Detection of growth-related QTLs in turbot (Scophtalmus maximux)

Background The turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) is a highly appreciated European aquaculture species. Growth related traits constitute the main goal of the ongoing genetic breeding programs of this species. The recent construction of a consensus linkage map in this species has allowed the selection of a panel of 100 homogeneously distributed markers covering the 26 linkage groups (LG) suitable for QTL search. In this study we addressed the detection of QTL with effect on body weight, length and Fulton's condition factor. Results Eight families from two genetic breeding programs comprising 814 individuals were used to search for growth related QTL using the panel of microsatellites available for QTL screening. Two different approaches, maximum likelihood and regression interval mapping, were used in order to search for QTL. Up to eleven significant QTL were detected with both methods in at least one family: four for weight on LGs 5, 14, 15 and 16; five for length on LGs 5, 6, 12, 14 and 15; and two for Fulton's condition factor on LGs 3 and 16. In these LGs an association analysis was performed to ascertain the microsatellite marker with the highest apparent effect on the trait, in order to test the possibility of using them for marker assisted selection. Conclusions The use of regression interval mapping and maximum likelihood methods for QTL detection provided consistent results in many cases, although the high variation observed for traits mean among families made it difficult to evaluate QTL effects. Finer mapping of detected QTL, looking for tightly linked markers to the causative mutation, and comparative genomics are suggested to deepen in the analysis of QTL in turbot so they can be applied in marker assisted selection programs

The role of OH in the chemical evolution of protoplanetary disks:I. The comet-forming region

Context. Time-dependent gas-grain chemistry can help us understand the layered structure of species deposited onto the surface of grains during the lifetime of a protoplanetary disk. The history of trapping large quantities of carbon-and oxygen-bearing molecules onto the grains is especially significant for the formation of more complex (organic) molecules on the surface of grains. Aims. Among other processes, cosmic ray-induced UV photoprocesses can lead to the efficient formation of OH. Using a more accurate treatment of cosmic ray-gas interactions for disks, we obtain an increased cosmic ray-induced UV photon flux of 3.8 x 10(5) photons cm(-2) s(-1) for a cosmic-ray ionization rate of H-2 value of 5 x 10(-17) s(-1) (compared to previous estimates of 10(4) photons cm(-2) s(-1) based on ISM dust properties). We explore the role of the enhanced OH abundance on the gas-grain chemistry in the midplane of the disk at 10 AU, which is a plausible location of comet formation. We focus on studying the formation/destruction pathways and timescales of the dominant chemical species. Methods. We solved the chemical rate equations based on a gas-grain chemical network and correcting for the enhanced cosmic ray-induced UV field. This field was estimated from an appropriate treatment of dust properties in a protoplanetary disk, as opposed to previous estimates that assume an ISM-like grain size distribution. We also explored the chemical effects of photodesorption of water ice into OH+H. Results. Near the end of the disk's lifetime our chemical model yields H2O, CO, CO2, and CH4 ice abundances at 10 AU (consistent with a midplane density of 10(10) cm(-3) and a temperature of 20 K) that are compatible with measurements of the chemical composition of cometary bodies for a [C/O] ratio of 0.16. This comparison puts constraints on the physical conditions in which comets were formed

La actividad l?dica como estrategia pedag?gica para fortalecer el aprendizaje de los ni?os de la institucion educativa Ni?o Jes?s de Praga

96 P?ginasRecurso Electr?nicoEl presente documento, da cuenta del proceso de investigaci?n formativa llevado a cabo con los ni?os del nivel preescolar en la Instituci?n Educativa Ni?o Jes?s de Praga; el cual se desarroll? en dos fases, siendo la primera un ejercicio de corte etnogr?fico y la segunda fase de Investigaci?n ? Acci?n. El proyecto permiti? reconocer la importancia de la actividad l?dica como herramienta pedag?gica para fortalecer el aprendizaje en los ni?os, siendo el aprendizaje un proceso en el cual el individuo se apropia del conocimiento en sus diferentes dimensiones, se enfoca la intervenci?n hacia la adquisici?n de h?bitos y desarrollo de actividades motivadoras del aprendizaje infantil, desde el aula preescolar. Es por ello que la l?dica no solo es importante para el desarrollo f?sico y comunicativo, sino que tambi?n contribuye a la expansi?n de necesidades y que adem?s puede ser utilizada como principio de aprendizajes en forma significativa. Durante el proceso investigativo, se aplicaron t?cnicas e instrumentos tales como la observaci?n, encuestas formales e informales , indagaci?n documental, diario de campo (en la primera fase); cuestionario etnogr?fico, talleres y actividades integradoras para toda la comunidad institucional a trav?s del Proyecto Pedag?gico de Aula (para la segunda fase); logrando con ello caracterizar a la comunidad educativa para identificar la problem?tica presente en la instituci?n, as? como lograr un proceso de intervenci?n pedag?gica para lograr un cambio de concepci?n encaminada hacia la utilizaci?n de la l?dica, para el desarrollo de competencias y fortalecimiento del aprendizaje en la educaci?n inicial.ABSTRACT. This document, realizes the process of formative research conducted with children of preschool educational institution the kids Jesus of Prague; which it was developed in two phases, the first being an exercise in ethnographic and the second phase of Investigation - Action. The project allowed to recognize the importance of play activities as a pedagogical tool to enhance learning in children, learning being a process in which the individual appropriates the knowledge in its different dimensions, the intervention to the acquisition of habits and focuses motivating development of children's learning activities, from preschool classroom. That is why the fun is not only important for physical and communicative development, but also contributes to the expansion of needs and also can be used as a principle of learning significantly. During the investigative process, techniques and tools such as observation, formal and informal surveys, documentary research, field journal (first phase) is applied; ethnographic questionnaire, workshops and integrating activities for the whole institutional community through Classroom Education Programme (for the second phase); thereby achieving characterize the educational community to identify the problems present in the institution, and to achieve a process of pedagogical intervention to achieve a change in philosophy directed towards the use of playful, to skills development and strengthening of learning in early childhood education.INTRODUCCION 11 1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 15 1.1 DESCRIPCI?N DEL PROBLEMA 15 1.2 FORMULACI?N DEL PROBLEMA 20 2. OBJETIVOS 22 2.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 22 2.2 OBJETIVOS ESPEC?FICOS 22 3. JUSTIFICACI?N 23 4. MARCO REFERENCIAL 26 4.1 ANTECEDENTES 26 4.2 MARCO TEORICO 28 4.2.1 El concepto de l?dica 29 4.2.2 La actividad l?dica 30 4.2.3 L?dica y aprendizaje 31 4.2.4 Aprendizaje significativo 32 4.3 MARCO CONTEXTUAL 34 4.3.1 La familia 36 4.3.2 Los docentes 39 4.3.3 Los ni?os 42 4.4 MARCO LEGAL 44 4.4.1 Marco Internacional 44 4.4.2 Marco Nacional 45 4.4.3 Marco Institucional 47 5. METODOLOGIA 49 5.1 ESTRUCTURA METODOL?GICA 49 5.1.1 Descripci?n Fase 1: Caracterizaci?n 53 5.1.2 Descripci?n Fase 2: Intervenci?n 55 5.2 AN?LISIS DE RESULTADOS 58 5.2.1 Validez y confiabilidad 58 5.3 EVALUACI?N Y SEGUIMIENTO 59 5.3.1 Fase 1. Caracterizaci?n de las pr?cticas 60 5.3.2. Fase 2. Los sentidos pedag?gicos de los proyectos de intervenci?n 62 6. EL PROYECTO DE INTERVENCION 66 6.1. ESQUEMA GENERAL 66 6.2. ACTIVIDADES INTEGRADORAS DEL PROYECTO DE INTERVENCION 67 6.2.1. Actividades para Directivos y Docentes 67 6.2.2. Actividades integradoras para padres de familia 69 6.2.3. Actividades integradoras para ni?os 72 6.3. EXPERIENCIA PEDAGOGICA 75 7. CONCLUSIONES 80 RECOMENDACIONES 82 REFERENCIAS 83 ANEXOS 8

LA POLITICA EDUCATIVA Y EL CAMBIO SOCIAL DEL REGIMEN CONSERVADOR A LA REPUBLICA LIBERAL (1903 — 1930)

El ensayo que se presenta a continuación corresponde a un capítulo del primer volumen de la investigación: “Evolución de la política educativa durante el siglo XX”, próximo a publicarse. Tomando como punto de partida la Ley 39 de 1903 denominada también “Reforma Uribe” se describe y analiza el comportamiento de la política económica del Estado, haciendo énfasis en el período conocido como la “danza de los millones” y la crisis del año 1930, y estableciendo la relación de estos procesos con la política educativa oficial. Es importante destacar que a través del análisis se hacen alusiones muy tangenciales a las administraciones presidenciales de José Vicente Concha 1914-1918 y Marco Fidel Suárez 1918-1922, pues en estos años las reformas educativas y socio -económicas fueron particularmente lánguidas. El lector tendrá oportunidad de analizar cómo la ingente inversión extranjera y la creación de una infraestructura industrial durante el gobierno del general Pedro Nel Ospina 1922-1926, dieron origen al surgimiento de tendencias pedagógicas innovadoras como el célebre proyecto de la “Escuela Nueva” acaudillado por don Agustín Nieto Caballero y la obtención de la carta de ciudadanía del movimiento estudiantil universitario, factor que gravitó grandemente en la caída del régimen conservador

Analysis of water vapor adsorption in soils by means of a lysimeter and numerical modeling

Daily temperature oscillations can cause adsorption (and desorption) of atmospheric water vapor by soils. The resulting daily fluctuations in the amount of liquid water in the soil can be measured by high-precision weighing lysimeters. We analyzed the data of a lysimeter in a sandy dune sediment in southern Spain using Codebright, a thermohydraulic numerical model for unsaturated flow that takes into account water, vapor, and heat transport in the soil, as well as soil–atmosphere interactions such as precipitation, evaporation, and solar radiation. The analysis shows that daily temperature oscillations, psychrometrics, and soil water retention can explain the fluctuations of the amount of liquid water in the soil. The retention curve, especially its driest part, is essential for the existence of these fluctuations. The fluctuations could not be reproduced by a model using the van Genuchten retention curve with a constant residual saturation. On the other hand, satisfactory results could be obtained by models using retention curves that at their driest part still show a change of saturation with suction. Moreover, the models suggest within the top few decimeters of the soil a pattern of alternating bands of condensation and evaporation, which follows the daily temperature oscillations that fade out deeper in the soil.We are very grateful to André Peters for providing the AWAT filter and give special thanks to Daniel Jesus Martínez, Fernando Ruiz Bermudo, and Antonio Nicolas Martínez for their excellent technical assistance and support.We are grateful for the support and collaboration of the Biological Station of Doñana, the Biological Reserve of Doñana, and the administration of the Doñana National Park. The contract of Lidia Molano Leno (PEJ-2014-A-68763) was financed by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness of Spain (MINECO) and co-financed by the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the European Social Fund (ESF). Likewise, this work has been financed by the CLIGRO Project (MICINN, CGL2016-77473-C3-1-R) of the Spanish National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation. The infrastructure has been co-financed by European Research Funds (SE Scientific Infrastructures and Techniques and Equipment 2013, IGME13-1E-2113).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Evaluación de sistemas de producción y alimentación bovina (Quindío-Colombia).

Se realizó una encuesta en 50 explotaciones ganaderas en el departamento de Quindio (Colombia) cubriendo aspectos: físicos (altura m.s.n.m.), socio-económicos (precio de leche, uso de mano de obra), manejo de forrajes (area de pastos mejorados), manejo animal (sistemas de crianza de terneros), alimentación (uso de concentrados, pasto de corte), parámetros de productividad (producción por vaca, carga animal). Los objetivos básicos del trabajo, fueron describir y caracterizar los sistemas de producción y evaluar técnicamente las formas de alimentación tradicional utilizadas. Para el primer objetivo se emplearon las técnicas para análisis multivariante de datos: análisis factorial y análisis de conglomerados ((cluster), de la cual se obtuvo la tipificación de los productores en 4 grupos de fincas con caractersticas productivas y socio-agroenonómicas diferentes. Para cada grupo se obtuvo un modelo esquemático del sistema de producción respectivo. La evaluación alimentaria se realizó con modelos sencillos para el cálculo de raciones en vacas en producción, vacas secas, novillas y terneros, empleando en el modelo dietas típicas utilizadas en los diferentes sistemas de producción. Al analizar las dietas se encontraton tendencias dentro de la muestra en estudio tales como: deficiencias de energía en el aporte nutricional de las dietas para las vacas en producción, bajos niveles de producción de leche/vaca y bajas ganancias de peso para animales en crecimiento. También se encontró en la zona de estudio costosos sistemas de crianza para terneros, manejo irracional del componente forrajero: praderas - pasto de corte y utilización ineficiente de subproductos y recursos no convencionales de alta disponibilidad para la alimentación de bovinos.;A partir del análisis integrado de los aspectos estudiados, se proponen recomendaciones prácticas dirigidas al asistente técnico e instituciones tendientes a solucionar los problemas encontrados y con el criterio de reducir costos de producción y aumentar productividad/ha en las finca

Macrofungal diversity in Colombian Amazon forests varies with regions and regimes of disturbance

Here we present the results of fungal biodiversity studies from some selected Colombian Amazon forests in relationship to plant biodiversity and successional stages after slash and burn agriculture. Macrofungal diversity was found to differ between forests occurring in two regions (Araracuara vs Amacayacu) as well as between flooded forests and terra firme forests in the Amacayacu region. Macrofungal biodiversity differed between regeneration states of different age in the Araracuara region. Suitable substrates, especially dead wood that occurred as a result of recent slash and burn agriculture, resulted in the formation of many sporocarps of wood-inhabiting species. Putative ectomycorrhizal species were found in a dipterocarp forest. Fifty two percent of the macrofungal species could not be identified to the species level, but could be assigned to a genus, and it is likely that a significant portion of these represent species new to science. Long term studies are needed to obtain a comprehensive and complete understanding of the diversity and functioning of mycobiota in Amazon forest ecosystems

SIE-Climate: A methodological and technological tool for predicting local climate variability in managing socio-ecological systems

ABSTRACT: Climate variability, as an element of uncertainty in water management, affects community, sectoral, and individual decision-making. Long-range prediction models are tools that offer the potential for integration and joint analysis with the hydrological, hydrodynamic, and management response of the socio-ecological systems to which they are linked. The main objective of this article is to present a seasonal climate prediction model, the open-source algorithm SIE-Climate, whose application consists of three phases (exploration, development, and evaluation), and to describe its application to the Lake Sochagota socio-ecological system (Paipa, Boyacá, Colombia). The K-nearest neighbours method is used when defining a target matrix that represents and integrates macro- and micro-climatic phenomena (Oceanic Niño Index, local temperature, and local rainfall) to identify periods of similar climatic behaviour. Considering a 1-year horizon and management purposes the tool is calibrated and validated in periods with and without climatic anomalies (2000?2018), giving reliable adjustment results (RSME:4.86; R2: 0.95; PBIAS: -8.89%; EFF: 0.85). SIE-Climate can be adapted to various contexts, variables of interest, and temporal and spatial scales, with an appropriate technological and computational cost for regional water management

Animal management and feed intake.

Methane (CH4) is the most abundant hydrocarbon in the atmosphere.Disponivel em : http://www.globalresearchalliance.or

Detection of growth-related QTL in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The turbot (<it>Scophthalmus maximus</it>) is a highly appreciated European aquaculture species. Growth related traits constitute the main goal of the ongoing genetic breeding programs of this species. The recent construction of a consensus linkage map in this species has allowed the selection of a panel of 100 homogeneously distributed markers covering the 26 linkage groups (LG) suitable for QTL search. In this study we addressed the detection of QTL with effect on body weight, length and Fulton's condition factor.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Eight families from two genetic breeding programs comprising 814 individuals were used to search for growth related QTL using the panel of microsatellites available for QTL screening. Two different approaches, maximum likelihood and regression interval mapping, were used in order to search for QTL. Up to eleven significant QTL were detected with both methods in at least one family: four for weight on LGs 5, 14, 15 and 16; five for length on LGs 5, 6, 12, 14 and 15; and two for Fulton's condition factor on LGs 3 and 16. In these LGs an association analysis was performed to ascertain the microsatellite marker with the highest apparent effect on the trait, in order to test the possibility of using them for marker assisted selection.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The use of regression interval mapping and maximum likelihood methods for QTL detection provided consistent results in many cases, although the high variation observed for traits mean among families made it difficult to evaluate QTL effects. Finer mapping of detected QTL, looking for tightly linked markers to the causative mutation, and comparative genomics are suggested to deepen in the analysis of QTL in turbot so they can be applied in marker assisted selection programs.</p