Scientific and methodological support for socialization of teenage mothers in the specialized agencies

The paper deals with the issues that arise in solving problems of socialization of teenage mothers. The article is based on an analysis of the activities of the specialized agencies, in which minor expectant mothers from fourteen years, and teenage mothers with children under the age of one year (as an exception - up to three years) can live. Problems associated with the socialization of teenage mothers, are due to the internal and external factors on the activities of the institution. In addition, most pupils personalities do not fit the conventional patterns. In the period when the pupils live in their learning institutions, they are provided with life skills in modern conditions, formation of their abilities and skills for life, child-rearing, recreation, family budgeting, etc. Socialization of pupils considering their situations is focused on their social adaptation, increase of their socially active position, facilitating their professional orientation and obtaining a profession. All this requires a strengthening of the scientific and methodical work. Consequently, it is necessary to study the scientific and methodical directions and content of interaction with the social institutions of Moscow in order to realize their potential in solving the problems of socialization of pupils, effective use of social and cultural institutions, institutions of general and vocational education

Near-Infrared and Visible Photoactivation to Uncage Carbon Monoxide from an Aqueous-Soluble PhotoCORM.

Multiphoton excitation allows one to access high energy excited states and perform valuable tasks in biological systems using tissue penetrating near-infrared (NIR) light. Here, we describe new photoactive manganese tricarbonyl complexes incorporating the ligand 4'-p-N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-benzyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (TPYOH), which can serve as an antenna for two photon NIR excitation. Solutions of Mn(CO)3(TPYOH)X (X = Br- or CF3SO3-) complexes are very photoactive toward CO release under visible light excitation (405 nm, 451 nm). The same responses were also triggered by multiphoton excitation at 750 and 800 nm. In this context, we discuss the potential applications of these complexes as visible/NIR light photoactivated carbon monoxide releasing moieties (photoCORMs). We also report the isolation and crystal structures of the TPYOH complexes Mn(TPYOH)Cl2 and [Mn(TPYOH)2](CF3SO3)2, to illustrate a possible photolysis product(s)

Advances of Gyromagnetic Electronics for EMC Problems

A number of EMC problems at microwaves-detection and measurement of power (spectrum) of the signals and suppression of unwanted radiation-can be solved owing to the results obtained in the field of gyromagnetic (spin) electronics. The latter deals with the unique properties of gyromagnetic media (GM) based on microwave ferrites, including high-anisotropy hexagonal ferrites that do not need an intense magnetization field for their operation at ferromagnetic resonance. Approaches to the study of the interaction of GM with an electromagnetic field and ways of modeling frequency-selective measuring devices, absorbing coatings and all-mode filters of harmonics on the basis of GM are discussed. Results of experiments and practical application of the elaborated GM devices for EMC problems are represented. Microwave ferrite resonators are discusse

Surface Plasmon Enhanced Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes

The objective of the proposed work was to develop the fundamental understanding and practical techniques for enhancement of Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes (PhOLEDs) performance by utilizing radiative decay control technology. Briefly, the main technical goal is the acceleration of radiative recombination rate in organometallic triplet emitters by using the interaction with surface plasmon resonances in noble metal nanostructures. Increased photonic output will enable one to eliminate constraints imposed on PhOLED efficiency by triplet-triplet annihilation, triplet-polaron annihilation, and saturation of chromophores with long radiative decay times. Surface plasmon enhanced (SPE) PhOLEDs will operate more efficiently at high injection current densities and will be less prone to degradation mechanisms. Additionally, introduction of metal nanostructures into PhOLEDs may improve their performance due to the improvement of the charge transport through organic layers via multiple possible mechanisms ('electrical bridging' effects, doping-like phenomena, etc.). SPE PhOLED technology is particularly beneficial for solution-fabricated electrophosphorescent devices. Small transition moment of triplet emitters allows achieving a significant enhancement of the emission rate while keeping undesirable quenching processes introduced by the metal nanostructures at a reasonably low level. Plasmonic structures can be introduced easily into solution-fabricated PhOLEDs by blending and spin coating techniques and can be used for enhancement of performance in existing device architectures. This constitutes a significant benefit for a large scale fabrication of PhOLEDs, e.g. by roll-to-roll fabrication techniques. Besides multieexciton annihilation, the power efficacy of PhOLEDs is often limited by high operational bias voltages required for overcoming built-in potential barriers to injection and transport of electrical charges through a device. This problem is especially pronounced in solution processed OLEDs lacking the accuracy and precision of fabrication found in their small molecule counterparts. From this point of view, it seems beneficial to develop materials allowing reduction of the operation bias voltage via improvement of the charge injection. The materials sought have to be compatible with solution-based fabrication process and allow easy incorporation of metal nanostructures

Scanning Near-Field Optical Coherent Spectroscopy of Single Molecules at 1.4 Kelvin

We present scanning near-field extinction spectra of single molecules embedded in a solid matrix. By varying the molecule-tip separation, we modify the line shape of the spectra, demonstrating the coherent nature of the interaction between the incident laser light and the excited state of the molecule. We compare the measured data with the outcome of numerical calculations and find a very good agreement.Comment: 3 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Optics Letter

Designing of thermoelectric generator modules based on MgSi/MnSi materials

Представлено результати комп’ютерного проектування секційних термоелектричних модулів, модулів на основі функціонально-градієнтних матеріалів (ФГМ), а також каскадних структур з матеріалів на основі MgSi/MnSi. Визначено оптимальні концентрації легуючих домішок для матеріалів секцій і віток, оптимальні функції неоднорідності термоелектричних перетворювачів енергії та значення термоелектричних параметрів у каскадних перетворювачах, використанням яких забезпечується досягнення максимальної ефективності термоелектричних генераторних модулів у діапазоні температур 323 – 773 К. Показано, що максимальна ефективність односекційних модулів з матеріалів на основі силіцидів складає η≈6.5 %, двосекційних та модулів з ФГМ – η≈8.5 %, а каскадних структур – η≈8.1 %. Встановлено, що для виготовлення секційного модуля необхідно затратити в 1.28 раза більше матеріалу, ніж для каскадного модуля за умови отримання однакової вихідної потужності.Constantly increasing demand for energy sources and environmentally friendly generators results in the growing interest in the industrial waste heat recuperation with the help of thermoelectrics. To apply thermoelectric materials widely their high efficiency is a must, but the low cost of the initial components, their mechanical stability and ecological safety are also of great importance. Therefore, the search for the low- cost materials with high thermoelectric parameters and the design of thermoelectric generator modules on their base belong to major topical tasks. A number of silicide-based thermoelectric materials that satisfy the above mentioned requirements have been chosen as a result of literature data analysis. The results of computer simulation of sectional thermoelectric modules, functionally grades materials (FGM) based modules, as well as stage structures from silicide-based materials for industrial waste heat recuperation and that of internal combustion engines and alike are presented in this work. For calculations, the experimentally measured temperature concentration dependencies of the thermoEMF coefficient, electric and thermal conductivities of the materials investigated were used. The optimal concentrations of doping impurities for the material of sections and legs were defined, together with the optimal functions of inhomogeneity of thermoelectric energy converters and the values of thermoelectric parameters in cascade converters. By use of the said converters maximum efficiency is reached for the thermoelectric generator modules in the temperature range of 323-773 K. Thus, single-stage silicide- based modules performance equals η≈6.5 %, that of two-stage and FGM based modules are η≈8.5 %, and η≈8.1 % for multi-stage structures. To produce the sectional module must be expended by 1.28 more material as compared to cascade module at the same output power

Interferometry of a Single Nanoparticle Using the Gouy Phase of a Focused Laser Beam

We provide a quantitative explanation of the mechanism of the far-field intensity modulation induced by a nanoparticle in a focused Gaussian laser beam, as was demonstrated in several recent direct detection studies. Most approaches take advantage of interference between the incident light and the scattered light from a nanoparticle to facilitate a linear dependence of the signal on the nanoparticle volume. The phase relation between the incoming field and the scattered field by the nanoparticle is elucidated by the concept of Gouy phase. This phase relation is used to analyze the far-field signal-to-noise ratio as a function of exact nanoparticle position with respect to the beam focus. The calculation suggests that a purely dispersive nanoparticle should be displaced from the Gaussian beam focus to generate a far-field intensity change

Observation of the Holstein shift in high TcT_c superconductors with thermal modulation reflectometry

We use the experimental technique of thermal modulation reflectometry to study the relatively small temperature dependence of the optical conductivity of superconductors. Due to a large cancellation of systematic errors, this technique is shown to a be very sensitive probe of small changes in reflectivity. We analyze thermal modulation reflection spectra of single crystals and epitaxially grown thin films of YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-\delta}$ and obtain the ${\alpha_tr}^2F(\omega)$ function in the normal state, as well as the superconductivity induced changes in reflectivity. We present detailed model calculations, based on the Eliashberg-Migdal extension of the BCS model, which show good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experimental spectra. VSGD.93.12.thComment: 6 pages, figures on request. Revtex, version 2, Materials Science Center Internal Report Number VSGD.93.12.t

A `superoutburst' in XTE J1118+480

I propose that the properties of the two outbursts observed in the X-ray transient XTE J1118+480 in 2000 are akin to superoutbursts of SU UMa stars. In these systems a `normal' outburst immediately precedes a 5-10 times longer (`super')outburst. The optical light curve of the outbursts of XTE J1118+480 is remarkably similar to that seen in some SU UMa stars, such as UV Per and T Leo, where the precursor outburst is distinct from the superoutburst, but the time scales are a factor of ~15 different. The first outburst of XTE J1118+480 was relatively short (~1 month) while the second outburst was ~5 times longer. During the second outburst superhumps were seen, a feature characteristic for superoutbursts. The gap of about a month between the two outbursts is longer in X-rays with respect to the optical, a feature not previously recognized for X-ray transients. Also in SU UMa stars the precursor outburst becomes more distinct at shorter wavelengths. Finally, I show that the time of appearance of the superhumps in XTE J1118+480 is consistent with the expected superhump growth time, if the superhump mechanism was triggered during the first outburst. I conclude that the similarity in outburst behaviour in the two types of systems provides further support that a common mechanism is at work to start the long (`super')outbursts.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, to be published in Astronomische Nachrichten; correct inclusion of figure