Methyl 2-(3a,8a-dimethyl-4-oxodeca­hydro­azulen-6-yl)acrylate

The title compound, C16H24O3, was synthesized from ilicic acid, which was isolated from the aerial part of Inula viscosa­ (L) Aiton [or Dittrichia viscosa­ (L) Greuter]. The asymmetric unit contains two independent mol­ecules, in each of which the seven-membered ring shows a chair conformation, whereas the five-membered ring presents disorder. In the two molecules, three C atoms in the five-membered ring are disordered over two positions with site-occupancy factors of 0.53/0.47 and 0.83/0.17. The dihedral angle between the two rings is different in the two mol­ecules [31.7 (3) and 47.7 (7)°]. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen-bond inter­actions

3-[4-(Dimethyl­amino)­phen­yl]-1-(4a,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octa­hydro­naphthalen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one

The title compound, C23H31NO, was semisynthesized from isocostic acid, isolated from the aerial part of Inula Viscosa­ (L) Aiton [or Dittrichia Viscosa­ (L) Greuter]. The cyclo­hexene ring has a half-chair conformation, whereas the cyclo­hexane ring displays a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the latter ring and its substituent is 83.6 (7)°

1-(4a,8-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octa­hydro­naphthalen-2-yl)-3-(4-methyl­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-one

The title compound, C22H28O, was isolated from the aerial part of Inula viscosa­ (L) Aiton [or Dittrichia viscosa­ (L) Greuter]. The cyclo­hexene ring has a half-chair conformation, whereas the cyclo­hexane ring displays a chair conformation being substituted at position 2 by a 3-(4-methyl­phen­yl)prop-2-enoyl group. In the crystal, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link mol­ecules into chains in the [010] direction

1-(4a,8-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octa­hydro­naphthalen-2-yl)-3-phenyl­prop-2-en-1-one

The title compound, C21H26O, was semisynthesized from isocostic acid, isolated from the aerial part of Inula Viscosa­ (L) Aiton [or Dittrichia Viscosa­ (L) Greuter]. The cyclo­hexene ring has a half-chair conformation, whereas the cyclo­hexane ring displays a chair conformation

α-Costic anhydride

The title compound [systematic name: 2-(4a,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octa­hydro­naphthalen-2-yl)acrylic acid anhydride], C30H42O3, is a new isocostic anhydride which was synthesized from the aerial part of Inula Viscosa­ (L) Aiton [or Dittrichia Viscosa­ (L) Greuter]. The mol­ecule adopts an essentially linear shape with two terminal fused-rings bridged by the anhydride group. The external rings have the same conformation (half-chair) while each of the two inner rings has an almost ideal chair conformation. In the crystal, inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions link the mol­ecules into a two-dimensional array in the bc plane

Methyl 2-(8a-hy­droxy-4a-methyl-8-methyl­enedeca­hydro­naphthalen-2-yl)acrylate

The title compound, C16H24O3, was synthesized from ilicic acid which was isolated from the aerial part of Inula Viscosa­ (L) Aiton [or Dittrichia Viscosa­ (L) Greuter]. The mol­ecule contains two fused six-membered rings both in chair conformations. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into chains running parallel to the a axis by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Les « patrimoines ruraux » au Maroc : Un nouveau produit des mobilités contemporaines ?

The concept of « patrimony » (heritage) is currently emerging and being developped in rural areas in Morocco where material and mental elements of agro-pastoral cultures are re-qualified ​​and considered as important assets to preserve for future generations. Revelation, redefinition, protection or development of these assets have emerged in relation to recent processes targeting the economic development and territorial qualification of local products (“terroir products”), landscapes and know-how. However, “mobility” also appears central in these patrimony development dynamics, with, on the one hand, the emergence of new actors on the rural scene such as "experts" in local products development, tourism operators and tourists, rural fairs promoters, and on the other hand the increased circulation of ideas, development models, capital and goods, This working paper aims to analyze patrimony development dynamics and processes in the light of these new dynamics linked to mobility, relocation and circulation that mark the rural contexts. We also analyze how far the increased movement of goods and people in the new dynamics of rural areas in Morocco generate anchoring/dis-anchoring (or associative/dissociative) dynamics, or impact on the relationships between rural and urban patrimonies.La notion de patrimoine est appliquée aujourd’hui au Maroc aux territoires ruraux : les éléments matériels et idéels des systèmes agraires et pastoraux sont investis de nouvelles valeurs et considérés comme des biens à conserver pour les générations futures. Les processus de révélation et de redéfinition de ces « patrimoines » sont souvent mis en relation avec les changements du rapport des sociétés au territoire induits par la valorisation et la qualification des produits, des paysages et des savoirs faire. Dans ces processus, la mobilité des hommes et la circulation des idées, des modèles de développement, des capitaux et des marchandises, jouent un rôle central. Cet article propose d’analyser ces processus à la lumière des nouvelles dynamiques mobilitaires qui marquent les contextes ruraux et où sont impliquées différentes catégories d’acteurs : « experts » actifs dans la valorisation des produits de terroir, entrepreneurs touristiques et touristes, promoteurs des foires à thème. Nous aborderons aussi les effets d’ancrage (ou de « désancrage ») territorial et identitaire, ainsi que les nouvelles relations entre patrimoines ruraux et patrimoines urbains, générés par la circulation accrue des produits et des hommes

1-[(2R,4aR,8R,8aR)-8-Hy­droxy-4a,8-di­methyl­perhydronaphthalen-2-yl]ethan-1-one

The title compound, C14H24O2, was synthesized from ilicic acid, which was isolated from the aerial part of Inula Viscosa­ (L) Aiton [or Dittrichia Viscosa­ (L) Greuter]. The mol­ecule contains two fused six-membered rings, which both display a chair conformation. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into chains propagating along the b axis by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Partnerships between tourism actors for the implementation of sustainability, case of the Marrakech Tensift Elhaouz region

The existence of partnerships between tourism actors is a prerequisite for the success of sustainable tourism experiences. Firstly, partnerships between private and public actors enable the financing of the quality infrastructures necessary for the development of tourism that respects the environmental, economic and socio-cultural requirements, the sharing of experiences and know-how Operators. At the local level, its partnerships allow a diversification of the tourist offer by proposing sustainable offers. This work has attempted to find logical reasoning for the inadequacy between supply and demand in terms of sustainable tourism products, through the establishment of a participatory collaboration between the different tourism stakeholders of the destination Marrakech in Morocco. Indeed we have found that among the factors that can lead to the failure of any form of sustainable tourism, the lack of studies in advance of tourism demand in line with what the tourism players can propose as a sustainable offer. A conflict of temporality between the logic of public actors and those of private tourism organizations has been raised by several stakeholders, and the need to set up a partnership charter between tourism actors constitutes a pillar for the establishment of Sustainability in this sector.Keywords. Partnership, Tourism, Destination Marrakech in Morocco, Sustainability, Marrakesh-Tensift-Elhaouz Region

Les partenariats entre les acteurs de tourisme pour la mise en place de durabilité, le cas de la région Marrakech Tensuft Alhaouz, au Maroc

L’existence des partenariats entre les acteurs de tourisme est une condition sine qua non de succès des expériences de tourisme durable. D’abord les partenariats entre les acteurs privés et publics permettent la facilité de financement des infrastructures de qualité, nécessaires à la mise en place d’un tourisme qui respecte les exigences environnementales, économiques et socioculturelles, le partage des expériences et le savoir-faire des opérateurs internationaux. Ce travail a tenté de trouvé des raisonnements logiques de l’inadéquation entre l’offre et la demande en ce qui concerne les produits touristiques durables, à travers la mise en place d’une collaboration participative entre les différents acteurs de tourisme de la destination Marrakech au Maroc. En effet nous avons constaté que parmi les facteurs qui peuvent conduire à l’échec de toute forme de tourisme durable, le manque des études au préalable de la demande touristique en adéquation avec ce que les acteurs de tourisme peuvent proposer comme offre durable. Un conflit de temporalité entre la logique des acteurs publiques et celles des organismes privés de tourisme a été soulevé par plusieurs parties prenantes, de plus la nécessité de mettre en place une charte partenariale entre les acteurs de tourisme constitue un pilier pour la mise en place de la durabilité dans ce secteur