Habilitação dos modos ativos da linguagem a partir do modo reativo observar

O propósito do estudo foi avaliar o efeito de habilitação linguística nos modos ativos da linguagem assinalar, falar e escrever a partir do modo reativo observar. Participaram 15 estudantes experimentalmente ingênuos, doze homens e três mulheres, de 14 anos de idade, alunos de uma escola secundária pública da cidade de Xalapa. Utilizou-se um arranjo experimental de igualação da mostra de segunda ordem com figuras geométricas e um desenho experimental de três grupos com teste inicial, fase de familiarização, fase de exposição e teste de habilitação. Os resultados sugerem que a exposição ao modo observar habilitou as respostas de igualação nos três modos ativos da linguagem com diferentes níveis de execução. O nível máximo foi obtido em falar, o segundo em escrever e o mínimo em assinalar. A porcentagem de respostas de discriminação foi um pouco mais alta em semelhança em cor, seguido por diferença em cor e forma, e um pouco mais em semelhança em forma. Os resultados se discutem com base no conceito de habilitação linguística.The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of enabling linguistic active modes of language by pointing out, writing and speaking from the reactive mode observing. Participants were 15 experimentally naive students, twelve men and three women, aged 14, who attended third grade in a public Junior High School in the city of Xalapa. A second-order matching to sample task with geometric figures was used. The design chosen was experimental with three groups and consisted of an initial test, familiarization phase, exposure phase and final test. The results suggest that the exposure to the observing mode enabled the matching responses in the three active modes of language with different performance levels. The largest level was speaking, then was writing and the lower was pointing out. The percentage of response discrimination was slightly higher in color similarity, followed by the difference in color and form and slightly lower percentage in shape similarity. The results are discussed based on the concept of enabling linguistic modes.El propósito del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de habilitación lingüística en los modos activos del lenguaje señalar, hablar y escribir a partir del modo reactivo observar. Participaron 15 estudiantes experimentalmente ingenuos, doce hombres y tres mujeres, de 14 años de edad, alumnos de tercer grado de una escuela secundaria pública de la ciudad de Xalapa. Se utilizó un arreglo experimental de igualación de la muestra de segundo orden con figuras geométricas y un diseño experimental de tres grupos con prueba inicial, fase de familiarización, fase de exposición y prueba de habilitación. Los resultados sugieren que la exposición al modo observar habilitó las respuestas de igualación en los tres modos activos del lenguaje con distintos niveles de ejecución. El máximo nivel se obtuvo en hablar, el segundo en escribir y el mínimo en señalar. El porcentaje de respuestas de discriminación fue un poco más alto en semejanza en color, seguido por diferencia en color y forma, y un poco más bajo en semejanza en forma. Los resultados se discuten con base en el concepto de habilitación lingüística

Investigar para educar en una conyuntura de crisis

Esta publicación pretende hacer visible el trabajo de los docentes investigadores de la Facultad de Educación (FED) de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, unidad académica que forma a formadores y que investiga para ofrecer respuestas a problemas educativos actuales. Es una recopilación de conocimientos evaluados por pares, quienes, de modo creativo y fundamentado, ofrecen al lector diversas respuestas que predisponen al diálogo, sin presentar sus posturas como verdades absolutas. La Facultad de Educación, como educadora de futuros profesores, acoge asignaturas y profesionales de múltiples áreas, desde la lingüística o la matemática hasta las ciencias naturales y sociales, pasando por muchas otras disciplinas, tales como: antropología, didáctica, pedagogía o ética; así, los docentes-investigadores de la FED realizan estudios muy diversos, lo cual se ve reflejado en los trabajos que se presentan

La conducta disruptiva en preescolar valorada socialmente

Resumen tomado de la publicaciónLa disciplina de la psicología, desde un punto de vista aplicado, debe considerar al individuo como parte de una sociedad, como representante de las interacciones que se establecen en circunstancias, tiempo y espacio determinados dentro de este sistema social. Esta dimensión psicológica se encuentra inmersa en toda problemática social, la cual no existe de forma per se, sino que reside en un acto de valoración. En este sentido Ribes (2009) afirma que todo acto de comportamiento tiene sentido sólo en términos del contexto social en que tiene lugar, es decir que dicho acto es un acto de valoración del y en el contexto en el que ocurre. El carácter valorativo de dicho problema hace referencia al hecho de apreciar un acto como problemático, es decir es calificado dependiente de a quién afecte y quién lo valore. Enmarcado en esta perspectiva teórica, se elaboró un instrumento para valorar socialmente la conducta disruptiva en el aula de preescolar y se validó a través de un jueceo con los siguientes participantes: tres educadoras, tres madres de familia de entre 25-30 años con estudios de Licenciatura que tienen un hijo de edad preescolar, tres niños de 11, 9 y 7 años, cuyo requisito era tener un hermano menor, preferentemente de edad preescolar, y tres compañeros (niños de preescolar de entre 4 y 6 años); los cuales se eligieron porque forman parte de los agentes cercanos entre los cuales el niño establece las interacciones durante el episodio donde se presenta dicho comportamiento.ES

Habilitación de los modos activos del lenguaje a partir del modo reactivo observar

The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of enabling linguistic active modes of language by pointing out, writing and speaking from the reactive mode observing. Participants were 15 experimentally naive students, twelve men and three women, aged 14, who attended third grade in a public Junior High School in the city of Xalapa. A second-order matching to sample task with geometric figures was used. The design chosen was experimental with three groups and consisted of an initial test, familiarization phase, exposure phase and final test. The results suggest that the exposure to the observing mode enabled the matching responses in the three active modes of language with different performance levels. The largest level was speaking, then was writing and the lower was pointing out. The percentage of response discrimination was slightly higher in color similarity, followed by the difference in color and form and slightly lower percentage in shape similarity. The results are discussed based on the concept of enabling linguistic modes.O propósito do estudo foi avaliar o efeito de habilitação linguística nos modos ativos da linguagem assinalar, falar e escrever a partir do modo reativo observar. Participaram 15 estudantes experimentalmente ingênuos, doze homens e três mulheres, de 14 anos de idade, alunos de uma escola secundária pública da cidade de Xalapa. Utilizou-se um arranjo experimental de igualação da mostra de segunda ordem com figuras geométricas e um desenho experimental de três grupos com teste inicial, fase de familiarização, fase de exposição e teste de habilitação. Os resultados sugerem que a exposição ao modo observar habilitou as respostas de igualação nos três modos ativos da linguagem com diferentes níveis de execução. O nível máximo foi obtido em falar, o segundo em escrever e o mínimo em assinalar. A porcentagem de respostas de discriminação foi um pouco mais alta em semelhança em cor, seguido por diferença em cor e forma, e um pouco mais em semelhança em forma. Os resultados se discutem com base no conceito de habilitação linguística.El propósito del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de habilitación lingüística en los modos activos del lenguaje señalar, hablar y escribir a partir del modo reactivo observar. Participaron 15 estudiantes experimentalmente ingenuos, doce hombres y tres mujeres, de 14 años de edad, alumnos de tercer grado de una escuela secundaria pública de la ciudad de Xalapa. Se utilizó un arreglo experimental de igualación de la muestra de segundo orden con figuras geométricas y un diseño experimental de tres grupos con prueba inicial, fase de familiarización, fase de exposición y prueba de habilitación. Los resultados sugieren que la exposición al modo observar habilitó las respuestas de igualación en los tres modos activos del lenguaje con distintos niveles de ejecución. El máximo nivel se obtuvo en hablar, el segundo en escribir y el mínimo en señalar. El porcentaje de respuestas de discriminación fue un poco más alto en semejanza en color, seguido por diferencia en color y forma, y un poco más bajo en semejanza en forma. Los resultados se discuten con base en el concepto de habilitación lingüística

Knowing Writing: Writing Research across Borders

El encuentro de Writing Research Across Borders (WRAB) y su respectivo volumen Conocer la escritura: investigación más allá de las fronteras. Knowing Writing: Writing Research across Borders resaltan el rápido crecimiento de los estudios sobre la escritura en Iberoamérica, con su gran preocupación por el pensamiento crítico, el avance educativo y el desarrollo comunitario, junto con los nuevos enfoques de escritura a nivel mundial focalizados en la relación entre la escritura y el avance del conocimiento en los individuos, las profesiones y las sociedades.Bogot

Clinical and genetic characteristics of late-onset Huntington's disease

Background: The frequency of late-onset Huntington's disease (>59 years) is assumed to be low and the clinical course milder. However, previous literature on late-onset disease is scarce and inconclusive. Objective: Our aim is to study clinical characteristics of late-onset compared to common-onset HD patients in a large cohort of HD patients from the Registry database. Methods: Participants with late- and common-onset (30–50 years)were compared for first clinical symptoms, disease progression, CAG repeat size and family history. Participants with a missing CAG repeat size, a repeat size of ≤35 or a UHDRS motor score of ≤5 were excluded. Results: Of 6007 eligible participants, 687 had late-onset (11.4%) and 3216 (53.5%) common-onset HD. Late-onset (n = 577) had significantly more gait and balance problems as first symptom compared to common-onset (n = 2408) (P <.001). Overall motor and cognitive performance (P <.001) were worse, however only disease motor progression was slower (coefficient, −0.58; SE 0.16; P <.001) compared to the common-onset group. Repeat size was significantly lower in the late-onset (n = 40.8; SD 1.6) compared to common-onset (n = 44.4; SD 2.8) (P <.001). Fewer late-onset patients (n = 451) had a positive family history compared to common-onset (n = 2940) (P <.001). Conclusions: Late-onset patients present more frequently with gait and balance problems as first symptom, and disease progression is not milder compared to common-onset HD patients apart from motor progression. The family history is likely to be negative, which might make diagnosing HD more difficult in this population. However, the balance and gait problems might be helpful in diagnosing HD in elderly patients

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health