The improvement of wavelet-based multilinear regression for suspended sediment load modeling by considering the physiographic characteristics of the watershed

Abstract The aim of this study is to model a relationship between the amount of the suspended sediment load by considering the physiographic characteristics of the Lake Urmia watershed. For this purpose, the information from different stations was used to develop the sediment estimation models. Ten physiographic characteristics were used as input parameters in the simulation process. The M5 model tree was used to select the most important features. The results showed that the four factors of annual discharge, average annual rainfall, form factor and the average elevation of the watershed were the most important parameters, and the multilinear regression models were created based on these factors. Furthermore, it was concluded that the annual discharge was the most influential parameter. Then, the stations were divided into two homogeneous classes based on the selected features. To improve the efficiency of the M5 model, the non-stationary rainfall and runoff signals were decomposed into sub-signals by the wavelet transform (WT). By this technique, the available trends of the main raw signals were eliminated. Finally, the models were developed by multilinear regressions. The model using all four factors had the best performance (DC = 0.93, RMSE = 0.03, ME = 0.05 and RE = 0.15)

Communication Patterns and Related Factors among Iranian Couples: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Given the effect of various factors on the use of communication patterns by couples, this study aimed to determine the most common communication pattern among couples and related factors in Sari, northern Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 520 people (260 couples) in Sari. Data were collected using a demographic–fertility factors questionnaire, Enrich couple scale, communication patterns questionnaire, general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), and NEO personality inventory. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 25 using descriptive and inferential statistics (multiple regression model). Results: While the mean (standard deviation) age of women included in the study was 34.08 (7.71) years, the mean age of men was 39.13 (9.18) years. The most common communication patterns in both women and men was the mutual constructive communication, whereas the lowest frequent communication pattern was the demand/withdraw communication in both men and women. Marital satisfaction had a significant positive correlation with mutual constructive communication pattern in women and men (P = 0.001). In addition, a significant inverse correlation was observed between the number of marriage to date, women’s age, and spouses' demand/withdraw communication pattern with mutual constructive communication pattern in women. Also, a significant inverse correlation was observed between flexibility (P = 0.047), number of marriages (P = 0.013), and the wives' age (P = 0.005) with mutual constructive communication pattern in men. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it is necessary to recognize the factors related to couples’ communication patterns in order to improve the communication patterns so that marital conflicts could be avoided while a more effective communication is established.  Keywords: communication patterns, couples, personality characteristics, marital satisfaction, public healt

A Comparative Study of Transference of Humor in Translations of “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” by Mark Twain

Translation is a difficult and complex task. Some elements such as linguistic and socio-cultural differences in two languages make it difficult to choose an appropriate equivalent; the equivalent which has the same effect in the target language. In the present study, one of the richest sources of the humor and satire is investigated. Humor is completely obvious in “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” by Mark Twain. He tried to laugh at social and cultural problems of his time by this novel. Two translations of this book by Hushang Pirnazar and Najaf Daryabandari are investigated. The author tries to investigate on transference of humor from the source language to the target language by a syntactic strategy of Chesterman. By investigating the text, it will be found out that which translator is more successful in recreation of humor by using the strategies

Comparative Analysis of Segment Anything Model and U-Net for Breast Tumor Detection in Ultrasound and Mammography Images

In this study, the main objective is to develop an algorithm capable of identifying and delineating tumor regions in breast ultrasound (BUS) and mammographic images. The technique employs two advanced deep learning architectures, namely U-Net and pretrained SAM, for tumor segmentation. The U-Net model is specifically designed for medical image segmentation and leverages its deep convolutional neural network framework to extract meaningful features from input images. On the other hand, the pretrained SAM architecture incorporates a mechanism to capture spatial dependencies and generate segmentation results. Evaluation is conducted on a diverse dataset containing annotated tumor regions in BUS and mammographic images, covering both benign and malignant tumors. This dataset enables a comprehensive assessment of the algorithm's performance across different tumor types. Results demonstrate that the U-Net model outperforms the pretrained SAM architecture in accurately identifying and segmenting tumor regions in both BUS and mammographic images. The U-Net exhibits superior performance in challenging cases involving irregular shapes, indistinct boundaries, and high tumor heterogeneity. In contrast, the pretrained SAM architecture exhibits limitations in accurately identifying tumor areas, particularly for malignant tumors and objects with weak boundaries or complex shapes. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate deep learning architectures tailored for medical image segmentation. The U-Net model showcases its potential as a robust and accurate tool for tumor detection, while the pretrained SAM architecture suggests the need for further improvements to enhance segmentation performance

Comparison Of Letterʼs Structure In Meibody And Tafreshi Composition

Composition is one of the old kinds in Persian literature which has determined structure that it wrote in three sections. In Safavi and Teimouri dynasty current sample prose and some of authors have not enough science, then this determine structure to be omitted. For ther more, some of authors try to write his letter base on previous period. As it is seen, the composition of this period divided to two sections. one of it has new method and another has old method . This paper investigates letters structure in Meibody book and Tafreshi book. Result research show that Meibody is following at previous method. He uses at Arabic and Farsi prayer in beginning of his letter and he wish that his addressing has longevity. He uses at simple and compound adjective is another manner at Meibody to create a letter similar to old book. We can say Meibody is one of the last authors that write his letter base on three sections. Tafreshi tries to write letters in new method. In fact in his letter we can not see limits betwixt beginning, text and end of letters. He omit simple and compound adjective in his letter, and tries to create a text which it is different with another book

Experimental and Theoretical Study on the CH4 Adsorption by Granular and Microporous Activated Carbon

Adsorbed natural gas (ANG) by Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) has been widely investigated as an alternative to CNG and LNG technologies for storage and transportation of natural gas. In the present work, a theoretical and experimental study was conducted to accurately determine the amount of adsorption of CH4 by GAC. To carry out the experiments, the volumetric method was used up to 4 MPa at constant temperature of 298 K. Also, various adsorption isotherm models were used to model the experimental data collected from the experiments. The accuracy of the results              obtained from the adsorption isotherm models was compared and the values for the regressed parameters were reported. The results shows that the amount of CH4 adsorbed is dependent on the physical characteristics of activated carbons. Moreover, the Toth, two term TVFM and Sips isotherm models show good agreement with the experimental data

Clonal dissemination of Staphylococcus aureus isolates causing nosocomial infections, Tehran, Iran

Objective(s): In the current research, the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus clones and genes encoding antimicrobial resistance and toxins were examined among 120 S. aureus strains from nosocomial infections in tehran, Iran.Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility was examined, based on disk diffusion and PCR method to identify resistance and toxin-encoding genes. Based on the polymorphisms in SCCmec, agr, spa, and MLST, the isolates were typed. Results: Among 120 S. aureus isolates, 85 (70.8%) were  methicilin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and 35 (29.2%) were methicilin sensetive S. aureus (MSSA). The tested isolates contained resistance genes, including ant(4΄)-Ia (90%), aac(6΄)-Ie/aph(2˝) (80%), aph(3΄)-IIIa (30%), erm(A) (26.7%), erm(B) (10.8%), erm(C) (11.7%), msr(A) (40.8%), msr(B) (14.2%), tet(M) (45.8%), and mupA (8.3%). The MRSA strains were clustered into six different clones. The most common genotypes included ST239-SCCmec III/t037 (23.3%), ST239-SCCmec III/t388 (22.5%), ST22-SCCmec IV/t790 (8.3%), ST15-SCCmec IV/t084 (7.5%), ST585-SCCmec III/t713 (5%), and ST239-SCCmec III/t924 (4.2%), respectively. ST182/t196 (8.3%) and ST123/t171 (5%) belonged exclusively to MSSA strains. Overall, 10 (66.7%) and 5 (33.3%) out of 15 isolates with pvl genes were attributed to clones ST22-SCCmec IV/t790 and ST15-SCCmec IV/t084, respectively. ST22-SCCmec IV/t790, ST239-SCCmec III/t037, and ST15-SCCmec IV/t084, were related to high-level mupirocin-resistant phenotypes.  Conclusion: The genetic diversity of S. aureus was confirmed in our hospitals, and ST239-SCCmec III/t037 showed a relatively high prevalence in our study. It seems that assessment of resistance and virulence genes in different S. aureus molecular types is necessary for proper antibiotic consumption

Lead and cadmium levels in raw bovine milk and dietary risk assessment in areas near petroleum extraction industries

P. 308-314Oil fields are a source of heavy metal pollution, but few studies have evaluated its impact on the intake of these contaminants through milk, an important food especially for children. From February 2015 to 2016, 118 samples of raw cow's milk, 14 of fodder and 8 of water in Southwest Iran were collected from farms close to oil fields or related industries. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels were evaluated by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Mean ± SE in milk and fodder were 47.0 ± 3.9 and 54.0 ± 6.9 μg/kg for Pb, and 4.7 ± 1.0 and 3.5 ± 1.3 μg/kg for Cd. No Pb or Cd was detected in water. Most milk samples (82.2%) for Pb were above the permissible limits (20 μg/kg). Exposure to Pb and Cd from milk consumption was calculated in two scenarios: mean and maximum exposure for the age range of 2–90 years. The intake of an average Iranian adult (25 years, 60 kg b. w., 0.14 kg milk/day) would be 6.6 μg Pb and 0.66 μg Cd/day (WI of 46.2 and 4.6 μg, respectively), well below the risk values proposed by some international organizations, even in the maximum exposure scenario. However, Pb exposure for infants and toddlers may be closer to the risk values, since milk and milk products could be the main contributor to Cd and Pb, and small children consume 2–3 times more food than adults relative to their body weight. The risk of Pb and Cd exposure through milk close to oil fields should be considered and a monitoring plan for these contaminants is strongly recommended.S

Drying and deposition of poly(ethylene oxide) droplets determined by P\'eclet number

We report results of a detailed experimental investigation into the drying of sessile droplets of aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) polymer solutions under various experimental conditions. Samples are prepared with a range of initial concentrations c_0 and are filtered to remove traces of undissolved PEO clusters. In typical experiments, droplets with initial volumes between 5\muL and 50\muL are left to evaporate while temperature and relative humidity are monitored. Droplets either form a disk-like solid "puddle" or a tall conical "pillar". The droplet mass is monitored using a microbalance and the droplet profile is recorded regularly using a digital camera. Subsequent processing of the data allows values of droplet volume V, surface area A, base radius R, contact angle {\theta} and height h to be determined throughout drying. From this data we identify four stages during pillar formation: pinned drying; pseudo-dewetting; bootstrap building; solid contraction and propose physical models to explain key aspects of each stage and to predict the transition from each stage to the next. The experimental parameters of relative humidity, temperature, pressure, droplet volume and initial contact angle are all systematically varied and observed to influence the drying process and consequently whether the droplet forms a pillar or a puddle. We combine these parameters into a dimensionless P\'eclet number Pe, which compares the relative effects of evaporation and diffusion, and show that the drying behaviour is only dependent on c_0 and Pe.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figure