Detection and Evaluation of Effective of Digital Communication of Drug on Human Body

Nowadays, there is a wide using of mobile and internet from various ages, due to some bad systems which they work to send signals(sound wave frequency) within the music or will be spread to affect the brain of the humankind. Therefore, this paper expresses thedetection and evaluation of (the signal of sound frequency) which influence the human brain, it has been measured some frequency byprogramming in the mobile and found a trend to detect such frequencies and a way to produce a human being from it

Adequacy and Availability of Instructional Materials for Teaching Business Education Students Office Management Skills in Public Colleges of Education in Niger State, Nigeria

In Niger State's public colleges of education, the study looked at how well and easily accessible instructional materials were for teaching business education students office management skills. The study formulated two null hypotheses and two research questions were raised. The researchers review some previous research work that is related to the current study. The researcher looked at a lot of literature from books, journals, magazines, special reports, the internet, and other sources. The researchers used a survey research design to carry out this study. For this study, sixty-seven (67) lecturers of Business Education from public Colleges Education in Niger State form the inhabitants of the study. There was no sample size because the total inhabitants of the study was very small. A study instrument with the title: For the purpose of data collection, the phrase "Adequacy and Availability of Instructional Materials for Teaching Office Management Skills (AAIMTOMS)" was used. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions raised in carry out this study, and t-test statistics were used to test the two null hypotheses formulated for this study at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed among other things, that two of the ten identified instructional materials were neither adequate nor available for teaching office management skills to business education students in Niger State's public colleges of education. It was concluded in this study that the government, school administrators, and other stakeholders in secondary education should make available adequate instructional materials for teaching office management skills in business education in Colleges of Education in Niger State so as to make the recipient of the programme better in the world of work

Effects of fermented soya bean supplements on lipid profile and oxidative stress biomarkers in high fat diet-induced Type 2 diabetes mellitus in rabbits

Background: High fat diets are known to increase body weight and fat mass, induce alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, leading to insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fermented soya bean supplements on lipid profile and oxidative stress biomarkers in high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rabbits.Methods: Twenty rabbits weighing between 1kg – 2kg were used for the study. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by feeding the animals with high fat diet (2% cholesterol, 20% groundnut meal, 10% groundnut oil) for eight weeks. Rabbits having fasting blood glucose levels of 7.2 mmol/L (130mg/dL) and above after the induction period were selected for the study. The animals were grouped into four groups of five rabbits each: Group 1 (diabetic control), received distilled water ad libitum for six weeks; groups 2, 3 and 4 (diabetic rabbits) were fed with 12.5%, 25% and 50% fermented soya bean supplements respectively for six weeks. Thereafter, the rabbits were sacrificed and blood samples obtained for analyses. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: There was a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in triglyceride and LDL concentrations in the group fed 50% fermented soya bean supplements and a significant increase in HDL levels (p ≤ 0.05) in all the fermented soya bean supplemented groups when compared with the diabetic control group. The result also showed a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in malondialdehyde concentration in all the treated groups when compared with the control group. Superoxide dismutase was significantly decreased in the group fed 12.5% and 25% fermented soya bean supplements while catalase was significantly decreased in the group fed 12.5% fermented soya bean supplement when compared with the control group.Conclusion: Fermented soya bean supplements decreased lipid profile and improved antioxidant activities in diabetic rabbits and may prove beneficial in the management of hyperlipidaemia and oxidative stress in diabetic patients.Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, fermented soya beans, high fat diet, hyperlipidaemia, lipid profile, oxidative stress biomarker

Removal of Copper (II) from Wastewater Using Modified Carbon Nanotubes

In the present work, carbon nanotubes were prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method, acetylene gas was used as a carbon source. In CVD system, a catalytic growth of CNTs is carried out by decomposition of acetylene (C2H2 ) at a temperature of 750 0C for one hour ,argon is used as an oxidation protection gas. The carbon nanotubes produced are purified to remove impurities such as metal catalyst and then functionalized by treating with HNO3. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FT-IR spectra and BET for Surface Area measurement technique were used for characterization of CNTs. CNTs with about 30 nm in diameter and with length of several microns were obtained. The effects of initial concentration of metal (ppm), pH, carbon nanotube (CNT) dosage (mg) and contact time (min) on the adsorption of Cu+2 ion were studied. The results show that the pH of aqueous solution is one of the major parameters that control the adsorption of ion at the solid-water interfaces. Maximum removal percentage of Cu+2 species is achieved at pH 8, CNT dosage of 50 mg/L and initial concentration of 50 mg/L and it is 98.39%. The constants of Langmuir and Freundlich models are obtained from fitting the adsorption equilibrium data. The correlation coefficients of Langmuir and Freundlich models are 0.75 and 1, respectively, indicating that the Freundlich model is more appropriate to describe the adsorption characteristics of Cu+2 onto CNTs

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Effects of clove and fermented ginger on blood glucose, leptin, insulin and insulin receptor levels in high fat diet- induced type 2 diabetic rabbits

Summary: The aimed of this research is to evaluate the effects of clove and fermented ginger supplements on blood glucose, serum insulin, insulin receptor and Leptin levels of high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rabbits. Clove and ginger are spices with records of medicinal value over decades. Thirty males rabbits weighing, 1–1.5kg were used for the research. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding the animals with a high fat diet for a period of eight weeks. Blood glucose levels were determined after the induction period and rabbits having 140 mg/dL and above were selected for the study. The animals were grouped into six groups with five (n=5) rabbits in each group: Group 1 (Normoglycemic control group.) received normal feed and distilled water ad libitum for six weeks; Group 2 (Diabetic negative control group.) received normal feed and distilled water ad libitum for six weeks; Groups 3 (Diabetic positive control.) received cholestran 0.26g/kg and normal feed for a period of six weeks; Group 4 and 5 (diabetic rabbits) were fed on 12.5%, clove and 12.5% fermented ginger respectively for a period of six weeks; while Group 6 were co-fed on 12.5% clove and 12.5% fermented ginger for a period of six weeks. Fasting blood glucose levels were determined at weekly interval during the treatment period. At the end of the experiment, the rabbits were euthanized by cervical dislocation and blood samples were collected for the determination of insulin, insulin receptor and leptin levels. A significantly (P<0.05) decrease in blood glucose levels was recorded in the supplements treated groups compared to diabetic control group. Clove supplement been most effective and sustaining in antihyperglycemic activity, also appears with a significant decreasing effect on leptin levels compared to diabetic control group. A significant increase in insulin levels was also noted in the fermented ginger treated group along with higher levels of Leptin compared as compared to control group. In conclusion the result of the study show that clove and fermented ginger supplementation possesses anti-diabetic properties and may help in the control of hyperleptinaemia in type 2 diabetes.Keywords: Clove, Ginger, Type 2 Diabetes, Leptin and Insuli

Optimum operating parameters for PES nanocomposite membranes for mebeverine hydrochloride removal

This study aims to optimize operating parameters of the effect of embedded silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) and modified silica NPs with polyethylenimine (PEI) (SiO2-g-PEI NPs) into polyethersulfone (PES) to fabricate a mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. The performance of modified MMMs was compared in the separation of Mebeverine hydrochloride (MBV) from aqueous pharmaceutical wastewater. In order to produce a particular quantity of flux and rejection above desired levels, an optimization technique was used to find the best values for various important process parameters. To enhance the effectiveness on a bigger scale, response surface methodology (RSM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were utilized as mathematical and statistical approaches. This study examined the effects of operational parameters on the PES-NPs membranes permeate flux and MBV rejection for each sample. These parameters included SiO2/or SiO2-g-PEI NPs content (0.7–1 wt %), solution feed pH values (4-10), and MBV concentration (10–100 ppm). A mathematical model to calculate the permeate flux and rejection (%) was established. The results showed that the SiO2 MMMs had the best performance of 38.27 LMH permeate flux and 81.26% of MBV rejection, while the permeate flux and MBV rejection % for SiO2-g-PEI MMMs were 104.11LMH and 99.00%. The SiO2 wt % of 0.8447%, MBV concentration of 98.18 ppm, and pH of 4 were the optimal parameters for the SiO2 MMMs, while the optimal parameters for SiO2-g-PEI MMMs were SiO2-g-PEI wt. % of 0.93%, MBV concentration of 22.7 ppm, and pH of 4.79 for eliciting the optimum response

Characteristics and Outcomes of Liver Transplantation Recipients after Tranexamic Acid Treatment and Platelet Transfusion: A Retrospective Single-Centre Experience

Background and Objectives: Patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) often require increased blood product transfusion due to pre-existing coagulopathy and intraoperative fibrinolysis. Strategies to minimise intraoperative bleeding and subsequent blood product requirements include platelet transfusion and tranexamic acid (TXA). Prophylactic TXA administration has been shown to reduce bleeding and blood product requirements intraoperatively. However, its clinical use is still debated. The aim of this study was to report on a single-centre practice and analyse clinical characteristics and outcomes of LT recipients according to intraoperative treatment of TXA or platelet transfusion. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study in which we reviewed 162 patients’ records. Characteristics, intraoperative requirement of blood products, postoperative development of thrombosis and outcomes were compared between patients without or with intraoperative TXA treatment and without or with platelet transfusion. Results: Intraoperative treatment of TXA and platelets was 53% and 57.40%, respectively. Patients who required intraoperative administration of TXA or platelet transfusion also required more transfusion of blood products. Neither TXA nor platelet transfusion were associated with increased postoperative development of hepatic artery and portal vein thrombosis, 90-day mortality or graft loss. There was a significant increase in the median length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay in those who received platelet transfusion only (2.00 vs. 3.00 days; p = 0.021). Time to extubate was significantly different in both those who required TXA and platelet transfusion intraoperatively. Conclusions: Our analysis indicates that LT recipients still required copious intraoperative transfusion of blood products, despite the use of intraoperative TXA and platelets. Our findings have important implications for current transfusion practice in LT recipients and may guide clinicians to act upon these findings, which will support global efforts to encourage a wider use of TXA to reduce transfusion requirements, including platelets

Characteristics and Outcomes of Liver Transplantation Recipients after Tranexamic Acid Treatment and Platelet Transfusion: A Retrospective Single-Centre Experience

Background and Objectives: Patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) often require increased blood product transfusion due to pre-existing coagulopathy and intraoperative fibrinolysis. Strategies to minimise intraoperative bleeding and subsequent blood product requirements include platelet transfusion and tranexamic acid (TXA). Prophylactic TXA administration has been shown to reduce bleeding and blood product requirements intraoperatively. However, its clinical use is still debated. The aim of this study was to report on a single-centre practice and analyse clinical characteristics and outcomes of LT recipients according to intraoperative treatment of TXA or platelet transfusion. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study in which we reviewed 162 patients’ records. Characteristics, intraoperative requirement of blood products, postoperative development of thrombosis and outcomes were compared between patients without or with intraoperative TXA treatment and without or with platelet transfusion. Results: Intraoperative treatment of TXA and platelets was 53% and 57.40%, respectively. Patients who required intraoperative administration of TXA or platelet transfusion also required more transfusion of blood products. Neither TXA nor platelet transfusion were associated with increased postoperative development of hepatic artery and portal vein thrombosis, 90-day mortality or graft loss. There was a significant increase in the median length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay in those who received platelet transfusion only (2.00 vs. 3.00 days; p = 0.021). Time to extubate was significantly different in both those who required TXA and platelet transfusion intraoperatively. Conclusions: Our analysis indicates that LT recipients still required copious intraoperative transfusion of blood products, despite the use of intraoperative TXA and platelets. Our findings have important implications for current transfusion practice in LT recipients and may guide clinicians to act upon these findings, which will support global efforts to encourage a wider use of TXA to reduce transfusion requirements, including platelets

Enhanced Antifouling in Flat-Sheet Polyphenylsulfone Membranes Incorporating Graphene Oxide–Tungsten Oxide for Ultrafiltration Applications

In this study tungsten oxide and graphene oxide (GO-WO2.89) were successfully combined using the ultra-sonication method and embedded with polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) to prepare novel low-fouling membranes for ultrafiltration applications. The properties of the modified membranes and performance were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle (CA), water permeation flux, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection. It was found that the modified PPSU membrane fabricated from 0.1 wt.% of GO-WO2.89 possessed the best characteristics, with a 40.82° contact angle and 92.94% porosity. The permeation flux of the best membrane was the highest. The pure water permeation flux of the best membrane showcased 636.01 L·m−2·h−1 with 82.86% BSA rejection. Moreover, the membranes (MR-2 and MR-P2) manifested a higher flux recovery ratio (FRR %) of 92.66 and 87.06%, respectively, and were less prone to BSA solution fouling. The antibacterial performance of the GO-WO2.89 composite was very positive with three different concentrations, observed via the bacteria count method. These results significantly overtake those observed by neat PPSU membranes and offer a promising potential of GO-WO2.89 on activity membrane performance