Joint attention and its relationship with autism risk markers at 18 months of age

(1) Joint attention is the ability to coordinate attention to share a point of reference with another person. It has an early onset and is a clear indicator of understanding the representations of others, and it is essential in the development of symbolic thought and the acquisition of language. Deficiencies in this prelinguistic early communication skill are strong markers of the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); (2) this longitudinal study aimed to evaluate joint attention skills in a group of 32 infants at two developmental moments (8 and 12 months) in order to explore whether their performance on this skill was related to the presence of early signs of ASD at 18 months. Logistic multiple regressions were carried out for the data analysis; (3) results of the analysis showed that the variables of initiating joint attention at 8 months and responding to joint attention at 12 months were linked to the risk of ASD at 18 months of age; (4) in conclusion, early joint attention skills had a pivotal role in defining early manifestations of ASD

Interacción social y comunicación temprana en hermanos de niños con diagnóstico de trastorno del espectro autista: una revisión de la literatura

The siblings of children diagnosed with the autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) have higher risk than the average infantile population of later developing the disorder, between 5 and 10 %. On the other hand, some of these siblings have shown to have difficulties in the social early interactions, independently of being eventually diagnosed. Are these types of conducts, which aren’t necessarily linked to the disorder, commonly observable in children with ASD’s siblings? A bibliographical review of the most recent investigations is presented in this article to explore the latest findings in response to this question. The main conclusions talk about a different or disrupted early communication pattern, already observable in the second trimester of life. These areas include joint attention, language, facial gestures and play. Some authors have called this communicative profile with the name of the Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP).Los hermanos de niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) tienen un mayor riesgo que la media de la población infantil, entre un 5 y un 10%, de ser después diagnosticados con el trastorno. Por otra parte, algunos de estos hermanos han mostrado, independientemente de ser más tarde diagnosticados, tener dificultades en las interacciones sociales tempranas. ¿Son habituales este tipo de conductas, no necesariamente vinculadas al trastorno, en hermanos de niños con TEA? En el presente trabajo se plantea una revisión bibliográfica para explorar los hallazgos más recientes en respuesta a este interrogante. Las principales conclusiones apuntan a un patrón de comunicación temprana diferente, o con la presencia de dificultades en áreas como la atención conjunta, el lenguaje, la gestualidad o el juego, observable ya a partir del segundo trimestre de vida. Este perfil comunicativo se conoce con el nombre de “fenotipo amplio de autismo” (Broader Autism Phenotype, BAP)

Interacción social y comunicación temprana en hermanos de niños con diagnóstico de trastorno del espectro autista: una revisión de la literatura

The siblings of children diagnosed with the autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) have higher risk than the average infantile population of later developing the disorder, between 5 and 10 %. On the other hand, some of these siblings have shown to have difficulties in the social early interactions, independently of being eventually diagnosed. Are these types of conducts, which aren’t necessarily linked to the disorder, commonly observable in children with ASD’s siblings? A bibliographical review of the most recent investigations is presented in this article to explore the latest findings in response to this question. The main conclusions talk about a different or disrupted early communication pattern, already observable in the second trimester of life. These areas include joint attention, language, facial gestures and play. Some authors have called this communicative profile with the name of the Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP).Los hermanos de niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) tienen un mayor riesgo que la media de la población infantil, entre un 5 y un 10%, de ser después diagnosticados con el trastorno. Por otra parte, algunos de estos hermanos han mostrado, independientemente de ser más tarde diagnosticados, tener dificultades en las interacciones sociales tempranas. ¿Son habituales este tipo de conductas, no necesariamente vinculadas al trastorno, en hermanos de niños con TEA? En el presente trabajo se plantea una revisión bibliográfica para explorar los hallazgos más recientes en respuesta a este interrogante. Las principales conclusiones apuntan a un patrón de comunicación temprana diferente, o con la presencia de dificultades en áreas como la atención conjunta, el lenguaje, la gestualidad o el juego, observable ya a partir del segundo trimestre de vida. Este perfil comunicativo se conoce con el nombre de “fenotipo amplio de autismo” (Broader Autism Phenotype, BAP)

Intervenciones dirigidas a la disminución de los síntomas obsesivo-compulsivos en personas con trastorno del espectro autista: una revisión

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication and social interaction as well as restrictive and repetitive behavior. It has high comorbidity with other disorders, reaching 37% with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in young patients. OCD is characterized by recurrent thoughts and ideas that lead the person to perform compulsive actions to reduce the level of anxiety generated by these thoughts. This paper presents a review of the psychological intervention methods, as well as their effectiveness, used to reduce the symptoms of comorbid OCD in people with ASD. It includes 14 articles in which cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure and prevention of responses (EPR) showed encouraging results in reducing these symptoms.El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo caracterizado por déficits en la comunicación e interacción social y por comportamientos restrictivos y repetitivos. Presenta una elevada comorbilidad con otros trastornos, de hasta un 37% con el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC) en pacientes jóvenes. El TOC se caracteriza por pensamientos e ideas recurrentes que llevan a la persona a realizar acciones compulsivas para disminuir el nivel de ansiedad que estos pensamientos le generan. Este trabajo presenta una revisión de los métodos psicológicos de intervención utilizados, así como de la efectividad de los mismos, en la reducción de los síntomas del TOC comórbido en personas con TEA. Se incluyeron 14 artículos, en los que la terapia cognitivo conductual (TCC) y la exposición y prevención de respuestas (EPR) presentaron resultados alentadores en la disminución de estos síntomas. &nbsp

Els arbres singulars del Parc Natural de l'Alt Pirineu : estudi i proposta d'educació ambiental

Aquest estudi s'ha realitzat amb el principal objectiu de localitzar, analitzar i diagnosticar els arbres singulars subjectes a ser declarats monumentals dins el Parc Natural de l'Alt Pirineu. Concretament s'han inventariat la Vall Ferrera i la Vall de Cardós. L'objectiu secundari ha estat fer una proposta innovadora d'educació ambiental, utilitzant l'arbre com a un instrument pedagògic. S'han inventariat vint-i-tres arbres sent un d'ells ja declarat Arbre Monumental, "l'Avet del Pla de la Selva".Este estudio se ha realizado con el principal objetivo de localizar, analizar yThe main purpose of this study is to locat

Patients' views and experiences of live supervised tele-exercise classes following bariatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: The BARI-LIFESTYLE qualitative study.

The BARI-LIFESTYLE trial is a randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a post-surgery nutritional and behavioural tele-counselling, and supervised exercise programme to maximize the health benefits of bariatric surgery. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the in-person supervised exercise component had to be converted to remote tele-exercise. However, patients' acceptability of this method of exercise provision is unknown. Between 3 and 6 months following bariatric surgery, 13 adults participated in weekly, structured, 60-min supervised exercise classes delivered via Zoom by a trained exercise therapist. A total of 12 participants (n = 8 female), with a mean age of 46.3 (range 33-63) years, who had undergone either sleeve gastrectomy (n = 8) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 4) surgery, participated in one-to-one semi-structured interviews following the tele-exercise classes. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Participants described how the tele-exercise classes helped them to cope with the changes to their lives brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants found the tele-exercise schedule, content and intensity to be acceptable, and were satisfied with the privacy, security and safety of the technology and classes. Professional supervision and guidance from an exercise therapist were described as central to the tele-exercise provision. Importantly, participation in the tele-exercise provided physical, emotional and social benefits. Few participants reported barriers to participation. Overall, the tele-exercise classes were deemed acceptable and compared favourably to in-person exercise classes

Impact of nutritional-behavioral and supervised exercise intervention following bariatric surgery: The BARI-LIFESTYLE randomized controlled trial

Objective: The study's aim was to investigate the impact of a 12-month adjunctive lifestyle intervention on weight loss and health outcomes after bariatric surgery.// Methods: A total of 153 participants (78.4% females; mean [SD], age 44.2 [10.6] years; BMI 42.4 [5.7] kg/m2) were randomized to intervention (n = 79) and control (n = 74). The BARI-LIFESTYLE program combined 17 nutritional-behavioral tele-counseling sessions plus once-weekly supervised exercise for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was percentage weight loss at 6 months post surgery. Secondary outcomes included body composition, physical activity levels, physical function and strength, health-related quality of life, depressive symptomatology, and comorbidities.// Results: Longitudinal analysis of the entire cohort showed significant reductions in body weight, fat mass, fat-free mass, and bone mineral density at the total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine (all p  0.05). There was no significant difference in the primary outcome between the intervention versus control (20.4% vs. 21.2%; mean difference = −0.8%; 95% CI: −2.8 to 1.1; p > 0.05) and no between-group differences in secondary outcomes.// Conclusions: An adjunctive lifestyle program implemented immediately after surgery had no favorable impact upon weight loss and health outcomes

Patients' views and experiences of a live supervised tele-exercise programme following bariatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: the BARI-LIFESTYLE qualitative study

Funder: Rosetrees Trust; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000833Funder: Sir Jules Thorn Trust Biomedical Research AwardFunder: University College London Overseas Research Scholarship (UCL‐ORS)Summary: The BARI‐LIFESTYLE trial is a randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a post‐surgery nutritional and behavioural tele‐counselling, and supervised exercise programme to maximize the health benefits of bariatric surgery. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the in‐person supervised exercise component had to be converted to remote tele‐exercise. However, patients' acceptability of this method of exercise provision is unknown. Between 3 and 6 months following bariatric surgery, 13 adults participated in weekly, structured, 60‐min supervised exercise classes delivered via Zoom by a trained exercise therapist. A total of 12 participants (n = 8 female), with a mean age of 46.3 (range 33–63) years, who had undergone either sleeve gastrectomy (n = 8) or Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (n = 4) surgery, participated in one‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews following the tele‐exercise classes. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Participants described how the tele‐exercise classes helped them to cope with the changes to their lives brought about by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants found the tele‐exercise schedule, content and intensity to be acceptable, and were satisfied with the privacy, security and safety of the technology and classes. Professional supervision and guidance from an exercise therapist were described as central to the tele‐exercise provision. Importantly, participation in the tele‐exercise provided physical, emotional and social benefits. Few participants reported barriers to participation. Overall, the tele‐exercise classes were deemed acceptable and compared favourably to in‐person exercise classes

The Bace1 product sAPPβ induces ER stress and inflammation and impairs insulin signaling

Objective -secretase/-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a key enzyme involved in Alzheimer's disease that has recently been implicated in insulin-independent glucose uptake in myotubes. However, it is presently unknown whether BACE1 and the product of its activity, soluble APPsAPPcontribute to lipid-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. Materials/Methods Studies were conducted in mouse C2C12 myotubes, skeletal muscle from Bace1-/-mice and mice treated with sAPP and adipose tissue and plasma from obese and type 2 diabetic patients. Results We show that BACE1 inhibition or knockdown attenuates palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance and prevents the reduction in Peroxisome Proliferator- Activated Receptor Co-activator 1 (PGC-1) and fatty acid oxidation caused by palmitate in myotubes. The effects of palmitate on ER stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, PGC-1 down-regulation, and fatty acid oxidation were mimicked by soluble APP in vitro. BACE1 expression was increased in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese and type 2 diabetic patients and this was accompanied by a decrease in PGC-1 mRNA levels and by an increase in sAPPplasma levels of obese type 2 diabetic patients compared to obese non-diabetic subjects. Acute sAPP administration to mice reduced PGC-1 levels and increased inflammation in skeletal muscle and decreased insulin sensitivity. Conclusions Collectively, these findings indicate that the BACE1 product sAPP is a key determinant in ER stress, inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and gluconeogenesis in liver

Derecho, género e igualdad : cambios en las estructuras jurídicas androcéntricas. Vol 2

Este libro es producto de una selección de ponencias y comunicaciones presentadas en el "I Congreso Internacional Derecho, Género e Igualdad", organizado por el Grupo Antígona de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona durante el año 2009