O uso do jogo digital no processo de alfabetização: um relato de experiência

This article sought to discuss the use of digital game as a pedagogical resource in the literacy process in the context of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The reflections presented here were motivated by the following question: to what extent does the use of digital games stimulate the learning of children in the initial process of literacy? It consists of a qualitative study, conducted by means of a literature review and an experience report. The main results indicate that digital games are an important pedagogical resource for literacy, contributing to the acquisition of letters, syllables and words, favoring interaction with those involved in the process, and motivating them to participate in all proposed situations.El objetivo del texto es discutir el uso del juego digital en el proceso de alfabetización como herramienta pedagógica en el contexto de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), buscando analizar las posibilidades del juego digital como recurso pedagógico y relatar la experiencia de trabajar con él en una clase de alfabetización. La pregunta que motivó las reflexiones fue: ¿hasta qué punto los juegos digitales en alfabetización estimulan el aprendizaje de los niños que se encuentran en el proceso inicial de lectura y escritura? La metodología de trabajo se configuró como un enfoque cualitativo, basado en la revisión de literatura y el reporte de experiencias. Los principales resultados mostraron que los juegos digitales son recursos educativos importantes para el proceso de alfabetización, contribuyendo a la adquisición de letras, sílabas y palabras, favoreciendo la interacción con los involucrados y motivándolos a participar en todas las situaciones propuestas.O objetivo do texto foi discutir o uso do jogo digital no processo de alfabetização como instrumento pedagógico no contexto das tecnologias da informação e comunicação, procurando analisar as possibilidades do jogo digital como recurso pedagógico e relatar a experiência de trabalho com ele em uma turma de alfabetização. A questão que motivou as reflexões foi: até que ponto os jogos digitais na alfabetização estimulam o aprendizado das crianças que se encontram no processo inicial de leitura e escrita? A metodologia do trabalho configurou-se como uma abordagem qualitativa, tendo como bases a revisão da literatura e o relato de experiência. Os principais resultados apontaram que os jogos digitais são importantes recursos pedagógicos para o processo de alfabetização, contribuindo para a aquisição das letras, das sílabas e das palavras, favorecendo uma interação com os envolvidos e motivando-os a participar de todas as situações propostas

Whipworm infection promotes bacterial invasion, intestinal microbiota imbalance, and cellular immunomodulation

Infections with Trichuris trichiura are among the most common causes of intestinal parasitism in children worldwide, and the diagnosis is based on microscopic egg identification in the chronic phase of the infection. During parasitism, the adult worm of the trichurid nematode maintains its anterior region inserted in the intestinal mucosa, which causes serious damage and which may open access for gut microorganisms through the intestinal tissue. The immune-regulatory processes taking place during the evolution of the chronic infection are still not completely understood. By use of the Swiss Webster outbred mouse model, mice were infected with 200 eggs, and tolerance to the establishment of a chronic Trichuris muris infection was induced by the administration of a short pulse of dexamethasone during nematode early larval development. The infected mice presented weight loss, anemia, an imbalance of the microbiota, and intense immunological cell infiltration in the large intestine. It was found that mice have a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 response, with differences being found among the different anatomical locations. After 45 days of infection, the parasitism induced changes in the microbiota composition and bacterial invasion of the large intestine epithelium. In addition, we describe that the excretory-secretory products from the nematode have anti-inflammatory effects on mouse macrophages cultured in vitro, suggesting that T. muris may modulate the immune response at the site of insertion of the worm inside mouse tissue. The data presented in this study suggest that the host immune state at 45 days postinfection with T. muris during the chronic phase of infection is the result of factors derived from the worm as well as alterations to the microbiota and bacterial invasion. Taken together, these results provide new information about the parasite-host-microbiota relationship and open new treatment possibilities.Fil: Schachter, Julieta. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: De Oliveira, Dayane Alvarinho. Universidade do Estado de Rio do Janeiro; BrasilFil: Da Silva, Camila Marques. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: De Barros Alencar, Alba Cristina Miranda. Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro; BrasilFil: Duarte, Michelle. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Müller Pereira da Silva, Matheus. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: De Paula Rosa Ignácio, Ana Claudia. Universidade do Estado de Rio do Janeiro; BrasilFil: Lopes Torres, Eduardo José. Universidade do Estado de Rio do Janeiro; Brasi

Title: Synergism between Fluconazole and Terminalia catappa Extract and its Use in the Treatment of Candida-infected Tenebrio molitor Larvae / Título: Sinergismo entre Fluconazol e o Extrato de Terminalia catappa e seu uso no tratamento de larvas de Tenebrio molitor infectadas com Candida

The increase of Candida infections in the last few decades is alarming and the resistance development to antifungals, especially fluconazole, the most widely used drug for treatment, enhances the importance of these infections. Thus, identifying new substances and provide the pharmaceutical industry with the most effective drugs is imperative. Goals were to show the antifungal, anti-biofilm, and synergistic actions between fluconazole (FLZ) and hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia catappa (TcHE) against Candida vaginal isolates. TcHE was analyzed for anti-Candida activity by agar diffusion and microdilutions assays. Totoxicity was evaluated by the hemolytic test and in larvae of Tenebrio molitor. The effect of TcHE on Candida cells was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis and interference of TcHE on biofilms by MTT assay. In vivo Candida infection and treatment with TcHE was analysed in T. molitor larvae. TcHE showed antifungal activity against all strains tested. The extract was not cytotoxic among concentrations of 3 to 100 mg/mL. Moreover, combinations of TcHE with FLZ have considerably increased the anti-yeast activity (FICI ? 0.5). Our findings indicated that TcHE promoted cell membrane instability probably causing plasma membrane damage in C. albicans, resulting in increased cell membrane permeability. These results could also explain the synergistic activity observed between TcHE and fluconazole. TcHE exhibited anti-biofilm properties against C. albicans strains. The antifungal activity and the low cytotoxic potential demonstrated by TcHE reveal that it is promising for development as a new antimycotic

AVALIAÇÃO HIGIÊNICO-SANITÁRIA DA VENDA DE PESCADO NO MUNICÍPIO DE CAUCAIA

Fish consumption has increased significantly in recent years in Brazil, especially in the Northeast. Despite the large fish trade in the region of the municipality of Caucaia in Ceará, it is not known about the quality, hygienic and, sanitary conditions of the fish sold in this locality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of Caucaia’s fish outlets, as well as the freshness characteristics of this product marketed in this municipality. Twenty-two fish outlets were visited (3 in the center of Caucaia and 19 beach huts). It was observed that the points of sale located in both the urban center and the beach region did not obey the binary shelf-temperature time and did not present adequate conservation infrastructures, where 50% of the visited establishments did not have basic sanitation. All fish marketing sites in the municipality did not follow the rules of good handling and hygiene practices. In addition, the marketed fish presented characteristics that were outside the quality standards for consumption. In view of this, it can be concluded that establishments that sell fish in the municipality of Caucaia present inadequate conditions for handling and conservation of products, characterizing as a potential risk to the food safety of consumers.O consumo de pescado tem aumentado muito nos últimos anos no Brasil, principalmente na região Nordeste. Apesar do grande comércio de pescado na região do município de Caucaia no Ceará, não se conhece sobre a qualidade do pescado vendido nessa localidade, condições higiênico-sanitárias dos estabelecimentos. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias dos pontos de venda de pescado em Caucaia, assim como as características de frescor desse produto comercializado nesse município. Foram visitados 22 postos de venda de pescado (3 no centro de Caucaia e 19 barracas de praia). Observou-se que os pontos de vendas localizados tanto no centro urbano quanto na região praiana não obedeciam ao binário tempo de prateleira-temperatura e não apresentavam infraestruturas adequadas de conservação, onde 50% dos estabelecimentos visitados não dispunham de saneamento básico. Todos os locais de comercialização de pescado do município não seguiam às normas de boas práticas de manipulação e higiene. Além disso, o pescado comercializado apresentava características fora dos padrões de qualidade para consumo. Diante disso, pode-se concluir que os estabelecimentos que comercializam pescado no município de Caucaia apresentam condições inadequadas de manipulação e conservação dos produtos, caracterizando-se como um risco potencial à segurança alimentar dos consumidores

Angina bullosa haemorrhagica:a 14-year multi-institutional retrospective study from Brazil and literature review

Angina bullosa haemorrhagica (ABH) is characterized by the recurrent appearance of blood blisters on the oral mucosa, mainly in adults' soft palate. In general, the blisters rupture spontaneously, lacking the necessity for biopsy. We report the clinical features of 23 ABH cases, emphasizing the clinical behavior and the management of these conditions. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 12,727 clinical records of oral and maxillofacial lesions from four dental services in Brazil were analyzed. Clinical data were collected from the clinical records and evaluated. The series comprised 12 males (52.2%) and 11 females (47.8%), with a mean age of 56.8?±?14.6?years (ranging: 24-82?years) and a 1.1:1 male-to-female ratio. Most of the lesions affected the soft palate (n = 15, 65.2%). Clinically, the lesions presented mainly as an asymptomatic (n = 17, 73.9%) blood-filled blister that ruptured after a few minutes or hours, leaving an erosion. The masticatory trauma was the most frequent triggering event. No patient had coagulation disorders. A biopsy was performed in only four cases (17.4%). Treatment was symptomatic with a favorable outcome. ABH is still poorly documented in the literature, and its etiology remains uncertain. ABH mainly affects the soft palate of elderly adults and has a favorable evolution in a few days. The therapeutic approach is often focused only on the relief of symptoms. However, it can share some clinical features with more serious diseases. Therefore, clinicians must recognize these lesions to avoid misdiagnosis

High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and low vaccine response in children and adolescents in Northeastern Brazil

Children have an increased likelihood of becoming carriers of the chronic hepatitis B virus. A total of 1,381 children and adolescents were assessed in five municipalities of Maranhao State, Brazil, for detection of anti-HBc, HBsAg and anti-HBs serologic markers and sociodemographic and behavioral features. Among those who were HBsAg negative and anti-HBc negative, the proportion of anti-HBs positives was calculated after the individuals had completed the vaccination schedule. The robust variance of the Poisson’s regression model was used in order to have adjusted tables and calculate the prevalence ratio. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of anti-HBc with or without HBsAg and the vaccine response. It was observed that 163 children were anti-HBc positive and nine individuals were HBsAg positive. The factors associated with the infection were: municipality of residence (residing in Morros municipality or Humberto de Campos municipality), residence in a rural area, aged between 13 and 15 years old, and illicit drug use. The percentage of individuals who were anti-HBc negative and received all three doses of the vaccine was 48.5%. Among these, only 276 (38.9%) had antibodies at protective concentrations. In an adjusted analysis, Morros municipality presented an increased positivity of vaccine response (p < 0.001), and the age ranging between 6 and 10 years old presented a reduced frequency of response. This study reveals a high prevalence of current and past HBV infection within the targeted age group which, in addition to the low vaccination coverage and serological responses, raises concerns about the management of prevention measures, especially the quality of vaccination in these locations

Soybean response (Glycine max L.) under the use of biostimulants: A literature review

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a crop with prominence in Brazil and worldwide. The increase in soybean production and production capacity is associated with scientific and technological advances in the productive sector. One of these advances is the use of biostimulants. In this sense, this work aimed to review current knowledge about the effects of biostimulants on soybeans, highlighting the direct or indirect response of the plant when using such substances. This review was carried out through a research with a qualitative approach, being considered a literature review of the narrative type, using other studies and research at the same theme, in high impact magazines from the last five years or more that were relevant to the study, with subsequent critical reading about the subject. Based on found results, it is clear the use of biostimulants in soybeans is a potential alternative input for increasing the growth and development of the crop, as they are able to provide increments in its productive variables. However, further research is needed in order to provide better information on agronomic interests

Instrumentos de Avaliação no Brasil como Forma de Poder: o ENEM discutido com criticidade / Evaluation Instruments in Brazil as a Form of Power: the ENEM critically discussed

Este artigo tem como objetivo promover a discussão sobre o uso de instrumentos de avaliação díspares em relação a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional e propõe utilizar as práticas freirianas em contrapartida as avaliações tradicionais. O trabalho parte da teoria de Foucault, e o poder do Estado; caracteriza a avaliação somativa e define algumas técnicas abordadas pelo livro “A pedagogia da autonomia” de Paulo Freire. Nas considerações finais é demonstrado de forma crítica o contraponto entre as teorias apresentadas. 

INCIDÊNCIA DE INFECÇÃO EM PUERPERAS DE UMA MATERNIDADE DE REFERÊNCIA DO SERTÃO CENTRAL DO CEARÁ

O puerpério é uma fase caracterizada como o período que sucede ao parto e é marcada pelas várias modificações no corpo e na vida da mulher

Instrumentos de avaliação no Brasil como forma de poder: o ENEM discutido com criticidade / Evaluation instruments in Brazil as a form of power: ENEM critically discussed

Este artigo tem como objetivo promover a discussão sobre o uso de instrumentos de avaliação díspares em relação a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional e propõe utilizar as práticas freirianas em contrapartida as avaliações tradicionais. O trabalho parte da teoria de Foucault, e o poder do Estado; caracteriza a avaliação somativa e define algumas técnicas abordadas pelo livro “A pedagogia da autonomia” de Paulo Freire. Nas considerações finais é demonstrado de forma crítica o contraponto entre as teorias apresentadas.