Measurement of prompt D0^{0} and D‾\overline{D}0^{0} meson azimuthal anisotropy and search for strong electric fields in PbPb collisions at root SNN\sqrt{S_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

The strong Coulomb field created in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions is expected to produce a rapiditydependent difference (Av2) in the second Fourier coefficient of the azimuthal distribution (elliptic flow, v2) between D0 (uc) and D0 (uc) mesons. Motivated by the search for evidence of this field, the CMS detector at the LHC is used to perform the first measurement of Av2. The rapidity-averaged value is found to be (Av2) = 0.001 ? 0.001 (stat)? 0.003 (syst) in PbPb collisions at ?sNN = 5.02 TeV. In addition, the influence of the collision geometry is explored by measuring the D0 and D0mesons v2 and triangular flow coefficient (v3) as functions of rapidity, transverse momentum (pT), and event centrality (a measure of the overlap of the two Pb nuclei). A clear centrality dependence of prompt D0 meson v2 values is observed, while the v3 is largely independent of centrality. These trends are consistent with expectations of flow driven by the initial-state geometry. ? 2021 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY licens

Observation of electroweak production of Wγ with two jets in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

A first observation is presented for the electroweak production of a W boson, a photon, and two jets in proton-proton collisions. The W boson decays are selected by requiring one identified electron or muon and an imbalance in transverse momentum. The two jets are required to have a high dijet mass and a large separation in pseudorapidity. The measurement is based on data collected with the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The observed (expected) significance for this process is 4.9 (4.6) standard deviations. After combining with previously reported CMS results at 8 TeV, the observed (expected) significance is 5.3 (4.8) standard deviations. The cross section for the electroweak W$_{γjj}$ production in a restricted fiducial region is measured as 20.4 +/- 4.5 fb and the total cross section for W$_{γ}$ production in association with 2 jets in the same fiducial region is 108 +/- 16 fb. All results are in good agreement with recent theoretical predictions. Constraints are placed on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in terms of dimension-8 effective field theory operators

Measurements of production cross sections of polarized same-sign W boson pairs in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV

The first measurements of production cross sections of polarized same-sign W±W±boson pairs in proton-proton collisions are reported. The measurements are based on a data sample collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137fb−1. Events are selected by requiring exactly two same-sign leptons, electrons or muons, moderate missing transverse momentum, and two jets with a large rapidity separation and a large dijet mass to enhance the contribution of same-sign W±W±scattering events. An observed (expected) 95% confidence level upper limit of 1.17 (0.88)fbis set on the production cross section for longitudinally polarized same-sign W±W±boson pairs. The electroweak production of same-sign W±W±boson pairs with at least one of the Wbosons longitudinally polarized is measured with an observed (expected) significance of 2.3 (3.1) standard deviations.SCOAP

An Improved Non-Inductive Impulse Voltage Measurement Technique for ZnO Surge Arresters

One of the most important parameters of the protective performance of ZnO surge arresters is the residual voltage. In laboratory tests on standard arresters, a thin ZnO disc with a central hole is used in order to pick up the voltage, and a system with a double shielding technique reduces outside effects. Comparative tests of voltage signals from this series divider with those from a conventional parallel connected divider show that inductive overshoot is avoide

Direct Voltage and Trapped Charge Effects on the Protective Characteristic of ZnO Surge Arresters

In AC power systems, under normal service conditions, surge arresters on isolated lines and cables can experience a direct voltage stress arising from trapped charges. If this is followed on reconnection by switching surges of reverse polarity, it can impose severe response requirements on the arresters. High-amplitude voltage reversal can also arise from restriking transients in circuit breakers. Direct voltage working stress with superimposed surges is also clearly present in HVDC systems. Despite this expected combination of direct voltage with superimposed surges, no analogous tests are specified in the relevant standards. New laboratory tests have been performed on ZnO surge arrester elements and arresters, where impulse voltages have been applied with and without the presence of pre-existing direct voltage or simulated trapped charge. These tests have been analysed to ascertain the effect of prestressing on the current growth and protective characteristic of the arrester. In the laboratory source, the line/cable system has been represented by an equivalent capacitance which has been previously charged from a direct voltage. A single-stage capacitor bank is triggered to provide a lightning impulse test current. For a given level of peak discharge current, a higher level of residual voltage is found to appear across an arrester when the polarity of the applied impulse opposes that of the trapped charge voltage. This effect is especially marked in the peak residual voltage under this combination. Initial results suggest that the effect increases with decreasing protection voltage leve