Formas constitucionais típicas de interação entre as câmaras parlamentares estrangeiras

The article presents the author's analysis of the constitutional acts of European states with a bicameral parliament with a view to fixing some typical forms of interaction between the parliament chambers in them. The study has showed that the joint sessions (on taking the oath by the head of state, presidential elections, deciding to declare war, granting pardon); formation of permanent and temporary committees and commissions; formation of the higher bodies of state power or appointment of officials serve as typical forms of interaction between the parliament chambers. Within the legislative sphere, it is disclosed such typical forms of interaction between the parliament chambers as the bill approval in both chambers in an identical version and "tacit consent". It is concluded that the typical forms of interaction between the parliament chambers of European states reflect their sovereign but established approaches, elaborated by the doctrine and tested by practice.El artículo presenta el análisis del autor de los actos constitucionales de los estados europeos con un parlamento bicameral con el fin de fijar algunas formas típicas de interacción entre las cámaras del parlamento en ellos. El estudio ha demostrado que las sesiones conjuntas (sobre el juramento del jefe de estado, las elecciones presidenciales, la decisión de declarar la guerra, la concesión del indulto); formación de comités y comisiones permanentes y temporales; la formación de los cuerpos superiores del poder estatal o el nombramiento de funcionarios sirven como formas típicas de interacción entre las cámaras del parlamento. En el ámbito legislativo, se divulgan formas típicas de interacción entre las cámaras del parlamento como la aprobación de la ley en ambas cámaras en una versión idéntica y el "consentimiento tácito". Se concluye que las formas típicas de interacción entre las cámaras parlamentarias de los estados europeos reflejan sus enfoques soberanos pero establecidos, elaborados por la doctrina y probados por la práctica.O artigo apresenta a análise da autora dos atos constitucionais dos estados europeus com um parlamento bicameral com vistas a fixar algumas formas típicas de interação entre as câmaras parlamentares nelas. O estudo mostrou que as sessões conjuntas (em tomar o juramento pelo chefe de estado, eleições presidenciais, decidindo declarar guerra, concedendo perdão); formação de comissões permanentes e temporárias e comissões; a formação dos altos corpos do poder estatal ou a nomeação de funcionários servem como formas típicas de interação entre as câmaras parlamentares. Dentro da esfera legislativa, são divulgadas formas típicas de interação entre as câmaras parlamentares como a aprovação da lei em ambas as câmaras, numa versão idêntica e "consentimento tácito". Conclui-se que as formas típicas de interação entre as câmaras parlamentares dos estados europeus refletem suas abordagens soberanas, mas estabelecidas, elaboradas pela doutrina e testadas pela prática.&nbsp

Potencial parlamentario para garantizar la seguridad del Estado: experiencia constitucional de los países de la era postsoviética

The article presents the author’s analysis of the constitutional acts of the countries of the post-Soviet space in order to consolidate in them the catalog of powers of parliaments in the field of state security. The study revealed two constitutional approaches reflecting the catalog of powers of parliaments in ensuring the security of the state: the parliament acts as a body with the prerogative of introducing exclusive regimes in the state, declaring war and concluding peace; the parliament acts as a body that legalizes decrees of the head of state or government on security issues.El artículo presenta el análisis del autor de los actos constitucionales de los países del espacio postsoviético para consolidar en ellos el catálogo de poderes de los parlamentos en el campo de la seguridad del estado. El estudio reveló dos enfoques constitucionales que reflejan el catálogo de poderes de los parlamentos para garantizar la seguridad del estado: el actúa como un órgano con la prerrogativa de introducir regímenes exclusivos en el estado, declarar la guerra y concluir la paz; el parlamento actúa como un organismo que legaliza los decretos del jefe de estado o gobierno sobre cuestiones de seguridad

Formas típicas de interação entre as câmaras do Parlamento Europeu e suas Constituições

The article presents the analysis of the authors of the constitutional acts of the European states with a bicameral parliament with the aim of establishing some typical forms of interaction between the houses of parliament. The study has shown that the joint sessions (on the oath of the head of state, the presidential elections, the decision to declare war, the granting of pardon); formation of permanent and temporary commissions and commissions; The formation of the superior bodies of state power or the appointment of officials serve as typical forms of interaction between the houses of parliament. Within the legislative sphere, such typical forms of interaction between the houses of parliament are disclosed as the passage of the bill in both houses in an identical version and "tacit consent". It is concluded that the typical forms of interaction between the parliamentary chambers of the European states reflect their sovereign but established approaches, elaborated by doctrine and tested by practice.  El artículo presenta el análisis de los autores de los actos constitucionales de los estados europeos con un parlamento bicameral con el objetivo de fijar algunas formas típicas de interacción entre las cámaras del parlamento. El estudio ha demostrado que las sesiones conjuntas (sobre el juramento del jefe de estado, las elecciones presidenciales, la decisión de declarar la guerra, el otorgamiento del indulto); formación de comisiones y comisiones permanentes y temporales; La formación de los cuerpos superiores del poder estatal o el nombramiento de funcionarios sirven como formas típicas de interacción entre las cámaras del parlamento. Dentro de la esfera legislativa, se divulgan tales formas típicas de interacción entre las cámaras del parlamento como la aprobación del proyecto de ley en ambas cámaras en una versión idéntica y "consentimiento tácito". Se concluye que las formas típicas de interacción entre las cámaras parlamentarias de los estados europeos reflejan sus enfoques soberanos pero establecidos, elaborados por la doctrina y probados por la prácticaO artigo apresenta a análise dos autores dos atos constitucionais dos estados europeus com um parlamento bicameral com o objetivo de estabelecer algumas formas típicas de interação entre as câmaras do parlamento. O estudo mostrou que as sessões conjuntas (no juramento do chefe de Estado, as eleições presidenciais, a decisão de declarar guerra, a concessão de indulto); formação de comissões permanentes e temporárias e comissões; A formação dos órgãos superiores do poder do Estado ou a nomeação de funcionários servem como formas típicas de interação entre as câmaras do parlamento. Dentro da esfera legislativa, tais formas típicas de interação entre as casas do parlamento são divulgadas como a aprovação do projeto de lei em ambas as casas em uma versão idêntica e "consentimento tácito". Conclui-se que as formas típicas de interação entre as câmaras parlamentares dos Estados europeus refletem suas abordagens soberanas, mas estabelecidas, elaboradas por doutrina e comprovadas pela prática

May Measurement Month 2018: a pragmatic global screening campaign to raise awareness of blood pressure by the International Society of Hypertension

Aims Raised blood pressure (BP) is the biggest contributor to mortality and disease burden worldwide and fewer than half of those with hypertension are aware of it. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global campaign set up in 2017, to raise awareness of high BP and as a pragmatic solution to a lack of formal screening worldwide. The 2018 campaign was expanded, aiming to include more participants and countries. Methods and results Eighty-nine countries participated in MMM 2018. Volunteers (≥18 years) were recruited through opportunistic sampling at a variety of screening sites. Each participant had three BP measurements and completed a questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication. In total, 74.9% of screenees provided three BP readings. Multiple imputation using chained equations was used to impute missing readings. 1 504 963 individuals (mean age 45.3 years; 52.4% female) were screened. After multiple imputation, 502 079 (33.4%) individuals had hypertension, of whom 59.5% were aware of their diagnosis and 55.3% were taking antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 60.0% were controlled and of all hypertensives, 33.2% were controlled. We detected 224 285 individuals with untreated hypertension and 111 214 individuals with inadequately treated (systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg) hypertension. Conclusion May Measurement Month expanded significantly compared with 2017, including more participants in more countries. The campaign identified over 335 000 adults with untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. In the absence of systematic screening programmes, MMM was effective at raising awareness at least among these individuals at risk

Potencial parlamentario para garantizar la seguridad del Estado: experiencia constitucional de los países de la era postsoviética

The article presents the author’s analysis of the constitutional acts of the countries of the post-Soviet space in order to consolidate in them the catalog of powers of parliaments in the field of state security. The study revealed two constitutional approaches reflecting the catalog of powers of parliaments in ensuring the security of the state: the parliament acts as a body with the prerogative of introducing exclusive regimes in the state, declaring war and concluding peace; the parliament acts as a body that legalizes decrees of the head of state or government on security issues.El artículo presenta el análisis del autor de los actos constitucionales de los países del espacio postsoviético para consolidar en ellos el catálogo de poderes de los parlamentos en el campo de la seguridad del estado. El estudio reveló dos enfoques constitucionales que reflejan el catálogo de poderes de los parlamentos para garantizar la seguridad del estado: el actúa como un órgano con la prerrogativa de introducir regímenes exclusivos en el estado, declarar la guerra y concluir la paz; el parlamento actúa como un organismo que legaliza los decretos del jefe de estado o gobierno sobre cuestiones de seguridad

Parliamentary Potential for Ensuring the Security of the State: Constitutional Experience of the Countries of the Post-soviet Space

The article presents the author's analysis of the constitutional acts of the countries of the post-Soviet space in order to consolidate in them the catalog of powers of parliaments in the field of state security. The study revealed two constitutional approaches reflecting the catalog of powers of parliaments in ensuring the security of the state: the parliament acts as a body with the prerogative of introducing exclusive regimes in the state, declaring war and concluding peace; the parliament acts as a body that legalizes decrees of the head of state or government on security issues

Synthesis, Characterization, and Study of Catalytic Activity of Chiral Cu(II) and Ni(II) Salen Complexes in the α-Amino Acid C-α Alkylation Reaction

A new family of Cu(II) and Ni(II) salen complexes was synthesized and fully characterized through various physicochemical methods. Their catalytic activity was evaluated in the phase transfer Cα-alkylation reaction of the Schiff bases of D,L-alanine ester and benzaldehyde derivatives. It was found that the introduction of a chlorine atom into the ortho- and para-positions of the phenyl ring of the substrate resulted in an increase in both the chemical yield and the asymmetric induction (ee 66–98%). The highest enantiomeric excess was achieved in the case of a Cu(II) salen complex based on (S,S)-cyclohexanediamine and salicylaldehyde at −20 °C. The occurrence of a bulky substituent in the ligand present in the complexes led to a drastic decrease in ee and chemical yield. For instance, the introduction of bulky substituents at positions 3 and 5 of the phenyl ring of the catalyst resulted in a complete loss of the stereoselectivity control in the alkylation reaction