Thyroid Nodule Image Analysis using Morphological Segmentation

Computer-aided investigative processing has become an important part of medical practice. New growth of high expertise and use of a choice of imaging modalities, more confront arise so that high rate information can be produced for disease finding and behavior. Ultrasonography of Thyroid gland is the most common, portable, widely accessible, cheap, painless and secure. It is used to distinct the thyroid nodule images that are classified into two categories: (i) benign thyroid ample, (ii) malignant lump of thyroid gland. In this paper, Mathematical Morphology is used to segment the thyroid region and measure the area, perimeter, width and height of the thyroid area. Thyroid nodule images are taken from twenty peoples as samples.Keywords— Thyroid, Morphological operation, Ultrasound, Segmentation, Tumo

Factors influencing shell size and shape in Donax incarnatus (Gmelin) inhabiting Panambur sandy beach, Mangalore, India

475-483The samples of wedge clam Donax incarnatus (Gmelin), sediment and seawater were collected for a period of 12 months from Panambur sandy beach, near Mangalore. A total of 2258 individuals of D. incarnatus were subjected to analysis. The air (27.5-31.2 oC), sand (28.5-36 oC) and seawater (25-32.2 oC) temperatures showed seasonal fluctuations. The dissolved oxygen (3.29-4.55 ml L-1) and salinity (30.24-34.84 x 10-3) of seawaters showed variations. Fine sand dominated (75.09 to 94.2%) throughout the period of study, followed by medium sand (1.51 to 20.65%). The density (89 to 39446 no. m-2) and biomass (124 to 1892 g. m-2) of wedge clams showed marked variations during breeding season. Principal component analysis of biological variables and environmental parameters showed six components which together accounted for 90.39% of total variance. The component 1 (dissolved oxygen, density, biomass, wet weight, dry) accounted for 24.02% of total variance followed by component 2 (air, water and sediment temperatures, salinity and b values of length-breadth and length-dry weight relationships) for 20.64% of total variance and component 3 (mean shell length, mean shell breadth, mean shell width) for 17.27% of total variance. The rest of the variance of 28.46% was accounted for component 4 (medium sand, fine sand, very fine sand), component 5 (coarse sand, b value of length-wet weight relationship, b value of length-width relationship) and component 6 (silt & clay). The hierarchical cluster analysis produced a dendrogram with six sub-groups of clusters. The temporal variability of six factor scores was delineated using factor analysis

X-ray structure and activity analysis of 3-bromomethyl -2-chloro-quinoline

The structure of 3-bromomethyl-2-chloro-quinoline crystallizes in the triclinic crystal space group P‘1 with unit cell parameters a=6.587(2), b=7.278(3), c=10.442(3) Å, a= 83.59(3)°, b= 75.42(2)°, g= 77.39(3)°, Z= 2, V= 471.9(3)Å3. The structure has converged to a final R-value of 0.0734. The phenyl Ring-B has normal geometry while the pyridine Ring-A has slightly distorted conformation. The asymmetry parameter calculations, i.e., DC2 and DCs for the pyridine ring indicates that the structure is planar. There exists one intramolecular hydrogen bonded interaction of the type C-H…Cl and one C-H…N intermolecular interaction. The structure is stabilized by Van der Waals forces

2-{2-[3-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2-yl­oxy]eth­oxy}ethanol

In the title compound, C20H19N3O3, the inter­planar angle between the benzimidazole unit and the quinoline unit is 25.1 (2)°. Two different hydrogen bonds involving the hydr­oxy group and the imidazole unit are present. An intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond links the hydr­oxy group of the side chain with the imidazole unit, forming a 12-membered ring, and an inter­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond links the mol­ecules, forming chains in the crystallographic b direction

3-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-chloro-8-methyl­quinoline

Two independent mol­ecules of the title compound, C17H12ClN3, are present in the structure. The angle between the planes defined by the atoms of the benzimidazole unit and the quinoline unit are 45.2 (3) and 44.0 (3)°, indicating an essentially identical conformation for both mol­ecules. Each of the independent mol­ecules is linked with a symmetry equivalent by an inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond involving the two benzimidazole N atoms, to form chains in the crystallographic c direction

A bibliography of parasites and diseases of marine and freshwater fishes of India

With the increasing demand for fish as human food, aquaculture both in freshwater and salt water is rapidly developing over the world. In the developing countries, fishes are being raised as food. In many countries fish farming is a very important economic activity. The most recent branch, mariculture, has shown advances in raising fishes in brackish, estuarine and bay waters, in which marine, anadromous and catadromous fishes have successfully been grown and maintained

Health-related effects and improving extractability of cereal arabinoxylans

Arabinoxylans (AXs) are major dietary fibers. They are composed of backbone chains of -(1–4)- linked xylose residues to which -l-arabinose are linked in the second and/or third carbon positions. Recently, AXs have attracted a great deal of attention because of their biological activities such as their immunomodulatory potential. Extraction of AXs has some difficulties; therefore, various methods have beenusedto increase the extractability ofAXs withvaryingdegrees of success, suchas alkaline, enzymatic, mechanical extraction. However, some of these treatments have been reported to be either expensive, such as enzymatic treatments, or produce hazardous wastes and are non-environmentally friendly, such as alkaline treatments. On the other hand, mechanical assisted extraction, especially extrusion cooking, is an innovative pre-treatment that has been used to increase the solubility of AXs. The aim of the current review article is to point out the health-related effects and to discuss the current research on the extraction methods of AXs