Antiaging effect of coffee silver-skin extract

Resumen del póster presentado al 11th International Symposium on the Maillard Reaction celebrado en Nancy (Francia) del 16 al 20 de septiembre de 2012.Peer Reviewe

Opportunistic infections in immunosuppressed patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: analysis by the Pharmachild Safety Adjudication Committee

Background To derive a list of opportunistic infections (OI) through the analysis of the juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients in the Pharmachild registry by an independent Safety Adjudication Committee (SAC). Methods The SAC (3 pediatric rheumatologists and 2 pediatric infectious disease specialists) elaborated and approved by consensus a provisional list of OI for use in JIA. Through a 5 step-procedure, all the severe and serious infections, classified as per MedDRA dictionary and retrieved in the Pharmachild registry, were evaluated by the SAC by answering six questions and adjudicated with the agreement of 3/5 specialists. A final evidence-based list of OI resulted by matching the adjudicated infections with the provisional list of OI. Results A total of 772 infectious events in 572 eligible patients, of which 335 serious/severe/very severe non-OI and 437 OI (any intensity/severity), according to the provisional list, were retrieved. Six hundred eighty-two of 772 (88.3%) were adjudicated as infections, of them 603/682 (88.4%) as common and 119/682 (17.4%) as OI by the SAC. Matching these 119 opportunistic events with the provisional list, 106 were confirmed by the SAC as OI, and among them infections by herpes viruses were the most frequent (68%), followed by tuberculosis (27.4%). The remaining events were divided in the groups of non-OI and possible/patient and/or pathogen-related OI. Conclusions We found a significant number of OI in JIA patients on immunosuppressive therapy. The proposed list of OI, created by consensus and validated in the Pharmachild cohort, could facilitate comparison among future pharmacovigilance studies

Espacio y territorios: razón, pasión e imaginarios

En este caleidoscopio de acercamientos hacia lo espacial y territorial, las visiones se mueven desde aquellas románticas y existencialistas, pasando por aquellas objetivistas y positivistas, hasta las estructuralistas y postestructuralistas. Por el espacio y el territorio se interesan con enfoques diversos numerosas disciplinas, desde la psicología, la etología o la literatura, y las ciencias naturales como la biología o la ecología, hasta las ciencias sociales y políticas, como la geografía, la antropología, la economía y la sociología. Este interés multidisciplinario demuestra la importancia y la complejidad del tema espacial y territorial, y reclama la necesidad de su estudio y comprensión interdisciplinarios, como se intenta con esta publicación

New knowledge on the antiglycoxidative mechanism of chlorogenic acid

The role of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) (glycoxidation reaction) was studied. Model systems composed of bovine serum albumin (BSA) (1 mg mL−1) and methylglyoxal (5 mM) under mimicked physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37 °C) were used to evaluate the antiglycoxidative effect of CGA (10 mM). The stability of CGA under reaction conditions was assayed by HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS. The glycoxidation reaction was estimated by analysis of free amino groups by the OPA assay, spectral analysis of fluorescent AGEs and total AGEs by ELISA, and colour formation by absorbance at 420 nm. Structural changes in protein were evaluated by analysis of phenol bound to the protein backbone using the Folin reaction, UV-Vis spectral analysis and MALDI-TOF-MS, while changes in protein function were measured by determining the antioxidant capacity using the ABTS radical cation decolourisation assay. CGA was isomerised and oxidised under our experimental conditions. Evidence of binding between BSA and multiple CGA and/or its derivative molecules (isomers and oxidation products) was found. CGA inhibited (p < 0.05) the formation of fluorescent and total AGEs at 72 h of reaction by 91.2 and 69.7%, respectively. The binding of phenols to BSA significantly increased (p < 0.001) its antioxidant capacity. Correlations between free amino group content, phenol bound to protein and antioxidant capacity were found. Results indicate that CGA simultaneously inhibits the formation of potentially harmful compounds (AGEs) and promotes the generation of neoantioxidant structures.This study was funded by the projects AGL2010-17779 and IT2009-0087. B. Fernandez-Gomez is grateful for a FPI-predoc grant from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain).Peer Reviewe

Estudio in vivo del efecto antiglicante de los compuestos del café

Póster presentado a la XVII Reunión de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición, celebrada en Santiago de Compostela del 3 al 5 de Noviembre 2016Estudios previos in vitro han demostrado el carácter antiglicante del café y de su principal componente fenólico: ácido clorogénico (ACG). Sin embargo, no existen datos de su efecto antiglicante in vivo. El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar el efecto antiglicante del café verde, café tostado y ACG en un modelo animal de diabetes tipo 2. Treinta y dos ratas obesas (Zucker-Lepr fa/fa: ZF/Gmi -/-) fueron divididas en cuatro grupos (n=6-8) y tratadas con: 1 ml de agua (control), 10 mg ACG /kg peso corporal/día (ACG), extracto de café verde conteniendo 10 mg ACG /kg peso corporal/día (CV), y extracto de café tostado conteniendo 10 mg ACG/kg peso corporal/día (CT). Además, se incluyó un grupo de ratas delgadas no diabéticas (ZF/Gmi +/+) (n=6) que recibieron 1 ml de agua. La dosis se administró disuelta en 1 ml de agua, mediante una sonda nasofaríngea durante 4 semanas. Se determinaron los niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) en sangre y fructosamina en plasma mediante ensayos colorimétricos y los niveles plasmáticos de compuestos avanzados de la glicación (AGEs) mediante ELISA. Los cambios estructurales de las proteínas plasmáticas tras la administración de los tratamientos se evaluaron mediante electroforesis en dos dimensiones y MALDI-TOF. La suplementación de los animales diabéticos con ACG, CV y CT disminuyó significativamente (p 0.1) en los niveles de fructosamina y AGEs después del tratamiento con ACG, CV y CT. Sin embargo, el proteoma de los animales diabéticos tratados muestra menos oxidaciones de los grupos amino y glicaciones en las proteínas del plasma al igual que el grupo delgado no diabético. Los resultados demuestran un efecto antiglicante in vivo de los dos extractos del café y del ACG.El equipo de investigación agradece a la Fundación Española de Nutrición y a la Federación Española de Café por la concesión de la II Beca Café, Salud y Nutrición y al proyecto ALIBIRD-CM S2009/AGR-1469.Peer Reviewe

Unexpected relevant role of gene mosaicism in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases

BACKGROUND: Postzygotic de novo mutations lead to the phenomenon of gene mosaicism. The 3 main types are called somatic, gonadal, and gonosomal mosaicism, which differ in terms of the body distribution of postzygotic mutations. Mosaicism has been reported occasionally in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) since the early 1990s, but its real involvement has not been systematically addressed. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the incidence of gene mosaicism in patients with PIDs. METHODS: The amplicon-based deep sequencing method was used in the 3 parts of the study that establish (1) the allele frequency of germline variants (n = 100), (2) the incidence of parental gonosomal mosaicism in families with PIDs with de novo mutations (n = 92), and (3) the incidence of mosaicism in families with PIDs with moderate-to-high suspicion of gene mosaicism (n = 36). Additional investigations evaluated body distribution of postzygotic mutations, their stability over time, and their characteristics. RESULTS: The range of allele frequency (44.1% to 55.6%) was established for germline variants. Those with minor allele frequencies of less than 44.1% were assumed to be postzygotic. Mosaicism was detected in 30 (23.4%) of 128 families with PIDs, with a variable minor allele frequency (0.8% to 40.5%). Parental gonosomal mosaicism was detected in 6 (6.5%) of 92 families with de novo mutations, and a high incidence of mosaicism (63.9%) was detected among families with moderate-to-high suspicion of gene mosaicism. In most analyzed cases mosaicism was found to be both uniformly distributed and stable over time. CONCLUSION: This study represents the largest performed to date to investigate mosaicism in patients with PIDs, revealing that it affects approximately 25% of enrolled families. Our results might have serious consequences regarding treatment and genetic counseling and reinforce the use of next-generation sequencing-based methods in the routine analyses of PIDs