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Depto. de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología AlimentariaFac. de FarmaciaFALSEsubmitte

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

5to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

El V Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2019, realizado del 6 al 8 de febrero de 2019 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, ofreció a la comunidad académica nacional e internacional una plataforma de comunicación unificada, dirigida a cubrir los problemas teóricos y prácticos de mayor impacto en la sociedad moderna desde la ingeniería. En esta edición, dedicada a los 25 años de vida de la UPS, los ejes temáticos estuvieron relacionados con la aplicación de la ciencia, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación en cinco pilares fundamentales de nuestra sociedad: la industria, la movilidad, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la información y las telecomunicaciones. El comité científico estuvo conformado formado por 48 investigadores procedentes de diez países: España, Reino Unido, Italia, Bélgica, México, Venezuela, Colombia, Brasil, Estados Unidos y Ecuador. Fueron recibidas un centenar de contribuciones, de las cuales 39 fueron aprobadas en forma de ponencias y 15 en formato poster. Estas contribuciones fueron presentadas de forma oral ante toda la comunidad académica que se dio cita en el Congreso, quienes desde el aula magna, el auditorio y la sala de usos múltiples de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, cumplieron respetuosamente la responsabilidad de representar a toda la sociedad en la revisión, aceptación y validación del conocimiento nuevo que fue presentado en cada exposición por los investigadores. Paralelo a las sesiones técnicas, el Congreso contó con espacios de presentación de posters científicos y cinco workshops en temáticas de vanguardia que cautivaron la atención de nuestros docentes y estudiantes. También en el marco del evento se impartieron un total de ocho conferencias magistrales en temas tan actuales como la gestión del conocimiento en la universidad-ecosistema, los retos y oportunidades de la industria 4.0, los avances de la investigación básica y aplicada en mecatrónica para el estudio de robots de nueva generación, la optimización en ingeniería con técnicas multi-objetivo, el desarrollo de las redes avanzadas en Latinoamérica y los mundos, la contaminación del aire debido al tránsito vehicular, el radón y los riesgos que representa este gas radiactivo para la salud humana, entre otros

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation of crude olive cake and olive fruit extracts

1 página.-- Trabajo presentado al: Joint Seminar of the FAO-CIHEAM Network on Sheep and Goats. Joint Seminar of the Sub-Networks on Production Systems and on Nutrition: Innovation for Sustainability in Sheep and Goats, p. 60 (S2N-19). 3-5 de octubre de 2017. Vitoria-Gazteiz (España).Peer Reviewe

Influence of particle size of crude olive cake on in vitro rumen fermentation and gas production kinetics

1 pag.- Contributed to: Joint Seminar of the Sub-Networks on Production Systems and on Nutrition: Innovation for Sustainability in Sheep and Goats. (Vitoria-Gasteiz (España), 3-5 octubre 2017).Peer reviewe

Chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation of crude olive cake and olive extracts = Composition chimique et fermentation ruminal in vitro des grignos d’olive et des extraits d’olive

The aim of this study was to assess the nutritive value for ruminants of five samples of crude olive cake (COC) and two commercial olive extracts (ProlivolsTM and HytaoliveTM). Alfalfa hay (AH) and barley straw (BS) were also evaluated for comparative purposes. Chemical composition was analysed in all samples. Gas production kinetic was determined in 144-h in vitro incubations with sheep rumen fluid, whereas fermentation parameters and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were analysed after 24 h of incubation. Crude protein, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and ether extract content of COC ranged from 65.2 to 105, 374 to 448, 269 to 316, and 145 to 267 g/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. The high amount of nitrogen bound to the ADF in the COC samples (25 to 45% of total N) indicated low N availability, and the lignin/NDF ratios were high (0.272 to 0.401). The IVDMD values of COC (47.9 to 60.8%) were lower than that for AH (67.5%), but greater than that for BS (42.4%). Potential gas production values of COC samples (60.3 to 103 ml/g DM) were lower (P 170 ml/g DM). There were no differences (P>0.05) among COC samples in total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production after 24h of incubation, and values were similar to those of BS, but lower (P<0.05) than those measured for the two commercial extracts and AH. The COC could be used in ruminant diets replacing low-quality feeds such as BS, but due to its high ether extract content it could be also used in dairy animals to increase the content of unsaturated fatty acids in animal products

Influence of particle size of crude olive cake on in vitro rumen fermentation and gas production kinetics = Influence de la taille des particules des grignons d’olive sur la fermentation ruminal et la cinétique de production de gaz

By-products of olive oil industry can be used in ruminants feeding, but their nutritive value can be affected by the processing method. The aim of this research was to estimate in vitro the nutritive value of four samples of crude olive cake (COC) with different particle size obtained during the drying process from the same trommel at different stages of the screening procedure. Particles size was greater than 3 mm (COC3), 2 mm(COC2) and 1 mm (COC1) or smaller than 1 mm (COC0). Alfalfa hay and barley straw were included in the study for comparative purposes. Chemical composition was analysed in all samples. Gas production kinetics was determined in 144-h in vitro incubations with sheep rumen fluid as inoculum, and fermentation parameters and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were analysed after 24 h of incubation. COC3 and COC0 samples hadlower contents of neutral detergent fibre (NDF; 415 and 391 g/kg DM), but greater crude protein (96.6 and 114g/kg DM) and ether extract (220 and 242 g/kg DM) contents, than COC2 and COC3 (627 and 624; 42.4 and48.7; 102 and 124 g/kg DM, respectively). IVDMD of COC samples ranged from 39.4 to 58.7%, and was lower than that for alfalfa hay (67.5%) for all samples, but greater than that for barley straw (42.4%) for COC0 and COC3 samples. COC3 and COC0 samples had greater (P<0.05) potential gas production (103 and 66.2 ml/gDM, respectively) and total volatile fatty acids production (608 and 600 μmol, respectively) than COC2 andCOC1, but values were lower than those for alfalfa hay (202 ml/g DM and 1023 μmol, respectively) and barley straw (198 ml/g DM and 733 μmol). The results indicate that decreasing particle size to <1 mm increased the fermentation potential of COC, but its nutritive value was still slightly lower than that of barley straw. The similar quality observed for COC3 and COC0 samples was attributed to the high sugar content of COC3 samples

Influence of particle size of crude olive cake on in vitro rumen fermentation and gas production kinetics = Influence de la taille des particules des grignons d’olive sur la fermentation ruminal et la cinétique de production de gaz

By-products of olive oil industry can be used in ruminants feeding, but their nutritive value can be affected by the processing method. The aim of this research was to estimate in vitro the nutritive value of four samples of crude olive cake (COC) with different particle size obtained during the drying process from the same trommel at different stages of the screening procedure. Particles size was greater than 3 mm (COC3), 2 mm(COC2) and 1 mm (COC1) or smaller than 1 mm (COC0). Alfalfa hay and barley straw were included in the study for comparative purposes. Chemical composition was analysed in all samples. Gas production kinetics was determined in 144-h in vitro incubations with sheep rumen fluid as inoculum, and fermentation parameters and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were analysed after 24 h of incubation. COC3 and COC0 samples hadlower contents of neutral detergent fibre (NDF; 415 and 391 g/kg DM), but greater crude protein (96.6 and 114g/kg DM) and ether extract (220 and 242 g/kg DM) contents, than COC2 and COC3 (627 and 624; 42.4 and48.7; 102 and 124 g/kg DM, respectively). IVDMD of COC samples ranged from 39.4 to 58.7%, and was lower than that for alfalfa hay (67.5%) for all samples, but greater than that for barley straw (42.4%) for COC0 and COC3 samples. COC3 and COC0 samples had greater (P<0.05) potential gas production (103 and 66.2 ml/gDM, respectively) and total volatile fatty acids production (608 and 600 μmol, respectively) than COC2 andCOC1, but values were lower than those for alfalfa hay (202 ml/g DM and 1023 μmol, respectively) and barley straw (198 ml/g DM and 733 μmol). The results indicate that decreasing particle size to <1 mm increased the fermentation potential of COC, but its nutritive value was still slightly lower than that of barley straw. The similar quality observed for COC3 and COC0 samples was attributed to the high sugar content of COC3 samples