the coming decades of climate change, making projections of species range shifts and of associated genetic losses important components of conservation planning. Highly-structured marine species, notably brown seaweeds, often harbor unique genetic variation at warmer low-latitude rear edges and thus are of particular concern. Here, a combination of Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) and molecular data is used to forecast the potential near-future impacts of climate change for a warm-temperate, canopy forming seaweed, Bifurcaria bifurcata. ENMs for B. bifurcata were developed using marine and terrestrial climatic variables, and its range projected for 2040-50 and 2090-2100 under two greenhouse emission scenarios. Geographical patterns of genetic diversity were assessed by screening 18 populations spawning the entire distribution for two organelle genes and 6 microsatellite markers. The southern limit of B. bifurcata was predicted to shift northwards to central Morocco by the mid-century. By 2090-2100, depending on the emission scenario, it could either retreat further north to western Iberia or be relocated back to Western Sahara. At the opposing margin, B. bifurcata was predicted to expand its range to Scotland or even Norway. Microsatellite diversity and endemism were highest in Morocco, where a unique and very restricted lineage was also identified. Our results imply that B. bifurcata will maintain a relatively broad latitudinal distribution. Although its persistence is not threatened, the predicted extirpation of a unique southern lineage or even the entire Moroccan diversity hotspot will erase a rich evolutionary legacy and shrink global diversity to current (low) European levels. NW Africa and similarly understudied southern regions should receive added attention if expected range changes and diversity loss of warm-temperate species is not to occur unnoticed.Portuguese FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia) [PTDC/AAC-CLI/109108/2008, EXPL/BIA-BIC/1471/2012, EXCL/AAG-GLO/0661/2012]; [SFRH/BPD/88935/2012]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio