Fortalecimiento del autocuidado en relación con el manejo de la dermatitis asociada con la incontinencia

1 documento en PDF de 1 páginaObjetivo. Fortalecer la capacidad de auto cuidado de los pacientes y sus cuidadores para prevenir la ocurrencia de dermatitis asociada a la incontinencia en la Fundación Cardio Infantil a partir del periodo 2016-2. Metodología. Bajo la orientación conceptual del Modelo de Autocuidado de Orem, se realizó un diagnóstico que utilizó el esquema de matriz DOFA para reconocimiento de las condiciones de los pacientes, sus familiares, el personal de enfermería y la institución, con respecto a la situación del cuidado de personas con dermatitis asociada a la incontinencia. A partir de este reconocimiento se planteó un Proyecto con base en el Ciclo PHVA, dirigido al fortalecimiento del autocuidado y factores intervinientes en los casos en que se presenta este tipo de dermatitis

CBT/DBT SKILLS TRAINING FOR ADULTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with marked impairments in familial, social, and professional functioning. Although stimulant treatments can be effective in adult ADHD, some patients will respond poorly or not at all to medication. Previous studies demonstrated that cognitive behavioural therapy- (CBT) and dialectical behavior therapy- (DBT) oriented interventions are effective in reducing the burden of the disease, which is mainly marked by depression, interpersonal difficulties, low self-esteem, and low quality of life. In order to determine the effectiveness of this intervention, we assessed the benefits of a CBT/DBT programme to reduce residual symptoms and help patients improve their quality of life. Subjects and methods: 49 ADHD-patients, poor responders to medication, were enrolled in a one-year programme where they received individual therapy, associated with weekly sessions of group therapy with different modules: Mindfulness, Emotion Regulation, Interpersonal Effectiveness and Distress Tolerance, Impulsivity/Hyperactivity and Attention. Each subject was assessed at baseline, at months 3 and 6, and at the end of the treatment for ADHD severity (ASRS v1.1), depression severity (BDI-II), hopelessness (BHS), mindfulness skills (KIMS), anger expression and control (STAXI), impulsivity (BIS-11), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), and social functioning (QFS). The 49 ADHD patients were compared with 13 ADHD subjects on a waiting list. Linear mixed models were used to measure response to treatment. Results: Overall, the psychotherapeutic treatment was associated with significant improvements in almost all dimensions. The most significant changes were observed for BDI-II (b=-0.30; p<0.0001), ASRS total score (b=-0.16; p<0.0001), and KIMS AwA (b=0.21; p<0.0001), with moderate to large effect sizes. Compared with the waiting list controls, ADHD patients showed a better, albeit non-significant, pattern of response. Conclusions: Individual and structured psycho-educational DBT/CBT groups support existing data suggesting that a structured psychotherapeutic approach is useful for patients who respond partially or not at all to drug therapy

Estresse oxidativo no exercício, modelos animais e intensidade do esforço

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed during the normal metabolism, and continually cause cell damage. The main antioxidant defense system is constituted by antioxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Physical exercise is a condition that influences the balance between oxidative attack and antioxidant defense mechanisms. To protect the tissues against possible damages caused by ROS, the antioxidant enzymes seem to adapt, increasing their activities in trained individuals. Many studies involving oxidative stress and exercises have been conducted in animal models, especially the rat. However, most of these studies are criticized, because few associate the metabolic variables to the intensity of the effort experienced by the animal during the exercise.Espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROS) são formadas durante o metabolismo normal e, continuamente, causam danos celulares. O principal sistema de defesa antioxidante é constituído por enzimas antioxidantes como superoxido dismutase, catalase e glutationa peroxidase. O exercício físico é uma condição que exerce influência sobre o balanço entre ataque oxidativo e mecanismo de defesa antioxidante. Para proteger os tecidos contra possíveis danos causados pelos EROS, as enzimas antioxidantes parecem responder de maneira adaptativa, elevando suas atividades em indivíduos treinados. Muitos estudos envolvendo estresse oxidativo e exercícios têm sido conduzidos em modelos animais, especialmente o rato. Contudo, esses estudos são passíveis erros, pois poucos associam as variáveis metabólicas com a intensidade do esforço nesses animais

TLR2 and TLR9 modulate enteric nervous system inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide

Accumulating evidence suggest that the enteric nervous system (ENS) plays important roles in gastrointestinal inflammatory responses, which could be in part mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. The aim of this study was to characterise the expression and functionality of TLR2/4/9 in the ENS. TLR2/4/9 expression was assessed in the plexuses of adult rats and embryonic ENS cultures by immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR. Following stimulation with TLR2/4/9 ligands or their combinations, activation of NF-kB, production of TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 and chemoattraction of RAW264.7 macrophages were evaluated by means of Western blot, ELISA, immunofluorescence and migration assays in transwell inserts. TLR2/4/9 staining colocalised with enteric neuronal markers, whereas their presence in enteroglial processes was low to inexistent. Stimulation of ENS cultures with selective ligands induced NF-kB activation and release of cytokines and chemokines by neurons and resident immunocytes. TLR2 neutralisation before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge reduced production of inflammatory mediators, whereas combination of TLR2/4 ligands promoted macrophage migration. Combined stimulation of cultures with LPS and the CpG oligonucleotide 1826 (TLR4/9 ligands) caused a synergic increase in chemoattraction and cytokine production. Our results suggest that the ENS, and particularly enteric neurons, can integrate a variety of microbial signals and respond in a relatively selective fashion, depending on the particular TLRs stimulated. These findings additionally suggest that the ENS is capable of initiating a defensive response against pathogens and expanding inflammation. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0653-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Applications and perspectives of plant gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9

Los avances en materia de genética y biotecnología introducen una dimensión novedosa en la utilización de herramientas de edición génica en plantas. En el presente trabajo se relevaron 164 publicaciones científicas que aplicaron CRISPR-Cas9 en el mejoramiento genético vegetal desde 2013 hasta 2020. En la mayor parte de los trabajos publicados se modificaron los siguientes cultivos: arroz, tomate, Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica sp., maíz, soja, tabaco, trigo y papa. Los caracteres modificados mediante CRISPR-Cas9 fueron, en orden de importancia: (i) tolerancia a estreses bióticos, (ii) aumento de la calidad y valor nutricional, (iii) mejoras en los componentes de rendimiento, arquitectura de planta y longitud de ciclo, (iv) tolerancia a estreses abióticos y (v) tolerancia a herbicidas. Los resultados confirman que los avances son vertiginosos y que la técnica es promisoria, sin embargo, es necesario un enfoque multidisciplinario que contemple, además, la percepción pública, lo cual resultará beneficioso para productores, consumidores y ambiente.Advances in genetics and biotechnology introduce a novel dimension in the use of gene editing tools in plants. In the present work, 164 scientific publications that applied CRISPR-Cas9 in plant genetic improvement from 2013 to 2020 were surveyed. In most of the published works, the following crops were modified: rice, tomato, Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica sp., corn, soybeans, tobacco, wheat and potatoes. The traits modified by CRISPR-Cas9 were, in order of importance: (i) tolerance to biotic stresses, (ii) increased quality and nutritional value, (iii) improvements in yield components, plant architecture and cycle length, (iv) tolerance to abiotic stresses and (v) tolerance to herbicides. The results confirm that the advances are vertiginous and that the technique is promising, however, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary that also contemplates public perception, which will be beneficial for producers, consumers and the environment.Fil: Salerno, Juan Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Universidad de Morón; Argentina. Universidad del Salvador; ArgentinaFil: Kandus, Mariana Virginia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Universidad de Morón; Argentina. Universidad del Salvador; ArgentinaFil: Lima, Natacha Salomé. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: González Pla, Florencia Paula. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaFil: Prada, Arturo. Universidad de Cádiz; EspañaFil: Almorza, David. Universidad de Cádiz; EspañaFil: Michel Fariña, Juan Jorge. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentin

Aplicaciones y perspectivas de la edición génica de plantas mediante CRISPR-Cas9 = Applications and perspectives of plant gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9

Los avances en materia de genética y biotecnología, introducen una dimensión novedosa en la utilización de herramientas de edición génica en plantas. En el presente trabajo se relevaron 164 publicaciones científicas que aplicaron CRISPR-Cas9 en el mejoramiento genético vegetal desde 2013 hasta 2020. En la mayor parte de los trabajos publicados se modificaron los siguientes cultivos: arroz, tomate, Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica sp., maíz, soja, tabaco, trigo y papa. Los caracteres modificados mediante CRISPR-Cas9 fueron, en orden de importancia: (i) tolerancia a estreses bióticos, (ii) aumento de la calidad y valor nutricional, (iii) mejoras en los componentes de rendimiento, arquitectura de planta y longitud de ciclo, (iv) tolerancia a estreses abióticos y (v) tolerancia a herbicidas. Los resultados confirman que los avances son vertiginosos y que la técnica es promisoria, sin embargo, es necesario un enfoque multidisciplinario que contemple, además, la percepción pública, lo cual resultará beneficioso para productores, consumidores y ambiente.Advances in genetics and biotechnology introduce a novel dimension in the use of gene editing tools in plants. In the present work, 164 scientific publications that applied CRISPR-Cas9 in plant genetic improvement from 2013 to 2020 were surveyed. In most of the published works, the following crops were modified: rice, tomato, Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica sp., corn, soybeans, tobacco, wheat and potatoes. The traits modified by CRISPR-Cas9 were, in order of importance: (i) tolerance to biotic stresses, (ii) increased quality and nutritional value, (iii) improvements in yield components, plant architecture and cycle length, (iv) tolerance to abiotic stresses and (v) tolerance to herbicides. The results confirm that the advances are vertiginous and that the technique is promising, however, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary that also contemplates public perception, which will be beneficial for producers, consumers and the environment.Instituto de GenéticaFil: Salerno, Juan Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Salerno, Juan Carlos. Universidad de Morón; ArgentinaFil: Salerno, Juan Carlos. Universidad del Salvador; ArgentinaFil: Kandus, Mariana Virginia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Kandus, Mariana Virginia. Universidad de Morón; ArgentinaFil: Kandus, Mariana Virginia. Universidad del Salvador; ArgentinaFil: Lima, Natacha Salomé. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Lima, Natacha Salomé. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: González Pla, Florencia Paula. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica; ArgentinaFil: Prada, Arturo. Universidad de Cádiz. Facultad de Medicina; EspañaFil: Almorza, David. Universidad de Cádiz. Facultad de Ciencias del Trabajo; EspañaFil: Fariña, Juan Jorge Michel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentin

Report on the CoRoT Evolution and Seismic Tools Activity

We present the work undertaken by the Evolution and Seismic Tools Activity (ESTA) team of the CoRoT Seismology Working Group. We have focused on two main tasks: Task 1 - now finished - has aimed at testing, comparing and optimising seven stellar evolution codes which will be used to model the internal structure and evolution of the CoRoT target stars. Task 2, still underway, aims at testing, comparing and optimising different seismic codes used to calculate the oscillations of models for different types of stars. The results already obtained are quite satisfactory, showing minor differences between the different numerical tools provided the same assumptions on the physical parameters are made. This work gives us confidence on the numerical tools that will be available to interpret the future CoRoT seismic data.Comment: To appear in: "The CoRoT Book", (Eds) F. Favata, A. Baglin & J. Lochard, ESA Publications Division, ESA S

Brucellosis Vaccines: Assessment of Brucella melitensis Lipopolysaccharide Rough Mutants Defective in Core and O-Polysaccharide Synthesis and Export

Background: The brucellae are facultative intracellular bacteria that cause brucellosis, one of the major neglected zoonoses. In endemic areas, vaccination is the only effective way to control this disease. Brucella melitensis Rev 1 is a vaccine effective against the brucellosis of sheep and goat caused by B. melitensis, the commonest source of human infection. However, Rev 1 carries a smooth lipopolysaccharide with an O-polysaccharide that elicits antibodies interfering in serodiagnosis, a major problem in eradication campaigns. Because of this, rough Brucella mutants lacking the O-polysaccharide have been proposed as vaccines. Methodology/Principal Findings: To examine the possibilities of rough vaccines, we screened B. melitensis for lipopolysaccharide genes and obtained mutants representing all main rough phenotypes with regard to core oligosaccharide and O-polysaccharide synthesis and export. Using the mouse model, mutants were classified into four attenuation patterns according to their multiplication and persistence in spleens at different doses. In macrophages, mutants belonging to three of these attenuation patterns reached the Brucella characteristic intracellular niche and multiplied intracellularly, suggesting that they could be suitable vaccine candidates. Virulence patterns, intracellular behavior and lipopolysaccharide defects roughly correlated with the degree of protection afforded by the mutants upon intraperitoneal vaccination of mice. However, when vaccination was applied by the subcutaneous route, only two mutants matched the protection obtained with Rev 1 albeit at doses one thousand fold higher than this reference vaccine. These mutants, which were blocked in O-polysaccharide export and accumulated internal O-polysaccharides, stimulated weak anti-smooth lipopolysaccharide antibodies. Conclusions/Significance: The results demonstrate that no rough mutant is equal to Rev 1 in laboratory models and question the notion that rough vaccines are suitable for the control of brucellosis in endemic areas.This work was funded by the European Commission (Research Contract QLK2-CT-2002-00918) and the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología of Spain (Proyecto AGL2004-01162/GAN)

Synthetic Plasmodium-Like Hemozoin Activates the Immune Response: A Morphology - Function Study

Increasing evidence points to an important role for hemozoin (HZ), the malaria pigment, in the immunopathology related to this infection. However, there is no consensus as to whether HZ exerts its immunostimulatory activity in absence of other parasite or host components. Contamination of native HZ preparations and the lack of a unified protocol to produce crystals that mimic those of Plasmodium HZ (PHZ) are major technical limitants when performing functional studies with HZ. In fact, the most commonly used methods generate a heterogeneous nanocrystalline material. Thus, it is likely that such aggregates do not resemble to PHZ and differ in their inflammatory properties. To address this issue, the present study was designed to establish whether synthetic HZ (sHZ) crystals produced by different methods vary in their morphology and in their ability to activate immune responses. We report a new method of HZ synthesis (the precise aqueous acid-catalyzed method) that yields homogeneous sHZ crystals (Plasmodium-like HZ) which are very similar to PHZ in their size and physicochemical properties. Importantly, these crystals are devoid of protein and DNA contamination. Of interest, structure-function studies revealed that the size and shape of the synthetic crystals influences their ability to activate inflammatory responses (e.g. nitric oxide, chemokine and cytokine mRNA) in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our data confirm that sHZ possesses immunostimulatory properties and underline the importance of verifying by electron microscopy both the morphology and homogeneity of the synthetic crystals to ensure that they closely resemble those of the parasite. Periodic quality control experiments and unification of the method of HZ synthesis are key steps to unravel the role of HZ in malaria immunopathology

A Novel Unstable Duplication Upstream of HAS2 Predisposes to a Breed-Defining Skin Phenotype and a Periodic Fever Syndrome in Chinese Shar-Pei Dogs

Hereditary periodic fever syndromes are characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and inflammation with no known pathogenic or autoimmune cause. In humans, several genes have been implicated in this group of diseases, but the majority of cases remain unexplained. A similar periodic fever syndrome is relatively frequent in the Chinese Shar-Pei breed of dogs. In the western world, Shar-Pei have been strongly selected for a distinctive thick and heavily folded skin. In this study, a mutation affecting both these traits was identified. Using genome-wide SNP analysis of Shar-Pei and other breeds, the strongest signal of a breed-specific selective sweep was located on chromosome 13. The same region also harbored the strongest genome-wide association (GWA) signal for susceptibility to the periodic fever syndrome (praw = 2.3×10−6, pgenome = 0.01). Dense targeted resequencing revealed two partially overlapping duplications, 14.3 Kb and 16.1 Kb in size, unique to Shar-Pei and upstream of the Hyaluronic Acid Synthase 2 (HAS2) gene. HAS2 encodes the rate-limiting enzyme synthesizing hyaluronan (HA), a major component of the skin. HA is up-regulated and accumulates in the thickened skin of Shar-Pei. A high copy number of the 16.1 Kb duplication was associated with an increased expression of HAS2 as well as the periodic fever syndrome (p<0.0001). When fragmented, HA can act as a trigger of the innate immune system and stimulate sterile fever and inflammation. The strong selection for the skin phenotype therefore appears to enrich for a pleiotropic mutation predisposing these dogs to a periodic fever syndrome. The identification of HA as a major risk factor for this canine disease raises the potential of this glycosaminoglycan as a risk factor for human periodic fevers and as an important driver of chronic inflammation