Cognition and Suicide: Effectiveness of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

The aim of this review paper is to show an overview of the empirical evidence of effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in reducing suicidal cognitions and suicidal behavior. The topic of suicidal cognition and suicidal behavior is of special importance to clinicians and practitioners. Analyses of empirical findings from the oldest, first systematic review and meta-analysis and the newest one shown that there not enough evidence from clinical trials to suggest that CBT focusing on mental illness reduces suicidal cognitions and behaviors. But, from the other hand, CBT focusing on suicidal cognitions and suicidal behaviors was found to be effective. Taking into consideration the effectiveness of this psychotherapy, we can conclude that it is preferable for clinicians to be trained in working with CBT techniques focused on suicidal cognition and behavior that are independent of treatment of mental disorders. In addition, it is necessary to initiate new research that will make it possible to create preventive and interventional programs dedicated to reducing the risk of suicide. Keywords: cognition, suicide, cognitive behavior, psychotherapy, effectiveness

Oral and maxillofacial rehabilitation of head and neck cancer patients

The general aim of this paper was to gain insight into the effects of maxillofacial rehabilitation in head and neck cancer patients using implantretained prostheses regarding treatment planning, implant survival, treatment outcome and quality of life. In R.Macedonia, this kinde of rehabilitation and research is very rare. This can finally contribute to improved rehabilitation of patients with head and neck cancer and to rise awerenes about the need of using implantretained prostheses regarding treatment planning, implant survival, treatment outcome and quality of life. Based on research done by Schoen (2004), we can concluded that, when following the technique described, a mandibulotomy can be combined safely with the insertion of implants in the ventral part of the edentulous mandible. We are about the first step in this area, hopefully that will develop proposed rehabilitation of head and neck cancer patients in Macedonia. Key words:oral ; Maxillofacial; rehabilitation; Head and Neck Cancer; patients

MOCVD of hard metallurgical coatings: Examples in the Cr–C–N system

All individual phases of the ternary Cr–C–N system including stable and metastable ones can be deposited at low temperature by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). These growth processes are mainly based on the use of bis(benzene)chromium as chromium source and various co-reactives. Then, from a good control of the reactive gas phase, it is possible to combine these MOCVD processes to grow in the same reactor protective coatings designed with a complex architecture based on polyphased, nanostructured or multilayer structure which exhibit enhanced properties. These deposition processes are described and the main features of the coatings are discussed

The effect of surface preparation on the protective properties of Al2O3 and HfO2 thin films deposited on cp-titanium by atomic layer deposition

Atomic layer deposition (ALD), a method that allows the formation of thin and conformal films on substrates of interest, was employed to prepare thin films of alumina (Al2O3) and hafnia (HfO2), with the aim of protecting the surface of the commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) used in biomedical applications. Prior to deposition, cp-Ti specimens have been prepared in two ways \u2013 grinding and grinding followed by polishing. Such surfaces have been denoted as rough and smooth, respectively. The thickness, composition, morphology and topography of alumina and hafnia films have been determined using ellipsometry, focused ion beam microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and 3D profilometry. A homogeneous stoichiometric composition of alumina and hafnia was obtained with a layer thickness of ca. 150 nm. The anti-corrosive properties of ALD thin films were measured in simulated body fluid solution, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization curves. The roughness of the cp-Ti surface plays an important role in the protective properties of these films, especially those of hafnia. In general, when deposited on a smooth surface, ALD films with better anti-corrosive properties were obtained, as evidenced by EIS long-term, 40-day tests. ALD films showed very low porosity, calculated from electrochemical parameters, and significantly lower corrosion current densities, compared with those from bare cp-Ti specimens. Lower porosity and slightly better protective properties were provided by films of hafnia. On the other hand, according to EIS long-term tests, alumina retained slightly greater impedance values than hafnia. Since both alumina and hafnia are biocompatible materials, this study confirms the possibility of their use to reduce the risk of failure of medical implants made of cp-Ti, in the human body environment

On the correlation between Nd:YAG laser-induced wettability characteristics modification and osteoblast cell bioactivity on a titanium alloy

The factors responsible for modifications to the wettability characteristics of a titanium (Ti6Al4V) alloy bio-metal following Nd:YAG laser treatment and the effects thereof on the response of osteoblast cells were considered in this work. It was found that interaction of the Nd:YAG laser beam with the Ti6Al4V alloy resulted in the wettability characteristics of the bio-metal improving. Such improvements in the wettability characteristics of the Ti6Al4V alloy were found to be due to: an increase in the surface roughness; and increase in the surface oxygen content and an increase in the polar component of the surface energy. From the cell response tests it was determined that the osteoblast cell adhesion and proliferation on the Nd:YAG laser treated Ti6Al4V alloy samples was considerably greater than on the untreated samples. By isolating the effects of surface roughness it was possible to confirm or refute the existence of a correlation between wettability characteristics and osteoblast cell bioactivity for the Nd:YAG laser treated Ti6Al4V alloy. The findings indicated that the aspects of wettability characteristics: surface oxygen content and polar component of the surface energy play an important role in promoting cell proliferation, particularly when surface roughness was simultaneously increased. Thus it was possible to conclude that the wettability characteristics of the Nd:YAG laser treated Ti6Al4V alloy were correlated to osteoblast cell bioactivity

Corrosion resistance of crystalline and amorphous CuZr alloys in NaCl aqueous environment and effect of corrosion inhibitors

CuZr alloys are the basis of a family of metallic glasses with large glass forming ability and remarkable mechanical properties. The corrosion response of prepared crystalline and amorphous CuxZr100-x alloys (x = 40, 50, 64 at%), as well as bare Cu and Zr, in a severe corrosive environment, was tested. The alloys were immersed in 3 wt% NaCl aqueous solution. With the aim to increase the resistance of copper as less corrosion alloy component, nine imidazole-based compounds with different functional groups were tested as potential corrosion inhibitors. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and long-term immersion tests followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and microscopy analysis were carried out. Overall, all the tested amorphous alloys exhibit a much better corrosion resistance than their crystalline counterparts in the presence and absence of inhibitors. The main factor controlling the corrosion resistance of the alloys appears to be the Zr-rich (or at least equiatomic) amorphous structure, the effect of the inhibitors being secondary. Results therefore show a complex relationship between inhibitor performance, microstructure and composition of CuZr alloys.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Electrochemical activation of molecular nitrogen at the Ir/YSZ interface.

Nitrogen is often used as an inert background atmosphere in solid state studies of electrode and reaction kinetics, of solid state studies of transport phenomena, and in applications e.g. solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), sensors and membranes. Thus, chemical and electrochemical reactions of oxides related to or with dinitrogen are not supposed and in general not considered. We demonstrate by a steady state electrochemical polarisation experiments complemented with in situphotoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that at a temperature of 450 °C dinitrogen can be electrochemically activated at the three phase boundary between N2, a metal microelectrode and one of the most widely used solid oxide electrolytes—yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ)—at potentials more negative than E = −1.25 V. The process is neither related to a reduction of the electrolyte nor to an adsorption process or a purely chemical reaction but is electrochemical in nature. Only at potentials more negative than E = −2 V did new components of Zr 3d and Y 3d signals with a lower formal charge appear, thus indicating electrochemical reduction of the electrolyte matrix. Theoretical model calculations suggest the presence of anionic intermediates with delocalized electrons at the electrode/electrolyte reaction interface. The ex situSIMS analysis confirmed that nitrogen is incorporated and migrates into the electrolyte beneath the electrode

Efikasnost usvajanja azota kod hibrida kukuruza u zavisnosti od sistema đubrenja

The aim of this study was to determine the genotypic differences of nitrogen (N) uptake efficiency in maize depending on fertilization systems and hybrids. The average content of N in maize leaves for different variants of fertilization and tested hybrids in two years of research was balanced and varied in the range from 2.35% in 2011, to 2.31% in 2012. The lower content were found under the control treatment T1 (1.91%) and the highest in the treatments T3: P60K60 const. + N40 autumn + Nmin spring (2.57%), T6: P60K60 const. + N40 autumn + N60 spring + Zn (2.58%) and T7: P60K60 const. + N40 autumn + N80 spring + Zn (2.58%). The lower content of N in maize leaves was found in the hybrid NS 6030 (2.27%) and the highest in NS 4023 (2.39%). Average values of N content in maize grain varied due to climatic conditions and ranged from 1.22% in 2011. to 1.36% in 2012. The lowest N content was in control treatment T1 (1.11%), the biggest in variants T3: P60K60 const. + N40 autumn + Nmin spring and T7: P60K60 const. + N40 autumn + N80 spring + Zn (1.42%). According to the obtained average value for the investigated years and applied systems of fertilization, the lowest nitrogen content in maize was in NS 6010 (1.22%) and the highest in NS 6030 (1.35%). Improving possibilities of assimilation, accumulation, exploitation and/or reutilization of biogenic elements can provide the basis for the expansion of maize breeding programs on productivity and grain quality.Cilj ovih istraživanja bio je da se utvrde genotipske razlike u efikasnosti usvajanja azota (N) kod hibrida kukuruza u zavisnosti od sistema đubrenja. Prosečan sadržaj N u listu kukuruza za sve varijante đubrenja i hibride nije se značajno razlikovao po godinama (2,35% u 2011, odnosno 2,31% u 2012. godini). Najmanji sadržaj konstantovan je na kontrolnoj varijanti T1 (1,91%), a najveći na varijantama T3: P60K60 const. + N40 jesen + Nmin proleće (2,57%), T6: P60K60 const. + N40 jesen + N60 proleće + Zn (2,58%) i T7: P60K60 const. + N40 jesen + N80 proleće + Zn (2,58%). Najmanji sadržaj N u listu kukuruza konstatovan je kod hibrida NS 6030 (2,27%), a najveći kod hibrida NS 4023 (2,39%). Sadržaj N u zrnu kukuruza, nezavisno od varijante đubrenja i hibrida, bio je značajno manji u 2011. god. (1,22%) u odnosu na 2012. godinu (1,36%). Najmanji sadržaj bio je na kontrolnoj varijanti T1 (1,11%), a najveći na varijantama T3: P60K60 const. + N40 jesen + Nmin proleće i T7: P60K60 const. + N40 jesen + N80 proleće + Zn (1,42%). U proseku za godine istraživanja i primenjene sisteme đubrenja, najmanji sadržaj N u zrnu kukuruza je bio kod hibrida NS 6010 (1,22%), a najveći kod hibrida NS 6030 (1,35%). Poboljšane mogućnosti usvajanja, akumulacije, iskorišćavanja i/ili reutilizacije biogenih elemenata mogu pružiti osnovu za razradu programa oplemenjivanja kukuruza na produktivnost i kvalitet zrna

Izračunavanje i praćenje dinamike organske materije u zemljištu pomoću modela

The changes in soil organic carbon stock can occur following land use or land management change or with climatic change. Carbon models were used for the prediction of changes in C stock on agricultural soils. The efficiency of RothC, DNDC and ICBM model was tested against C content of soil samples from experimental field “Plodoredi” within 3-year and 2-years rotation. The measured value of the deposited C for 3-year rotation were better explained by the model RothC and ICBM, while the DNDC model and measured C deposited in 2-year rotation matched better. In the changed climate conditions, variable yields, narrow rotations without legumes and lack of fertilizer application level OM will be difficult to preserve at the current level.Smanjenje sadržaja organske materije (OM) zemljišta uslovljeno je promenom u načinu korišćenja zemljišta kao i agroekološkim uslovima. Za dugoročno praćenje dinamike organske materije koriste se kompjuterski modeli koji nakon validacije mogu da projektuju dinamiku OM na različitim nivoima. U radu su korišćeni podaci sa višegodišnjeg ogleda na Rimskim Šančevima kako bi izvršili evaluaciju 3 modela koji prate dinamiku OM: RothC, DNDC i ICBM i to za agroekološke uslove Vojvodine. Svi modeli su pokazali negativan trend - gubitk OM na ispitivanim parcelama tropolja i dvopolja

The role of modulated IR radiometry measurements in the characterization of Zr-O-N thin films

This work is devoted to the investigation of relevant thermal transport parameters of multifunctional ZrOxNy thin films, prepared in strict controlled conditions. Composition and structural characterizations revealed the existence of two different types of films, with a structural change from fcc ZrN to Zr3N4-type. Modulated IR radiometry was used to screen out these internal changes, and also to prove its importance and application viability within complicate systems such as thin films. The thermal diffusion time of the coatings and the ratio of the thermal effusivities coating-to-substrate were directly determined. Empirical correlations between processing conditions, the films’ composition and structure, and thermal transport properties were found