Antimicrobial performance of lignin embedded in bacterial nanocellulose membranes

The development of bio-based antimicrobial polymeric composites has never been so urgent. Novel antimi- crobial fibrous-based biocomposites will certainly allow the development of important solutions to fight the present and future Pandemics, while reducing the dependence of petrochemical based polymers and fibers. Lignin has a pivotal function in preventing the invasion of phytopathogens, thus, this work explores the anti- microbial potential of lignin when embedded in a biosynthesized fibrous nanomatrix with superior mechanical properties: bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). Lignin was subjected to alkali treatment to promote the inclusion of lignin within BNC which comprises pores ranging from 20 to 300 nm. Both alkali treatment efficiency, bac- tericidal and antiviral activities were investigatedThe authors would like to acknowledge the project PLASMAMED - PTDC/CTM-TEX/28295/2017 fnanced by FCT, FEDER and POCI in the frame of the Portugal 2020 program, the project UID/CTM/00264/2019 of 2C2T under the COMPETE and FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) co-fnanced by FEDER through the PT2020 program. Liliana Melro acknowledges her Doctoral grant awarded by FCT (2020.04919.BD)

¿Es posible el diagnóstico de la neoplasia folicular no invasiva con características nucleares de tipo de carcinoma papilar de tiroides (NIFTP) en nuestro medio?

Introducción: La variante folicular encapsulada no invasiva del carcinoma papilar detiroides (CPT) se re-clasificó como neoplasia folicular de tiroides no invasiva concaracterísticas nucleares de tipo papilar (NIFTP). Estos tumores se consideran comoneoplasias de muy bajo potencial maligno, con riesgo casi nulo de recurrencia ymortalidad. Objetivos: i) valorar la prevalencia de NIFTP en pacientes con CPT, ii) evaluar laevolución de los mismos y, iii) determinar las alteraciones moleculares halladas en estetipo de neoplasia.Materiales y Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico retrospectivo, observacional,longitudinal, que incluyó a pacientes con diagnóstico de CPT mayores de 18 añospertenecientes a 11 centros asistenciales de Argentina, diagnosticados entre el 1 deenero de 2006 y el 31 de diciembre de 2016. El diagnóstico de NIFTP se efectuó segúnlos criterios referidos por Nikiforov en el año 2016 y fue confirmado por al menos dospatólogos. Se incluyeron 2677 muestras de pacientes con diagnóstico de carcinomapapilar de tiroides. De estos, 612 (22%) fueron carcinoma papilar variante folicular y33 (1,23%) reunieron criterios diagnósticos de NIFTP. Resultados: De las 2677 muestras analizadas, se diagnosticó NIFTP en 33 pacientes(1,23%), el total de pacientes evaluados habían sido tratados con tiroidectomía total y el51% recibió ablación con radioyodo (mediana 100 mCi). Ningún paciente presentómetástasis ganglionares, a distancia, o necesidad de re-intervención quirúrgica. Luegode un seguimiento promedio de 30,5 meses, la respuesta final se consideró excelente enel 82% y 3% presentó una respuesta indeterminada. En 5 casos (15%) no huboseguimiento para establecer respuesta. Se observaron mutaciones de RAS en 4 (17%) yde BRAF V600E en 3 (13%). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de NIFTP en esta serie se encuentra dentro de las másbajas reportadas. La respuesta excelente al tratamiento en la mayoría de pacientes conseguimiento confirma el carácter indolente de estos tumores. Los hallazgos molecularesdifieren de lo publicado, lo que podría deberse a particularidades geográficas y/o étnicas.Introduction: Non-invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer was reclassified as non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) in 2016. These neoplasms have an extremely low potential of malignancy. Objectives: i) to assess the prevalence of NIFTP in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, ii) to evaluate their outcomes and iii) to determine their molecular profile. Materials and methods: Multicenter, descriptive, retrospective study. Patients from 11 referral centers with papillary thyroid cancer diagnosed from January 2006 to December 2016 were included. Diagnosis of NIFTP was based on criteria described by Nikiforov in 2016. At least two pathologists agreed on the diagnosis. Two thousand six hundred and seventy seven patients with papillary thyroid cancer were included; 612 (22%) of them were follicular variant papillary thyroid cancer, and 33 (1.23%) were classified as NIFTP. Results: Thirty three patients (1.23%) fulfilled diagnostic criteria for NIFTP. All patients underwent total thyroidectomy, and 51% were treated with radioiodine (median dose 100 mCi). No metastatic lymph nodes, distant metastases or recurrences were found. After a mean follow up of 30.5 months, 82% of patients had an excellent response, 3% had an indeterminate response and data was missing in the remaining 15%. RAS mutations were detected in 4 patients (17%) and BRAF V600E in 3 (13%). Discussion: The prevalence of NIFTP in our series is among the lowest reported. Excellent outcomes of patients underscore their low malignant potential. However, molecular findings differ from other series, which may be related to environmental or ethnic features of our population.Fil: Saban, Melina. Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Orlandi, Ana Maria. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Dr. Teodoro Álvarez"; ArgentinaFil: Deutsch, Susana I. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Juan A. Fernández"; ArgentinaFil: Pitoia, Fabián. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Lowenstein, Alicia Edita. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Calabrese, M. C.. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos Durand; ArgentinaFil: Cavallo, Andrea. Hospital de Alta Complejidad de Formosa; ArgentinaFil: Lotti, Alejandro. Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Mosnteros Albi, M.. Hospital Dr. Arturo Oñativia - Salta Capital.; ArgentinaFil: Tolaba, N. Hospital Dr. Arturo Oñativia - Salta Capital.; ArgentinaFil: Nallar Dera, Marcelo. Hospital Dr. Arturo Oñativia - Salta Capital.; ArgentinaFil: Jaen, A.. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Figurelli, Silvina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Juan A. Fernández"; ArgentinaFil: Carrizo, F.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo"; ArgentinaFil: Colobraro, A.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Tascon, G.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Dr. Teodoro Álvarez"; ArgentinaFil: Saccoliti, M.. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos Durand.; ArgentinaFil: Paes de Lima, A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Lencioni, María Julia. Hospital de Alta Complejidad de Formosa; ArgentinaFil: Califano, Ines. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo"; ArgentinaFil: Cabezon, C.. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Abelleira, E.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Alcaraz, G.. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Brenta, Gabriela. Hospital Cesar Milstein; ArgentinaFil: Bielski, Laila. Sanatorio Guemes Sociedad Anonima.; ArgentinaFil: Castro Jozami, Lorena. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Juan A. Fernández"; ArgentinaFil: Corino, M.. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Faure, Eduardo. Complejo Medico Policial Bartolome Churruca Andres Visca; ArgentinaFil: Frascaroli, G.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Dr. Teodoro Álvarez"; ArgentinaFil: Gauna, Alicia Teresa. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Guerra, Jorgelina. Universidad Austral. Hospital Universitario Austral; ArgentinaFil: Gutierrez, S.. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos Durand.; ArgentinaFil: Ilera, Veronica. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Iorcansky, S.. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Maria Paz. Hospital Alemán; ArgentinaFil: Moldes, Sofia. Complejo Medico Policial Bartolome Churruca Andres Visca; ArgentinaFil: Negueruela, M.. Universidad Austral. Hospital Universitario Austral; ArgentinaFil: Oneto, A.. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos Durand.; ArgentinaFil: Parisi, Carina. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Reyes, Adriana. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Rosemblit, Cinthia. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: Russo Picasso, Maria Fabiana. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Salas, Monica Delia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Sartorio, Mariana Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Schnitman, M.. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Sklate, Roxana. Hospital Tornu; ArgentinaFil: Croome, Silva. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Storani, Maria Elena. Municipalidad de Vicente Lopez (buenos Aires); ArgentinaFil: Vazquez, A.. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos Durand.; ArgentinaFil: Zund, Santiago. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigación Clínica "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Zunino, A.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires; Argentin

A global metagenomic map of urban microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance

We present a global atlas of 4,728 metagenomic samples from mass-transit systems in 60 cities over 3 years, representing the first systematic, worldwide catalog of the urban microbial ecosystem. This atlas provides an annotated, geospatial profile of microbial strains, functional characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) markers, and genetic elements, including 10,928 viruses, 1,302 bacteria, 2 archaea, and 838,532 CRISPR arrays not found in reference databases. We identified 4,246 known species of urban microorganisms and a consistent set of 31 species found in 97% of samples that were distinct from human commensal organisms. Profiles of AMR genes varied widely in type and density across cities. Cities showed distinct microbial taxonomic signatures that were driven by climate and geographic differences. These results constitute a high-resolution global metagenomic atlas that enables discovery of organisms and genes, highlights potential public health and forensic applications, and provides a culture-independent view of AMR burden in cities.Funding: the Tri-I Program in Computational Biology and Medicine (CBM) funded by NIH grant 1T32GM083937; GitHub; Philip Blood and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), supported by NSF grant number ACI-1548562 and NSF award number ACI-1445606; NASA (NNX14AH50G, NNX17AB26G), the NIH (R01AI151059, R25EB020393, R21AI129851, R35GM138152, U01DA053941); STARR Foundation (I13- 0052); LLS (MCL7001-18, LLS 9238-16, LLS-MCL7001-18); the NSF (1840275); the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1151054); the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (G-2015-13964); Swiss National Science Foundation grant number 407540_167331; NIH award number UL1TR000457; the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231; the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy; Stockholm Health Authority grant SLL 20160933; the Institut Pasteur Korea; an NRF Korea grant (NRF-2014K1A4A7A01074645, 2017M3A9G6068246); the CONICYT Fondecyt Iniciación grants 11140666 and 11160905; Keio University Funds for Individual Research; funds from the Yamagata prefectural government and the city of Tsuruoka; JSPS KAKENHI grant number 20K10436; the bilateral AT-UA collaboration fund (WTZ:UA 02/2019; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, UA:M/84-2019, M/126-2020); Kyiv Academic Univeristy; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine project numbers 0118U100290 and 0120U101734; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013–2017; the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya; the CRG-Novartis-Africa mobility program 2016; research funds from National Cheng Kung University and the Ministry of Science and Technology; Taiwan (MOST grant number 106-2321-B-006-016); we thank all the volunteers who made sampling NYC possible, Minciencias (project no. 639677758300), CNPq (EDN - 309973/2015-5), the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science – MOE, ECNU, the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong through project 11215017, National Key RD Project of China (2018YFE0201603), and Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2017SHZDZX01) (L.S.