TINJAUAN YURIDIS MENGENAI MASA JABATAN KETUA UMUM PARTAI POLITIK BERDASARKAN PRINSIP-PRINSIP/ASAS-ASAS NEGARA HUKUM YANG DEMOKRATIS DI INDONESIA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa bagaimana pengaturan hukum tentang masa jabatan ketua umum partai politik dan untuk menganalisa bagaimana pengaturan ideal masa jabatan ketua umum partai politik kedepan berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip negara hukum yang demokratis di Indonesia Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif, dapat ditarik kesimpulan yaitu : UU menyerahkan sepenuhnya kepada partai politik perihal masa jabatan ketua umum partai politik. Sebagaimana yang dijelaskan dalam pasal 23 ayat (1) yang berbunyi “Pergantian kepengurusan partai politik di setiap tingkatan dilakukan sesuai dengan AD dan ART”. Akibat dari tidak diatur secara spesifik mengenai masa jabatan ketua umum partai politik dalam UU Partai Politik, dalam praktiknya kebanyakan dari ketua umum partai politik menduduki jabatan tersebut lebih dari 10 tahun atau dengan kata lain, lebih dari 2 periode. Partai politik memiliki peran (kekuasaan) yang sangat penting dalam sistem ketatanegaraan dan demokrasi di Indonesia. hal ini dapat dilihat dari fungsi partai politik sebagai rekrutmen politik, yang dimana partai politik menjadi gerbang utama untuk menempati jabatan politik, baik di lembaga eksekutif maupun legislatif. Karena kekuasaan yang sangat besar tersebut seringkali pengelolaan partai tidak sepenuhnya didasarkan atas aturan dan prosedur yang ada, melainkan ditentukan oleh kebijakan yang dibuat sangat subjektif berdasarkan kepentingan personal dari ketua umum partai partai politik. Oleh karena itu, pembatasan kekuasaan ketua umum partai politik menjadi sangat penting untuk diatur sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip negara hukum yang demokratis. pembatasan kekuasaan tersebut antara lain yaitu dengan membatasi masa jabatan ketua umum partai politik. Hal ini sejalan dengan jabatan-jabatan publik pada umumnya yang mengatur tentang pembatasan masa jabatan tersebut, yakni dengan membatasi masa jabatan tersebut selama 5 (lima) tahun dan sesudahnya dapat dipilih kembali hanya untuk 1 (satu) kali masa jabata

Media Ombudsmen on the Scale in Africa: How Journalists Assess the Cameroon National Communication Council’s Sanction and Non-Suit Decisions of 2013-2015

This study is an assessment of the content of the Cameroon National Communication Council’s (NCC) sanction and non-suit decisions by journalists. The purpose is to determine the perceptions Cameroon journalists have of their National Communication Council and its decisions and to establish a correlation between the perceptions and the content of the decisions.” A survey of 108 journalists working in 40 media houses across four major regions in the country was conducted between the 11th of May and the 19th of June 2015. A textual analysis of 31 NCC sanction and non-suit decisions issued from the 5th of September 2013 to the 24th of February 2015 was also done. The results show that 59.3% of the respondents from the survey and 61.3% of data from the textual analysis indicate that NCC sanctions are protective of state officials and VIPs.  Paradoxically, most of the respondents made positive assessments of the NCC decisions in relation to accusations that the decisions were biased, selective and politically motivated with 64.8% and 57.4 % in disagreement as compared to 35.2% and 42.6% in agreement, for the survey and textual analysis respectively.  But the findings also reveal that there is a common opinion amongst sanctioned and unsanctioned journalists that the government has an influence on NCC decisions. The study, therefore, recommends that NCC should not focus only on sanctioning journalists and media houses but should also work to encourage journalists and press freedom through the organisation of capacity building workshops for journalists in order to build their capacity to respect professionalism.  NCC should also communicate the justifications of their decisions to dispel the opinion that their decisions are influenced by the government

PENGENALAN PRODUK BANANA MILK DALAM PROGAM PENGABDIAN MAHASISWA DI DESA TUNGGULO SELATAN, KABUPATEN BONE BOLANGO

Tunggulo selatan adalah salah satu Desa yang terletak di wilayah Kecamatan Tilongkabila Kabupaten Bone Bolango, Provinsi Gorontalo, Indonesia.  Tujuan dari pengenalan terhadap produk ini adalah memberikan peluang untuk masyarakat untuk berwirausaha dengan memanfaatkan  buah-buahan agar menjadi olahan yang menarik dan disukai oleh semua orang. Di era modern ini pesaing usaha semakin banyak dan maju. Masyarakat dituntut agar lebih keratif dalam mengolah usaha yang modern juga.Banana Milk adalah salah satu bentuk usaha yang tetap memperhatikan  khasiat bagi kesehatan apalagi sekarang ini banyak sekali orang-orang yang kurang menyukai buah yang belum diolah makanya dibuat olahan yang praktis selain kaya akan manfaat juga bisa mengenyangkan konsumen.Adapun objek dari pengenalan produk usaha ini iadalah masyarakat UKM maupun masyarakat yang mempunyai minat untuk berwirausaha. Dimana Masyarakat diperkenalkan dengan menjelaskan bagaimana proses dan juga output maupun input dari produk  ini. Produk ini mudah didapatkan  dan juga pembuatannya sederhana serta menguntungkan sehingga dapat meningkatkan produktivitas, pendapatan kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Tunggulo Selatan, Kecamatan Tilongkabila, Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Luaran yang kami hasilkan yakni Banana Milk.Kata Kunci: Pengenalan Produk, Wirausaha, Banana Milk

Molecular mechanisms for the destabilization and restabilization of reactivated spatial memory in the Morris water maze

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Memory retrieval is not a passive process. Recent studies have shown that reactivated memory is destabilized and then restabilized through gene expression-dependent reconsolidation. Molecular studies on the regulation of memory stability after retrieval have focused almost exclusively on fear memory, especially on the restabilization process of the reactivated fear memory. We previously showed that, similarly with fear memories, reactivated spatial memory undergoes reconsolidation in the Morris water maze. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which reactivated spatial memory is destabilized and restabilized remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism that regulates the stability of the reactivated spatial memory.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We first showed that pharmacological inactivation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) in the hippocampus or genetic inhibition of cAMP-responsible element binding protein (CREB)-mediated transcription disrupted reactivated spatial memory. Finally, we showed that pharmacological inhibition of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and L-type voltage gated calcium channels (LVGCCs) in the hippocampus blocked the disruption of the reactivated spatial memory by the inhibition of protein synthesis.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our findings indicated that the reactivated spatial memory is destabilized through the activation of CB1 and LVGCCs and then restabilized through the activation of NMDAR- and CREB-mediated transcription. We also suggest that the reactivated spatial memory undergoes destabilization and restabilization in the hippocampus, through similar molecular processes as those for reactivated contextual fear memories, which require CB1 and LVGCCs for destabilization and NMDAR and CREB for restabilization.</p

PENGARUH PDRB PERIKANAN TERHADAP PENGHIDUPAN BERKELANJUTAN DI SULAWESI

The agricultural industry and fisheries subsector can contribute to improving the economy in Indonesia, specially on the island of Sulawesi. This research aims to analyze trends in agricultural GRDP in the fisheries subsector and its influence on the sustainable livelihood of the community. The method applied in this research is descriptive analysis and panel data regression analysis which is carried out by testing data normality using the e-views 9 testing tool. Data collection techniques include observation, documentation, and literature study. The results of this research show 1). The GDP trend in the agricultural and fisheries sectors on Sulawesi Island shows a positive increase which supports the region's economy. Although both sectors experienced fluctuations due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the fisheries sector recovered significantly in 2021 with a growth rate of 6.23%, which was driven by the recovery of export markets and government support, while the agricultural industry remains stable thanks to modernization and infrastructure improvements, 2). Its influence on community welfare, as measured through life expectancy (AHH), also shows positive results; around 73.42% of the variation in AHH in Sulawesi is influenced by changes in GRDP in the fisheries sector, which reflects that the increase in this sector is in line with improvements in the quality of life of the community. Both of these results show positive results, so increasing the contribution of agricultural GDP to the fisheries subsector plays an important role in community welfare.Sektor pertanian dan subsektor perikanan mampu memberikan kontribusi dalam peningkatan perekonomian di Indonesia khususnya Pulau Sulawesi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis trend PDRB pertanian subsektor perikanan dan pengaruhnya terhadap penghidupan keberlanjutan masyarakat. Metode yang di aplikasikan dalam penelitian ini yakni analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi panel data yang dilakukan dengan uji normalitas data menggunakan alat pengujian e-views 9. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, dokumentasi dan studi pustaka. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan 1). Trend PDRB sektor pertanian dan perikanan di Pulau Sulawesi menunjukkan peningkatan positif yang mendukung perekonomian wilayah ini. Walaupun kedua sektor mengalami fluktuasi akibat pandemi COVID-19 pada tahun 2020, sektor perikanan pulih secara signifikan pada 2021 dengan tingkat pertumbuhan 6,23%, yang didorong oleh pemulihan pasar ekspor dan dukungan pemerintah, sementara sektor pertanian tetap stabil berkat modernisasi dan perbaikan infrastruktur,  2). Pengaruhnya terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat, yang diukur melalui penghidupan berkelanjutan (AHH) juga menunjukkan hasil positif; sekitar 73,42% variasi AHH di Sulawesi dipengaruhi oleh perubahan PDRB sektor perikanan, yang mencerminkan bahwa peningkatan sektor ini sejalan dengan peningkatan kualitas hidup masyarakat. Dengan demikian, optimalisasi subsektor perikanan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat secara berkelanjutan

Agricultural and Water Harvesting Opportunities in Kenya, via a Crowd-Sourced, Citizen Science Hybrid Paradigm

This is potential joint collaborative research between the Purdue University and citizens of Kenya via the Global Engineering Program in the areas of agriculture in water harvesting. Specifically, in the rural part of Kenya, outside of Nairobi, lives can be greatly impacted. Libraries of tomorrow will have global capacity and responsibility to serve all aspects of global citizenry. Herein is one possible Kenyan example. In partnership with the Tinmore Institute, an International Food, Water, and Energy Security team of experts, such international collaboration with Purdue\u27s Global Engineering program could be quite successful within the areas of agricultural and water security sustainability. Moreover, Purdue’s expertise and reputation as a global leader in research and scholarship can be further demonstrated

Raspberry Pi, A Sustainable Internet Connectivity Solution for Master Craftsmen: A Case Study of Kenya Technical Trainers College

PCF10 Sub-theme: Inspiring Innovations // The current educational disruption brought on by the Covid-19 epidemic has prompted a slew of investments and the usage of educational technologies for blended and virtual Learning. Despite the importance of online learning for emergency remote learning in most educational institutions, internet limitations in the country has remained a concern, making learning difficult. In response to this, KTTC in collaboration with COL, identified a Raspberry Pi technology to help and mitigate the internet issue. A study was done to ascertain this claim. A thousand trainees from five county regions in Kenya were chosen to undertake courses in master craftsmen. The courses were blended, that meant that trainers would take the trainees in face to face sessions and KTTC would provide internet connectivity through the use of Raspberry Pi to the training shades. A Raspberry Pi, would provide sufficient internet to 30 trainees sited at a distance of 70 meters from each other without the need to simulate existing internet connectivity. The study showed that it is possible to provide cheap internet to remote areas of a given region, hence enhancing the blended approaches to training. This case study recommends the implementation of Raspberry Pi use in sustainable internet provision. It further allows more research to be done to ascertain its findings. // Paper ID 445

中高生の月経，月経痛，鎮静剤使用状況に関する研究

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