Commercial potential of remote sensing data from the Earth observing system

The purpose was to assess the market potential of remote sensing value-added products from the Earth Observing System (EOS) platform. Sensors on the EOS platform were evaluated to determine which qualities and capabilities could be useful to the commercial user. The approach was to investigate past and future satellite data distribution programs. A questionnaire was developed for use in a telephone survey. Based on the results of the survey of companies that add value to remotely sensed data, conversations with the principal investigators in charge of each EOS sensor, a study of past commercial satellite data ventures, and reading from the commercial remote sensing industry literature, three recommendations were developed: develop a strategic plan for commercialization of EOS data, define a procedure for commercial users within the EOS data stream, and develop an Earth Observations Commercial Applications Program-like demonstration program within NASA using EOS simulated data

Islands of Grounded Ice

In August 1972, the U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker Burton Island confirmed the existence of a large ice formation located at about 160 km northwest of Point Barrow, which had first been observed by 1971 satellite imagery of the U.S. National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA-1). Visual observations made from a distance indicated that the relief of the ice formation, which appeared to rise as much as nine meters above the sea, was highly irregular. Although it was at first described as a large hummock field of pressured sea ice, news quickly spread that it was a large piece of tabular shelf ice, i.e., an "ice island." ... With the launching into orbit of the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS-1) in July 1972, there became available for the first time multi-spectral imagery of sufficiently high resolution to allow detailed sea ice studies to be performed. Through the sequential imagery provided by the satellite during its passage over the High Arctic, measurements could be made of the deformation and drift of the ice pack and a continuous observation kept on the formation and break up of fast ice along the Alaska coast. The discovery of the "ice island," together with the availability of satellite imagery, thus provided a unique opportunity to locate and monitor the movement of a specific ice feature for an extended period of time. ... This report serve the demonstrate the usefulness of ERTS-1 imagery for the location of islands of grounded ice, and for observing the growth and decay of these features with time. Through the imagery there has also been revealed a possible error on bathymetric charts for the location of two shoals in the southern Chukchi Sea. ..

Impacts of Remotely Sensed Land Use Data on Watershed Hydrologic Change Assessment

Urbanization affects the stream system of a watershed. Increased urbanization alters the land cover and surface characteristics, the stream channel characteristics, and pollutant load of a stream system by increasing the amount of impervious surface. Once rural, forest, or wetland areas are changed to streets, highways, parking lots, sidewalks, and building rooftops. This results in large volumes of runoff being generated for an intense storm over a relatively short time period. As a result, sensitive ecosystems are likely to be damaged by increased urbanization. Projecting the impact of land use changes on a watershed scale often requires the use of remote sensing data to derive the required inputs on land cover and the related amount of impervious surface. Such forecasts are then used to devise alternative land use and stormwater control policies. One critical question that arises then is the impact of land use/land cover (LULC) mapping error on the resulting hydrologic model projections. In this research, we developed a methodology to assess those impacts. The Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model was used to estimate the peak hydrograph for a baseline land use condition and then used to estimate the impact of LULC mapping accuracy levels on those forecasts. The Big Darby Creek Watershed located near Columbus, Ohio, which is experiencing increased urbanization, was selected to map LULC, calibrate a hydrologic model, and assess the hydrologic change due to LULC mapping error. The resulting analysis showed that modest changes in land cover classification did not produce significant impacts on the hydrologic modeling results in rural basins. However, the hydrologic changes are noticeable in urbanizing watersheds. The framework developed in this paper can be used for future modeling efforts to understand the hydrological impact of LULC change in a watershed at a large scale

Prospectus, April 18, 1984

CHORAL UNION DEMANDING AND REWARDING; News Digest; Is your child part of the identi-child program?; Budding playwrights get chance to have work produced; PC Happenings: Parkland wins Automotive Contest, German Club annual Springfest, EMT workshop offered, Petitions available for Stu-Go, Stu-Go lacks quorum; Here Comes the Easter Bunny (or the Easter Hare?); Faces We Make; Former Prospectus entertainment writer: Alender services held; Strange things at the library; Only Food Service Management course in area: Sutton leads Food Service Management program; Criminal justice program well rounded; Running may increase protein need; Easter means Easter egg time; Second Wind hosts race; Did You Know...; Classifieds; Creative Corner...Especially for you!!: Recollections, She\u27s More than a Nurse, You are a corn-fed steak..., Memories..., A fire burns, AKTING??????????????..., Sometimes in their heed to tact..., Clouds, Disturb Not the Dead, Follow the Wind, I don\u27t know why I bother..., Innoncent Eyes, Please tell me what it is you want..., Running scared from yourself and tripped, babe..., Time Bomb, Don\u27t go away--Linger on..., Class, Raggedy Ann lay in the back of an old station wagon..., Too Late, To God; Ice Capades comes to town: Skaters say it\u27s hard work but well worth it; few surprises during Hollywood\u27s biggest night; \u27Queen\u27 film at Assembly Hall; Director shines in film; \u27Go-Go\u27s\u27 are back on track; \u27Weird Al\u27 hits big time; Fan Club to host film; Parkland College 1984 baseball roster; Cobra men lose two; 1984 Parkland Outdoor Track Bests; Sports Digest; Women lose twin bill; Prospectus survey resultshttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1984/1024/thumbnail.jp

Development of the Migrant Friendly Maternity Care Questionnaire (MFMCQ) for migrants to Western societies: an international Delphi consensus process

Background Through the World Health Assembly Resolution, ‘Health of Migrants’, the international community has identified migrant health as a priority. Recommendations for general hospital care for international migrants in receiving-countries have been put forward by the Migrant Friendly Hospital Initiative; adaptations of these recommendations specific to maternity care have yet to be elucidated and validated. We aimed to develop a questionnaire measuring migrant-friendly maternity care (MFMC) which could be used in a range of maternity care settings and countries. Methods This study was conducted in four stages. First, questions related to migrant friendly maternity care were identified from existing questionnaires including the Migrant Friendliness Quality Questionnaire, developed in Europe to capture recommended general hospital care for migrants, and the Mothers In a New Country (MINC) Questionnaire, developed in Australia and revised for use in Canada to capture the maternity care experiences of migrant women, and combined to create an initial MFMC questionnaire. Second, a Delphi consensus process in three rounds with a panel of 89 experts in perinatal health and migration from 17 countries was undertaken to identify priority themes and questions as well as to clarify wording and format. Third, the draft questionnaire was translated from English to French and Spanish and back-translated and subsequently culturally validated (assessed for cultural appropriateness) by migrant women. Fourth, the questionnaire was piloted with migrant women who had recently given birth in Montreal, Canada. Results A 112-item questionnaire on maternity care from pregnancy, through labour and birth, to postpartum care, and including items on maternal socio-demographic, migration and obstetrical characteristics, and perceptions of care, has been created - the Migrant Friendly Maternity Care Questionnaire (MFMCQ) – in three languages (English, French and Spanish). It is completed in 45 minutes via interview administration several months post-birth. Conclusions A 4-stage process of questionnaire development with international experts in migrant reproductive health and research resulted in the MFMCQ, a questionnaire measuring key aspects of migrant-sensitive maternity care. The MFMCQ is available for further translation and use to examine and compare care and perceptions of care within and across countries, and by key socio-demographic, migration, and obstetrical characteristics of migrant women