53 research outputs found
Innovation in China: A qualitative research
This study aims to examine the topic of innovation in China. The need for innovative development is of importance for the nation to keep the rapid development. A few evaluations of both Chinas indigenous innovation policy and the opportunities for the citizens to develop innovation has criticized the lack of creativity in human resources and the examination based education system to be harmful for the development of innovation. To question these critiques interviews were conducted with seven people, who are engaged working with innovation in China. The personal opinions based in experience in the field of innovation and their involvement in China as R&D consultant, professor of strategy and Innovation, director of research center, program director of R&D executive program, General Manager, program development manager and Engineering Manager. The results were compared and analyzed into themes. The findings indicated that there is a complex relationship of factors that promotes or hinders innovation in different organizations. The results were than analyzed through the sociological theory of agency and structure by Anthony Giddens. Social structures has impact of on creativity and innovation and how the network of people available influence the outcome of innovations to be available for implementation. The most important finding is the importance of creating incentives for the individual in different areas of society and different types of innovation is not necessarily hindered by the examination based education system or lack or creativity n human resources. Innovation can be nurtured by the right organizations
Kidnappning: analyserat utifrÄn fyra kategorier
Uppsatsens syfte Ă€r att studera kidnappning ur flera aspekter, sĂ„ som medias pĂ„verkan pĂ„ samhĂ€llet och rĂ€tten nĂ€r en kidnappning sker, varför inblandade parter, sĂ„ som offer, agerat som de gjort, hur domstolarna dömt i de olika fallen och om dessa domar visar upp ett avskrĂ€ckande exempel, samt om typen av offer kan spela in. FrĂ„gestĂ€llningarna âPĂ„verkar typen av kidnappningsoffer, sett med Christies ideala offerteori, den mediala uppmĂ€rksamheten kring kidnappningsfall?â, âUppstĂ„r moralpanik i samhĂ€llet gĂ€llande ett mindre vanligt brott som kidnappning med okĂ€nd kidnappare?â samt âVad har domstolen gett för bestraffning och kan domstolens bestraffning ses i sammanhang med den mediala uppmĂ€rksamhet som uppstĂ„tt kring kidnappningsfallen?â besvarades genom att undersöka fyra olika kategorier av kidnappning, med ett djupare analyserat fall i varje kategori, samt tvĂ„ andra fall i varje som stöd. Kidnappningskategorierna Ă€r ekonomiskt motiverade fall, barnkidnappning, kvinnokidnappning och politiskt motiverade fall. Fallen Ă€r tagna frĂ„n olika lĂ€nder, bland annat Sverige och USA. För att analysera dessa fall anvĂ€ndes teorier sĂ„ som moralpanik, Christies teori om det idealiska offret, avskrĂ€ckningsteorin och rational choice. Som metod anvĂ€ndes fallstudie och textanalys, med stöd av sjĂ€lvbiografier, dokumentĂ€rer, artiklar och böcker. Detta har sedan analyserats kvantitativt. Slutsatsen för uppsatsen blev som sĂ„dan att idealiska offer kan skapa större medlidande i samhĂ€llet. Detta i sin tur kan skapa en oro i form av moralpanik som sĂ€tter press pĂ„ rĂ€tten. RĂ€tten tenderar att försöka stoppa denna oro med hjĂ€lp av avskrĂ€ckande fall, och dĂ€rmed visa pĂ„ att en gĂ€rning sĂ„ som kidnappning inte Ă€r accepterad
Regulating alcohol marketing on social media : outcomes and limitations of marketing restrictions of Finlandâs 2015 Alcohol Act
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the 2015 law restricting alcohol marketing on social media in Finland. Method: The study compared posts that market alcohol on Finnish and Swedish social media in terms of number, content, and user engagement during the month of January in three separate years: 1 year before, 1 year after, and 2 years after the 2015 Alcohol Act came into effect in Finland. The data consisted of all posts (Finland, N = 1,536; Sweden, N = 1,204) published during the selected months by alcohol brands that had active national social media accounts at the time of data collection. The coding protocol included numbers of posts and measures of consumer engagement, as well as content restricted by the law. Results: Social media posting increased between the 2014 and 2016 samples in both countries. In Finland, the number of posts decreased in 2017. The proportion of posts with content restricted by the 2015 law increased in both countries between the 2014 and 2016 samples. However, in Finland, the amount of restricted content decreased in the 2017 sample, whereas in Sweden it increased, Pearson chi(2)(1) = 29.273, p <.001. The level of user engagement increased in both countries between the 2014 and 2017 samples. Conclusions: The social media regulation in the Finnish 2015 amendment has had an impact on alcohol brands' social media content, but it has not affected marketers' ability to increase consumer engagement.Peer reviewe
Compliance with regulations and codes of conduct at social media accounts of Swedish alcohol brands
Introduction and Aims This study has, for the first time, mapped the extent to which alcoholic beverage brands operating on the Swedish market follow national advertising regulations and industry selfâregulating codes in their postings on social media. Design and Methods All social media content posted on YouTube, Twitter, Facebook and Instagram by 52 brands operating in the Swedish market was gathered from three sample months in 2014, 2016 and 2017. A content analysis was performed. Results An audit of the 1204 posts shows that the brandsâ social media content conforms rather well with the industry's own selfâregulation codes. However, the studied beverage brands had alarmingly inadequate ageâgates to social media accounts. Advertisements for alcoholic beverages must be clearly distinguishable from advertisements for nonâalcoholic beverages, according to the Swedish Alcohol Act criteria. These criteria are fulfilled to a varying degree among the posts in the analysed data. Advertisements for nonâalcoholic beverages give companies a greater leeway in terms of shape and content of the post through logotypes, settings and connotations. However, advertisements of nonâalcoholic beverages continue to convey the brand connotations and image to consumers. Discussion and Conclusions Regulating alcohol advertising in online milieus can be very difficult because of the complex mixture between quickly evolving techniques and the diverse nature of communication messages targeting consumers. Many countries, including Sweden, are now focusing on how to enforce effective policies. This short report strives to shed some light on the scope and content of commercial messages on Swedish social media platforms.Peer reviewe
Gambling operatorsâ social media image creation in Finland and Sweden 2017â2020
Aim: This is a first audit of how gambling operators in Finland and Sweden address citizens on social media. The study is able to pinpoint some differences between how gambling operators utilise social media in a state monopoly system (Finland) and in a license-based regulatory framework (Sweden). Methods: Curated social media posts from Finland- and Sweden-based accounts in national languages were collected from March 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. The data (Nâ=â13,241) consist of posts published on YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. The posts were audited in terms of frequency of posting, content and user engagement. Results/Conclusions: Operators in both countries were, in general, active on their social media accounts, but there was a decline in number of posts between 2017 and 2020. A substantial number of the analysed posts did not visually portray gambling or games. In the Swedish license system, operators seem to present themselves more straightforwardly as gambling companies, whereas in the Finnish monopoly system the image was more tied to a social role of public good doing. Beneficiaries of gambling revenues became less visible in the Finnish data over time.Peer reviewe
Pollinatörers exponering för vÀxtskyddsmedel via pollen, nektar och luft i jordbrukslandskapet
Syftet med projekt, AirBeeSafe, var att öka kunskapen om bin och andra pollinerande insekters exponering för olika vÀxtskyddsmedel i odlingslandskapet. Projektet utfördes i ett samarbete mellan SLU Centrum för kemiska bekÀmpningsmedel i miljön (CKB) och Biologiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, samt lantbrukare och biodlare. Finansiering gavs av NaturvÄrdsverket och det strategiska forskningsomrÄdet BECC, Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate. Under 2020 och 2021 studerades Ätta lokaler i SkÄne under upp till tolv veckor, fördelat pÄ tre tidsperioder, maj till oktober. Provlokalerna valdes utifrÄn en gradient av jordbruksintensitet. Honungsbin (Apis mellifera) anvÀndes som modellorganism och i varje lokal placerades tvÄ bisamhÀllen. Prover av luft (154 st), pollen (114 st), bivÀvnad (65 st), och nektar (66 st) samlades in och analyserades kvantitativt för koncentrationen av upp till 108 vÀxtskyddsmedel. För att uppskatta risker för bin och andra pollinatörer viktades de funna halterna av vÀxtskyddsmedel med deras akuta toxicitet för honungsbin. Dessa riskindex för enskilda Àmnen summerades sedan för alla substanser funna i ett prov. Insamlat pollen identifierades till vÀxtart eller grupp. UppmÀtta summahalter och riskindex för luft ökade med ökande andel Äkermark i det omgivande landskapet, medan det för pollen inte fanns nÄgot sÄdant samband. Generellt var det ofta nÄgra fÄ Àmnen som gav ett stort utslag pÄ riskindexet. Pollen var den matris dÀr flest Àmnen detekterades och dÀr höga summahalter och högst riskindex förekom. Det Àmne som utgjorde störst risk i pollen var insekticiden indoxakarb, följt av betydligt lÀgre vÀrden för fungiciden penkonazol och insekticiderna acetamiprid och imidakloprid. Pollenidentifieringen visade att bÄde grödor och vilda vÀxter bidrar till risken. I luft var herbiciden prosulfokarb och fungiciden penkonazol de mest riskfyllda Àmnena. Indoxakarb var Àven det mest riskfyllda Àmnet utifrÄn analysen av bivÀvnad, medan insekticiden tiakloprid var ett riskfyllt Àmne som förekom i bÄde bin och nektar. Indoxakarbs godkÀnnande som vÀxtskyddsmedel har dock gÄtt ut (september 2022), liksom godkÀnnandena för imidakloprid (2018) och tiakloprid (2021), sÄ fynden av de Àmnena bör minska pÄ sikt och göra att riskbilden för bin och andra pollinatörer förÀndras. Riskindexen för pollen, bivÀvnad och nektar var statistiskt relaterade, medan riskindexet för luft var orelaterat till de tre andra matriserna. Luftprover verkar alltsÄ kunna ge en nÄgot annan bild av riskerna för bin och andra pollinatörer Àn prover av de andra matriserna. I framtida övervakning av risker frÄn vÀxtskyddsmedel för bin och andra pollinatörer föreslÄs, av praktiska och etiska skÀl samt med tanke pÄ ekologisk relevans, att detta i första hand sker genom bestÀmning av halter i pollen insamlat av honungsbin och berÀkning av riskindex baserade pÄ akut toxicitet för honungsbin. DÄ riskindex baserade pÄ lufthalter inte relaterade till riskindex baserade pÄ pollenhalter kan man ocksÄ tÀnka sig kompletterande mÀtningar av luft
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