保育者養成課程におけるプログラミング的思考に基づく授業実践－ ICTを活用した舞台づくり －

　本研究は、保育者養成課程に在籍する学生を対象に、保育内容科目におけるICT（Information and Communication Technology）の活用とプログラミング的思考の育成の可能性を検証することを目的としている。2019年度に実施したプログラミング的思考の理解とICTを活用した基礎的なプログラミング技術の習得を目指したワークショップに参加した学生が履修している「保育表現技術Ⅰ」の授業において、iPadを活用した舞台づくりのグループワークを行った。グループ決め、映像・音楽・身体の動きを融合した総合芸術としての舞台制作、発表会までを一連の課題とし、課題終了後、自由記述による質問紙調査を行った。回答内容は「ICTの活用」と「グループワーク」に大別された。「ICTの活用」にかかわる回答内容は「表現への気付き」「保育への示唆」「利点と課題」の３つに分類され、「ICTの活用」と「グループワーク」から、「プログラミング的思考」につながる教育的効果があることが示唆された

「いちかわ かぞえうた」プロジェクト活動報告（1）

　近年、市川市は、高い人口流動率による地域への関心の薄さ等、首都近郊特有の地域課題を抱えている。そこで市川市内にある保育者養成課程を有する大学に在籍する筆者らは、令和２年（2020）度大学コンソーシアム市川産官学連携プラットフォーム協議会共同研究助成を受け、「いちかわ　かぞえうた」プロジェクトを立ち上げた。本プロジェクトは、和洋女子大学と昭和学院短期大学の学生と教員が連携、協働し、市川で育つ子どもが地域に親しみ愛着が持てる遊び歌とそれに付随する「遊びバリエーション」の創作と普及活動を通じ、地域文化遺産の利活用と地域活性化に資する学生の教育、育成の２点を目的としている。　創作した遊び歌を、地域の子どもを通じて家庭や地域コミュニティーに広めることにより、「地域愛」を育むと共に、地域文化遺産の利活用を促す。また、市川で学ぶ学生が「いちかわ」を題材にした遊び歌とそれに付随する児童文化財や身体表現を創作し、保育所、幼稚園、認定こども園や地域で開催されるイベントでの実演を通じ地域の人と関わることで、地域活性化に資する人材の養成、育成を目指している。本稿は、これまでに創作した遊び歌とそれに付随する児童文化財、身体表現の制作、創作活動に焦点を当て報告する

未来の保育者としての総合的人間力を高める表現教育の開発 平成29（2017）～令和元（2019）年度和洋女子大学教育振興支援助成報告

　本稿では、本学こども発達学科（学類）で、平成29（2017）～令和元（2019）年度に和洋女子大学教育振興支援助成を受けて実施した取組課題「未来の保育者としての総合的人間力を高める表現教育の開発」について報告した。３年間で「自分を表現する」「他者の表現に応答する」「協同を通した創造的表現力を育成する」というテーマを設定し、外部講師を招いたワークショップを中心に実践的な表現教育を行った。学生自らが表現することだけでなく、表現教育に関する知識・技術を構造化したり、自律性を高めたりすることを目指した

Efficacy of interferential current transcutaneous electrical sensory stimulation through the neck skin for treating dysphagia in children with disabilities: A case series

Finding a suitable treatment for dysphagia has been challenging and the efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation has been recognized. Moreover, the beneficial effect of interferential current transcutaneous electrical sensory stimulation has recently been described. However, the efficacy of interferential current transcutaneous electrical sensory stimulation in children with disabilities is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to confirm the efficacy of interferential current transcutaneous electrical sensory stimulation in children with disabilities. Four children with disabilities of various types underwent interferential current transcutaneous electrical sensory stimulation once a week. All patients showed improved symptoms after interferential current transcutaneous electrical sensory stimulation treatment. Videoendoscopic examination showed reduced accumulation of secretion in all patients and decreased residual bolus in two. We also felt an increased forcefulness when swallowing in two. In addition, the questionnaire results regarding dysphagia indicated improvements. No significant side effects were observed. The interferential current transcutaneous electrical sensory stimulation treatment may be effective and safe in children with disabilities. The effect of this treatment on swallowing ability needs to be further investigated by studying more cases

sj-docx-1-sco-10.1177_2050313X221149527 – Supplemental material for Efficacy of interferential current transcutaneous electrical sensory stimulation through the neck skin for treating dysphagia in children with disabilities: A case series

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-sco-10.1177_2050313X221149527 for Efficacy of interferential current transcutaneous electrical sensory stimulation through the neck skin for treating dysphagia in children with disabilities: A case series by Michinori Funato, Kanako Maruta, Mitsuru Yano, Mitsue Kai, Yaeko Umezawa, Kunihiko Yasuda, Emi Ohta-Noda and Keika Gen in SAGE Open Medical Case Reports</p

Linking seed size and number to trait syndromes in trees

International audienceAim Our understanding of the mechanisms that maintain forest diversity under changing climate can benefit from knowledge about traits that are closely linked to fitness. We tested whether the link between traits and seed number and seed size is consistent with two hypotheses, termed the leaf economics spectrum and the plant size syndrome, or whether reproduction represents an independent dimension related to a seed size-seed number trade-off.Location Most of the data come from Europe, North and Central America and East Asia. A minority of the data come from South America, Africa and Australia.Time period 1960-2022.Major taxa studied Trees.Methods We gathered 12 million observations of the number of seeds produced in 784 tree species. We estimated the number of seeds produced by individual trees and scaled it up to the species level. Next, we used principal components analysis and generalized joint attribute modelling (GJAM) to map seed number and size on the tree traits spectrum.Results Incorporating seed size and number into trait analysis while controlling for environment and phylogeny with GJAM exposes relationships in trees that might otherwise remain hidden. Production of the large total biomass of seeds [product of seed number and seed size; hereafter, species seed productivity (SSP)] is associated with high leaf area, low foliar nitrogen, low specific leaf area (SLA) and dense wood. Production of high seed numbers is associated with small seeds produced by nutrient-demanding species with softwood, small leaves and high SLA. Trait covariation is consistent with opposing strategies: one fast-growing, early successional, with high dispersal, and the other slow-growing, stress-tolerant, that recruit in shaded conditions.Main conclusions Earth system models currently assume that reproductive allocation is indifferent among plant functional types. Easily measurable seed size is a strong predictor of the seed number and species seed productivity. The connection of SSP with the functional traits can form the first basis of improved fecundity prediction across global forests

Masting is uncommon in trees that depend on mutualist dispersers in the context of global climate and fertility gradients

The benefits of masting (volatile, quasi-synchronous seed production at lagged intervals) include satiation of seed predators, but these benefits come with a cost to mutualist pollen and seed dispersers. If the evolution of masting represents a balance between these benefits and costs, we expect mast avoidance in species that are heavily reliant on mutualist dispersers. These effects play out in the context of variable climate and site fertility among species that vary widely in nutrient demand. Meta-analyses of published data have focused on variation at the population scale, thus omitting periodicity within trees and synchronicity between trees. From raw data on 12 million tree-years worldwide, we quantified three components of masting that have not previously been analysed together: (i) volatility, defined as the frequency-weighted year-to-year variation; (ii) periodicity, representing the lag between high-seed years; and (iii) synchronicity, indicating the tree-to-tree correlation. Results show that mast avoidance (low volatility and low synchronicity) by species dependent on mutualist dispersers explains more variation than any other effect. Nutrient-demanding species have low volatility, and species that are most common on nutrient-rich and warm/wet sites exhibit short periods. The prevalence of masting in cold/dry sites coincides with climatic conditions where dependence on vertebrate dispersers is less common than in the wet tropics. Mutualist dispersers neutralize the benefits of masting for predator satiation, further balancing the effects of climate, site fertility and nutrient demands