Solidarités environnementales, contestation transnationale et renouvellement de la politique mondiale

L’ordre politique de la mondialisation est un champ conflictuel de relations économiques, culturelles et sociales au sein duquel les mouvements sociaux transnationaux construisent une nouvelle politique située au-delà des institutions traditionnelles. Cet article vise à proposer un cadre d´analyse théorique illustré à partir de la contribution d´un mouvement reconnu sur la scène internationale qui a réussi à mener une action politique transnationale dans le champ de l´environnementalisme. Dans ce cadre, les auteurs soulignent la convergence de six catégories d’analyse de l´action collective mise en oeuvre par les mouvements de protection de l´environnement. Les six catégories suggérées (statut de compétence, articulation des échelles, temporalité, multiplicité des identités et des représentations, structure organisationnelle, visibilité) mettent en relief le besoin de reconsidérer le sens hégémonique de la politique mondiale fondée exclusivement sur le marché et les négociations interétatiques.Globalization is a political order creating new fields of economic, cultural and social conflicts, wherein transnational social movements reaffirm a new politics beyond the conventional institutions. This article proposes an analytical framework, illustrated by the history of a well studied environmental movement. The authors present a set of six converging analytical categories stemming from the study of environmental movements. These categories (political competence, scale, temporality, multiple identities/representations, organisational structure, visibility) emphasise the need to question the current hegemonic understanding of world politics that has been almost always exclusively rooted in global markets and inter-state negotiations

Access to Food as a Human Right: Brazil, WFP and South-South Cooperation

Crônica para o dossiê de combate à fome - conforme pré-acordado com o prof. Nitis

Derivation of the out-of-plane behaviour of an english bond masonry wall through homogenization strategies

Two finite element homogenized-based strategies are presented for the out-of-plane behaviour characterization of an English bond masonry wall. A finite element micro-modelling approach using Cauchy stresses and first order movements are assumed for both strategies. The material nonlinearity is lumped on joints interfaces and bricks are considered elastic. Nevertheless, the first model is based on a Plane-stress assumption, in which the out-of-plane quantities are derived through on-thickness wall integration considering a Kirchhoff-plate theory. The second model is a tridimensional one, in which the homogenized out-of-plane quantities can be directly derived after solving the boundary value problem. The comparison is conducted by assessing the obtained out-of-plane bending-and torsion-curvature diagrams. A good agreement is found for the present study case.This work was supported by FCT (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology), within ISISE, scholarship SFRH/BD/95086/2013. This work was also partly financed by FEDER funds through the Competitivity Factors Operational Programme - COMPETE and by national funds through FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology within the scope of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007633.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

International Relations and the Paradiplomacy of Brazilian Cities: Crafting the Concept of Local International Management

Based on the broader context of globalization as politics, this paper adopts the following assumption: cities through their transnational cooperation networks and economic projects are the expression of a new political actor that has shifted its scale of operations, and have thus partly emancipated themselves from the monopoly of the nation-state in the deployment of transborder public action. In pursuance of developing this assumption, this paper approaches the discussion on municipal paradiplomacy in three parts: firstly, it presents the historical and theoretical background of paradiplomacy in Brazil; secondly, it looks into the empirical reality of several Brazilian municipalities and their international actions; thirdly, it presents a series of critical questions for analyzing cities and their transnational networks as new political actors in the global arena. Empirically, this paper raises key issues related to the multiple ways in which municipalities throughout Brazil develop transnational activities, whereas analytically it aims to provide a better understanding of their soft-border approach, as well as their pragmatic association between a renewed identity in the global scenario and an innovative strategy of local international management

Paradiplomacia e projeção internacional das cidades brasileiras: elaborando o conceito de “gestão local internacional”

En el marco del contexto de la “globalización en cuanto política”, el presente artículo adopta la premisa siguiente: las ciudades, a través de sus redes transnacionales de cooperación y de sus proyectos económicos internacionales, son la expresión de un nuevo actor político que ha cambiado su escala de operaciones, habiendo así obtenido una emancipación por lo menos parcial del monopolio del Estado-nación en el desarrollo de acciones públicas transfronterizas. Por ello, las ciudades han desafiado el imaginario westfaliano y el monopolio del Estado-nación en cuanto “la” comunidad política obligatoria con la capacidad de controlar un territorio nacional de modo vertical y fijo. De cara a desarrollar esta premisa, el artículo analiza la problemática de la paradiplomacia municipal en tres partes: el contexto histórico y realidad empírica de la paradiplomacia municipal en Brasil, el debate teórico sobre las fronteras, escalas y territorios de la paradiplomacia (“soft borders approach”) y la discusión del concepto de “gestión internacional local”.Based on the broader context of “globalization as politics”, this paper adopts the following assumption: cities through their transnational cooperation networks and economic projects are the expression of a new political actor that has shifted its scale of operations, and have thus partly emancipated themselves from the monopoly of the nation-state in the deployment of transborder public action; thefore, they have challenged the Westphalian imaginary and the monopoly of the nation-state as “the” bounded political community with the capacity to frame and totally control a fixed and vertical national territory. In pursuance of developing this assumption, this paper approaches the discussion on municipal paradiplomacy in three parts: firstly, it presents the historical background and empirical reality of paradiplomacy in Brazil; secondly, it presents a series of critical questions for analyzing cities and their transnational networks within the soft borders approach; thirdly, it discusses the concept of “local international management”.Baseado na idéia de uma “globalização como política”, o presente artigo parte da seguinte premissa: as ciudades, por meio de suas redes transnacionais de cooperação e de seus projetos económicos internacionais, são a expressão de um novo ator político que mudou sua escala de operações, emancipando-se, pelo menos parcialmente, do monopólio do Estado-nação no desenvolvimento de ações públicas transfronteiriças. Por conseguinte, as ciudades passaram a desafiar o imaginário westfaliano e o monopólio do Estado-nação enguanto comunidade política exclusiva e obrigatória com a capacidade de controlar um territorio nacional de modo vertical e fixo. Visando a desenvolver essa premissa, o artigo analisa a problemática da paradiplomacia municipal em três partes: contexto histórico e realidade empírica da paradiplomacia municipal no Brasil; debate teórico sobre fronteiras, escalas e territórios da paradiplomacia (com base na “soft borders approach”); discussão do conceito de “gestão internacional local”

Nem cola, nem lubrificante sociológico, mas campo eletromagnético: as metáforas do Capital Social no campo do desenvolvimento local

In general terms, academic literature on social capital builds on the empirical evidence that economic variables are not sufficient to bring about local development models that are socially just and environmentally sustainable; it is almost consensual in reaffirming that civic engagement networks, norms of mutual trust, resources stemming from social networks, the wealth of associative tissues and political institutions do have a direct impact when it comes to a qualitative increase on the communication between individuals and social actors, the production of more intensive modalities of social interaction, and the reduction of collective action dilemmas around local development strategies. It goes without saying that one of the critical elements of the current debate on the relationships between social capital and local development concerns the local development concept itself. Therefore, in this article, rooted in a definition of local development formulated by himself, the author has two main goals: (1) to analyze the conceptual dispute that reigns within the academia around the definition of social capital; (2) to argue that metaphors can be a valuable tool in better understanding the multiple roles that social capital may play in different contexts of local development. In the conclusion, based on his own research experience in the municipality of Pintadas in Bahia, between 2003 and 2005, the author sketches theoretical and methodological parameters in order to understand the relationships between social capital and local development.A literatura especializada acerca do capital social parte, de modo quase generalizado, da constatação empírica de que as variáveis econômicas não são suficientes para produzir modelos de desenvolvimento local que sejam socialmente justos e ambientalmente sustentáveis; reafirma, quase de forma consensual, que as redes de compromisso cívico, as normas de confiança mútua, os recursos advindos das redes sociais, a riqueza do tecido associativo e as instituições políticas têm impacto direto no incremento qualitativo da comunicação entre indivíduos e atores sociais, na produção de formas mais intensas de interação social e na redução dos dilemas da ação coletiva em torno das estratégias de desenvolvimento local. No entanto, um dos elementos críticos do debate sobre as relações entre capital social e desenvolvimento local diz respeito ao próprio conceito de desenvolvimento. Por conseguinte, com base em uma definição própria de desenvolvimento local, este trabalho divide-se em dois eixos principais: (1) análise das disputas conceituais que imperam no âmbito acadêmico em torno da definição do capital social; (2) defesa do argumento de que trabalhar com metáforas do capital social poderia ajudar a melhor situá-lo nos contextos múltiplos de desenvolvimento local. Na conclusão, com base na experiência de pesquisa desenvolvida pelo autor do artigo entre 2003 e 2005 no Município de Pintadas na Bahia, são propostos parâmetros teórico-metodológicos a fim de analisar as relações entre capital social e desenvolvimento local

The politics and policies of climate change in Brazil: mapping out the field

First paragraph:Increasing global warming, health pandemics, accelerated losses of biodiversity, growing deforestation rates, frequent and non-anticipated climate events such as off-the-scale floods, longer droughts, storms, typhons and cyclones in Brazil and world-wide are also political agendas. They have produced intense public debates about the responsibility of states and corporations, the connections between the climate emergency and development models, including the role of the fossil economy, agribusiness and mining in obstructing sustainable transition policies. The climate emergency has also steered governments and international agencies to work on recovery programs (also known as Green New Deals) and just energy transition frameworks. Civil society organizations (CSO), North and South of the international system, have started promoting transnational actions on ecological and social transition scenarios, projects to overcome the fossil combustion energy model, new consumption patterns and lifestyles, relationships of solidarity between human and non-human forms of life, among many other subjects. Ultraconservative think tanks have also disseminated messages against what they have framed as the ‘climate hoax’ and promoted linkages between authoritarian leaders and anti-science networks. The politics of climate change, nationally and transnationally, involve a myriad of actors, vested interests, and world visions that meddle in the making of public policies, from the local to the international levels

Centro de envasado de miel

Por un vínculo entre la cátedra de Taller de Diseño Industrial 5 A y el Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) nos llega la problemática surgida en una pequeña cooperativa llamada «Abriendo caminos» orientada a apicultores y ubicada en el sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires, con base en la ciudad de Carmen de Patagones. Dicha problemática se funda a partir de la necesidad de un elemento que permita a los productores fraccionar el total de la producción para diversificar sus mercados con diferentes dosis de miel y que, a su vez, permitan aumentar su valor. La cooperativa está formada, en su mayoría, por pequeños y medianos productores, cuestión a la que no responden los antecedentes que se encuentran en el mercado, ya que, generalmente, se ofrecen niveles de producción cuasi industriales. La idea rectora de este proyecto es generar un centro de trabajo para el envasado de miel que unifique los componentes que intervienen en el proceso productivo. Lo que se busca es generar una máquina integral que nuclee a cada productor en un lugar determinado, que simplifique el proceso y que favorezca el orden y la higiene.Facultad de Bellas Arte

Centro de envasado de miel

Por un vínculo entre la cátedra de Taller de Diseño Industrial 5 A y el Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) nos llega la problemática surgida en una pequeña cooperativa llamada «Abriendo caminos» orientada a apicultores y ubicada en el sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires, con base en la ciudad de Carmen de Patagones. Dicha problemática se funda a partir de la necesidad de un elemento que permita a los productores fraccionar el total de la producción para diversificar sus mercados con diferentes dosis de miel y que, a su vez, permitan aumentar su valor. La cooperativa está formada, en su mayoría, por pequeños y medianos productores, cuestión a la que no responden los antecedentes que se encuentran en el mercado, ya que, generalmente, se ofrecen niveles de producción cuasi industriales. La idea rectora de este proyecto es generar un centro de trabajo para el envasado de miel que unifique los componentes que intervienen en el proceso productivo. Lo que se busca es generar una máquina integral que nuclee a cada productor en un lugar determinado, que simplifique el proceso y que favorezca el orden y la higiene.Facultad de Bellas Arte