Chacun sa citation

La citabilità del testo filmico pone – seppure in misura differente – rilevanti problemi di metodo sia al cineasta che allo studioso. Per queste ragioni è importante restringere il raggio d'azione della citazione ed attenersi, per lo meno in ambito cinematografico, alla classificazione proposta da Genette (1982). Attraverso l'analisi di alcuni film presenti nell'opera collettiva Chacun son cinéma (2007) – nello specifico i film di Hou Hsiao-Hsien, Abbas Kiarostami, Jean-Pierre e Luc Dardenne, Atom Egoyan – si sviluppa una proposta di studio su alcune delle possibilità di citazione al cinema.The quotability of films entails – albeit in different ways – relevant methodological problems both for directors and for scholars. For these reasons, it is important to restrict the range of action of quotations. Moreover, as far as cinema is concerned, it would be suitable to follow Genette's classification (1982). Through the analysis of some movies from the collective opera Chacun son cinéma (2007) and, specifically, through the examination of films shot by Hou Hsiao-Hsien, Abbas Kiarostami, Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne, and Atom Egoyan – this article offers a proposal for the study of some possibilities of quotation in movies

Le contrôle de l’Univers: la dialettica del potere nelle Histoire(s) du cinéma di Jean-Luc Godard

Con le sue Histoire(s) du cinéma Jean-Luc Godard lega definitivamente la sua esistenza di essere umano alla storia del cinema, inteso come irrefrenabile flusso di immagini, come sistema di schermi e specchi rispetto ai quali la nostra esperienza è produttrice e prodotto allo stesso tempo. L’immagine è la negazione del niente – dice Godard – ma anche lo sguardo del niente su di noi. Attraverso una scrittura cinematografica onnivora, attraverso lo sfruttamento delle potenzialità citazioniste del film – possibili solo per un regista –, Godard allestisce un meccanismo dialettico di potere visivo che mette in luce la resistenza dell’individuo nei confronti delle immagini e la resistenza delle immagini nei confronti dell’individuo. All’incrocio tra un film-archivio e un film-museo, Godard manipola le immagini fino a svelarci la struttura del loro segreto potere.In Histoire(s) du cinéma, Jean-Luc Godard finally connects his human being’s existence with history of cinema as uncontrollable stream of images, as a system of screens and mirrors that our experience produces and from which it is produced. The image is the nothing’s negation – Godard says – but also the nothing’s gaze on us. Through an omnivorous cinematographic writing, through the exploitation of quotation’s potentiality of movies – made possible only for a director –, Godard prepares a dialectic mechanism of visual power that points out the individual’s endurance versus images and images’ endurance versus the individual. Between film-archive and film-museum, Godard manipulates images until to reveal us their secret power structure

Lo sguardo smarrito: riflessioni intorno a Il grido di Michelangelo Antonioni.

L’articolo intende dimostrare il ruolo centrale che Il grido ha nell’evoluzione stilistica del cinema di Antonioni. La prima parte si sofferma sul tema del viaggio di Aldo che si lega saldamente ad una destrutturazione del paesaggio tale da impedire ai personaggi – e allo spettatore – di orientarsi al suo interno. Il tema dell’indebolimento della visione, dello sguardo sia dei personaggi che dello spettatore viene poi, nella seconda parte, analizzato sistematicamente con riferimento ad alcune sequenze del film.This paper aims to emphasize the crucial role played by Il grido in the development of Antonioni’s filmstyle. The first part is focused on Aldo’s absurd journey throughout the Po Valley, strictly tied to adeconstruction of the landscape. This narrative and stylistic choice prevents characters – and viewersas well – from orienting themselves within such a landscape and journey. This lack of vision and gaze,both related to characters and viewers, is systematically analyzed in the second part of the paper,referring to some sequences from the movie

How can cells count? Robustness in self-assembly pathways

Cells are characterised by different kinds of structures, organelles, each of them with a specific function. In some cases, in order to perform its task, an organelle needs to have some precise features, lika a location, or shape, size and requires to be present in an exact number. Some of these features can't be directly encoded in DNA itself and they are controlled by other means. The present work addresses the poorly understood problem of how cells can count. More precisely, what mechanisms are used by the cell in order to control and constrain the number of structures it needs. In order to do so, this thesis starts by considering the flagellum, a structure that allows the cell to move in its environment, and analyses its self-assembly pathway traying to figure out what the purpose of each step of the process is in making the "counting mechanism" robust to initial resources number variations and stochastic fluctuations.ope

Miracle: the multi-interface cross-layer extension of ns2

We present Miracle, a novel framework which extends ns2 to facilitate the simulation and the design of beyond 4G networks. Miracle enhances ns2 by providing an efficient and embedded engine for handling cross-layer messages and, at the same time, enabling the coexistence of multiple modules within each layer of the protocol stack. We also present a novel framework developed as an extension of Miracle called Miracle PHY and MAC. This framework facilitates the development of more realistic Channel, PHY and MAC modules, considering features currently lacking in most state-of-the-art simulators, while at the same time giving a strong emphasis on code modularity, interoperability and reusability. Finally, we provide an overview of the wireless technologies implemented in Miracle, discussing in particular the models for the IEEE 802.11, UMTS and WiMAX standards and for Underwater Acoustic Networks. We observe that, thanks to Miracle and its extensions, it is possible to carefully simulate complex network architectures at all the OSI layers, from the physical reception model to standard applications and system management schemes. This allows to have a comprehensive view of all the interactions among network components, which play an important role in many research areas, such as cognitive networking and cross-layer design

Probabilistic load forecasting with Reservoir Computing

Some applications of deep learning require not only to provide accurate results but also to quantify the amount of confidence in their prediction. The management of an electric power grid is one of these cases: to avoid risky scenarios, decision-makers need both precise and reliable forecasts of, for example, power loads. For this reason, point forecasts are not enough hence it is necessary to adopt methods that provide an uncertainty quantification. This work focuses on reservoir computing as the core time series forecasting method, due to its computational efficiency and effectiveness in predicting time series. While the RC literature mostly focused on point forecasting, this work explores the compatibility of some popular uncertainty quantification methods with the reservoir setting. Both Bayesian and deterministic approaches to uncertainty assessment are evaluated and compared in terms of their prediction accuracy, computational resource efficiency and reliability of the estimated uncertainty, based on a set of carefully chosen performance metrics

Explainability in subgraphs-enhanced Graph Neural Networks

Recently, subgraphs-enhanced Graph Neural Networks (SGNNs) have been introduced to enhance the expressive power of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), which was proved to be not higher than the 1-dimensional Weisfeiler-Leman isomorphism test. The new paradigm suggests using subgraphs extracted from the input graph to improve the model's expressiveness, but the additional complexity exacerbates an already challenging problem in GNNs: explaining their predictions. In this work, we adapt PGExplainer, one of the most recent explainers for GNNs, to SGNNs. The proposed explainer accounts for the contribution of all the different subgraphs and can produce a meaningful explanation that humans can interpret. The experiments that we performed both on real and synthetic datasets show that our framework is successful in explaining the decision process of an SGNN on graph classification tasks

Gas Sorption and Diffusion in Amorphous and Semicrystalline Nanoporous Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)oxide

In this contribution is presented an analysis of mass transport properties of low molecular weight compounds in amorphous PPO and in two semicrystalline PPOs obtained by treating with benzene and carbon tetrachloride the amorphous sample. It is found that semicrystalline samples are endowed with larger gas sorption capacity and diffusivity as compared to the amorphous ones: this behavior has been attributed prevalently to the nanoporous nature of the crystalline phases induced by treatment with solvents. In particular, sorption experiments, carried out at 30 °C with methane, carbon dioxide, propane and propylene, have shown that both semicrystalline PPOs display rather interesting features which make them suitable for use as membrane materials in gas separation processes, in view of the relatively high values of solubility and diffusivity. Moreover, these peculiar sorption and mass transport properties have been found to be virtually unaffected by thermal aging: in fact, sorption experiments conducted on amorphous and semicrystalline PPO after treatment at 65 °C for three months showed that sorption and transport properties of aged samples are the same as for the untreated ones. This is an important feature to ensure the stability of performances in membrane applications