Study on fouling behaviour of ultrafiltration and nanofiltration during purification of different organic matter polluted wastewaters

The boundary flux concept is a profitable tool to analyse fouling issues in membrane processes. The boundary flux value separates an operating region characterized by reversible fouling formation from irreversible one. Boundary flux values are not constant, but function of time, as calculated by the sub-boundary fouling rate value. The knowledge of both parameters may fully describe the membrane performances in sub-boundary operating regimes. Many times, for wastewater purification purposes, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes are employed to treat different wastewater streams. This appears to be feasible from both technical and economical point of view many times. Whereas initial productivity and selectivity to reach the desired purification targets are generally guaranteed, key to reach process feasibility is that the membrane must resist to fouling issues, with a limited reduction of the performances as a function of time. In other words, longevity of the membranes must be that high to minimise their substitution and, consequently, operating (consumable) costs for the replacement. In this work, after a brief introduction to the boundary flux concept, for many different wastewater, the boundary flux and sub-boundary fouling rate values of different microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes will be discussed and compared. By this approach, it will be possible to separate those systems where the use membranes for their treatment results successfully from those that represent a challenge (from a technical and/or economic point of view). This will depend sensibly of the feedstock characteristics and, in detail, on the particle size of the suspended matter and guidelines for process designers will be discussed. In most cases, it will be shown that membranes appear to perform very well, making this technology very interesting for many case studies

Pressurised Liquid Extraction of Capsaicinoids from Peppers

Se presenta el desarrollo de un método de extracción de capsaicinoides en pimientos mediante la técnica de extracción mediante fluidos presurizados

Sectoral and regional impacts of the European Carbon Market in Portugal

Across Europe, CO2 emission permits represent one of the main policy instruments to comply with the limits established by the European Commission to achieve the goals of the Kyoto Protocol. In this paper we use microdata to address two issues regarding the impact of the European Carbon Market (EU ETS). On the one hand, we analyse the sectoral effects of the EU ETS in Portugal. The main goal is to study the outcomes of this policy in terms of the transactions carried out between sectors, as well as the distributive consequences. On the other hand, we also look at the regional impact. The pre-existing specialization of different regions in the production of different goods and services might lead to an uneven economic impact of the new permit market. In particular, Portuguese data indicate a distribution of revenue from low income to high income regions, or rather, between installations located in those regions. We focus on the first two years of operation of the EU ETS, using data for each one of the 244 Portuguese installations regulated by this market as well as financial data for 80% of these installationsRegional impact, sectoral impact, tradable CO2 permits, European Carbon Market.

La socialización del patrimonio bibliográfico y documental de la humanidad desde la perspectiva de los derechos culturales

The socialization of cultural expressions refers to society having access, knowing, appreciating, and reasonably using cultural events and documentaries worldwide. Cultural rights are inherent attributes of society that enable cultural value, experiential demonstrations and reasonably tangible and intangible representations. From this understanding, cultural rights are conducive to socializing the documentary heritage because -among other contributions- they provide access to information, the assessment of documents and the preservation of information in all its manifestations. The overall objective of this document is to analyze some key to socialize bibliographic and documentary heritage of humanity. The particular aim of this paper is to reflect on the socialization of documentary heritage from the viewpoint of the cultural rights, educational trends related to the rights and heritage, and the action on the issue from a library science approach. This document is divided into four sections. The first addresses the fundamental concepts of bibliographic and documentary heritage. The second contains the corresponding to the socialization of the documentary memory. The third is the relationship between cultural rights, libraries and documentary heritage. Finally, we analyze the mission of librarians regarding the socialization of documentary heritage.La socialización de las expresiones culturales se refiere a que la sociedad tenga acceso, conozca, aprecie y usufructúe razonadamente las manifestaciones culturales y documentales mundiales. Los derechos culturales son atributos inherentes de la sociedad, que posibilitan valorar cultural, vivencial y razonadamente las manifestaciones y las representaciones tangibles e intangibles. A partir de esta comprensión, los derechos culturales son propicios para socializar el patrimonio documental, debido a que –entre otras contribuciones- posibilitan el acceso a la información, la valoración de los documentos y la preservación de la información en todas sus manifestaciones. El objetivo general de este documento es analizar algunas acciones fundamentales para socializar el patrimonio bibliográfico y documental de la humanidad. El objetivo particular de este trabajo, es reflexionar sobre la socialización del patrimonio documental desde el enfoque de los derechos culturales, las tendencias educativas relacionadas con los derechos y el patrimonio, así como las acciones en torno al tema desde un enfoque bibliotecológico. Este documento se estructura en cuatro apartados. El primero, aborda los conceptos fundamentales sobre el patrimonio bibliográfico y documental. El segundo, contiene lo respectivo a la socialización de la memoria documental. El tercero, trata la relación entre los derechos culturales, las bibliotecas y la herencia documental. Finalmente, se analiza la misión de los bibliotecólogos respecto a la socialización del patrimonio documental

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of capsaicinoids from peppers

The development of a rapid, reproducible and simple method of extraction of the majority capsaicinoids (nordihydrocapsaicin, capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin and homodihydrocapsaicin) present in hot peppers by the employment of ultrasound-assisted extraction is reported

Fast determination of capsaicinoids from peppers by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography using a reversed phase Monolithic Column

This article reports the development of a rapid and reproducible method of HPLC with fluorescence detection for the determination and quantification of the main capsaicinoids (nordihydrocapsaicin, capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin and homodihydro-capsaicin) present in hot peppers by employing a monolithic column

Optimization of a new extraction technique for analysis of verbenone and cis-verbenol in pine seeds

Results from a systematic study of the factors affecting extraction of cis-verbenol and verbenone from pine seeds are presented. Five extraction conditions were investigated: extraction solvent, method of extraction, extraction temperature, volume of solvent, and the ratio of the mass of sample to the amount of extraction solvent

El impacto de las tecnologías de la información en la cultura: una visión bibliotecològica

The aim of this paper is to reflect on technology and culture, the same study highlights the need to rethink the concepts of these areas, and at the same time mainstreamed in order to understand the dynamics of culture in the knowledge society. This paper is divided into four sections. The first contains some history of technology and its influence on modern thought. The second part is concerning the information society and knowledge. The third section discusses the concepts of culture, technology, linking between socialization and culture. The fourth part deals with the relationship between ICT culture and librarianship. Finally, concluding remarks are provided

Co-designing an eHealth Intervention to Support the Self-Management of Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a rheumatic pathology that causes a wide range of symptoms that can appear individually, or in sets, such as fatigue, sleep disorders, attention, and concentration deficit, also having connection with musculoskeletal, psychological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal disorders. This pathology has a greater predominance in women and, in Portugal, for every man there are six women with the diagnosis and a total of approximately two hundred thousand people (2.1% of the population). The non-pharmaceutical way to mitigate these symptoms is through physical therapy. Considering the pandemic moment in which we live, there have been many difficulties in having physical therapy sessions because of the fear of infection through contact with their physical therapists. There are also people who live in more isolated areas and with little access to healthcare, who often must travel to larger urban centers to get the care they need. Moreover, these people have difficulties in self-managing their illness, where depending on the day their symptoms can get worse, and they do not know how to deal with them. Currently, there is no specialized solution for people with this diagnosis that solves these problems, so this dissertation aims to study and design a solution that allows people diagnosed with fibromyalgia to self-manage their pathology, as well as have a closer contact with their physical therapist, by being able to perform their sessions in a hybrid way, i.e., in person or remotely. This solution was designed using a Co-Design approach, following the Design Thinking methodology, where the community (people with the diagnosis, physiotherapists, researchers and academics) were involved in all stages of the process, from problem identification and idealization of their solutions, to prototyping and its validation. This solution involved the development of a mobile application, having several important components, such as self management, telerehabilitation, motivation, community and communication. In order to evaluate the whole process and the usability of the solution, tests were performed with end users who had not yet participated in the design of the solution

Rapid determination of simple polyphenols in grapes by HPLC using a monolithic column

The development of a rapid, reliable and reproducible LC method for the determination and quantification of 13 polyphenols (gallic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, gentisic acid, catechin, vanillinic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, epicatechin, syringaldehyde, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid and resveratrol) in grapes and derived products is reported