Lääkealan perustutkinnon apteekkialan koulutusohjelman suorittaneiden mielipiteitä koulutuksestaan

Apteekkifarmasian erikoistumisopinnot proviisoreille, PD ProjektityöApteekin tekninen henkilökunta on farmaseuttisen henkilöstön vahva taustatuki, joka huolehtii osaltaan apteekin toiminnan sujuvuudesta. Lääkealan perustutkinto laajeni vuonna 2001 120 opintoviikon pituiseksi ja tutkintonimikkeeksi tuli lääketyöntekijän sijasta farmanomi. Vuonna 2004 lääkealan perustutkinnon apteekkialan koulutusohjelman tutkintonimikkeeksi tuli lääketeknikko. Apteekkialan koulutusohjelmaan ennen asetuksen voimaantuloa otetut opiskelijat voivat valita tutkintonimikkeekseen farmanomin tai lääketeknikon. Lääketeknikkokoulutus on lääkehuollon toisen asteen tutkinto ja sitä järjestää Suomessa viisi eri oppilaitosta. Tämän projektityön tarkoituksena oli survey- eli kyselytutkimuksella selvittää lääkealan perustutkinnon apteekkialan koulutusohjelman suorittaneiden mielipiteitä koulutuksen työelämävastaavuudesta. Kyselyllä selvitettiin myös lääketeknikkojen ja farmanomien taustatietoja sekä tutkinnon suorittamisen jälkeisiä suunnitelmia. Kysely lähetettiin 73:lle vuosina 2004 ja 2005 Helsingin sosiaali-ja terveysalan oppilaitoksen ja Savon ammmatti-ja aikuisopiston apteekkialan koulutusohjelmasta valmistuneelle lääketeknikolle tai farmanomille. Tulokset käsiteltiin Excell-taulukkolaskentaohjelmaa apuna käyttäen. Kyselylomakkeen palautti 40 lääketeknikkoa tai farmanomia, jolloin vastausprosentti oli 54,8 %. Suurin osa eli 85 % kyselyyn vastannaista lääketeknikoista tai farmanomeista oli valmistunut Helsingin sosiaali- ja terveysalan oppilaitoksesta ja 15 % oli valmistunut Savon ammatti- ja aikuisopistosta. Ammatillista toimintaa, lääkkeiden vastaanottoa ja identifiointia, lääkkeiden varastointia, tietotekniikan käyttöä sekä logistiikkaa pidettiin erittäin tärkeinä lääketeknikkona työskentelyn kannalta. Projektityöskentelyä pidettiin vähiten tärkeänä lääketeknikkona työskentelyn kannalta. Salassapitomääräysten noudattaminen ja tuotetoimitusten vastaanottaminen ja tarkastaminen vastasivat erittäin hyvin lääketeknikon työtehtäviä apteekissa. Palkanlaskenta ja kuukausitilitysten hoitaminen, työvuorolistojen laatiminen sekä apteekin markkinoinnin suunnittelu ja toteuttaminen vastasivat vähiten lääketeknikon työtehtäviä apteekissa. Lääketeknikot lisäisivät koulutusohjelmaansa lähinnä laskutusta, reseptinkäsittelyä ja pankkiohjelmien käyttöä. 65 % lääketeknikoista tai farmanomeista työskenteli kyselyhetkellä apteekissa ja 32, 4 % opiskeli kyselyhetkellä farmaseuttikurssilla. Kysely osoitti, että lääkealan perustutkinnon apteekkialan koulutusohjelmalle on selkeää tarvetta

Multidisciplinary students’ self-evaluated competence at the beginning of studies in digital health and social care service specialisation education

Digital transformation in health and social care is a fast-growing sector globally. Multidisciplinary professionals are needed in the development of digital health and social care services. This study aimed to evaluate the self-assessments of students participating in specialisation education on the importance of multidisciplinary digital competences, focusing on competence in the digitalisation of social and health care and how they assess their own competences at the beginning of their education. The purpose was to describe the multidisciplinary competences in this area at EQF level 6 by using a self-assessment tool. Data were collected from 274 specialised education students in the years 2021 and 2022 from 14 universities of applied sciences. The background information included participants’ years of work experience, professional education area and study credits. There were nine competence areas. The survey contains 61 Likert scale questions. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.962 (N=126). The paired t-test was used for statistical analyses to determine the relationship between the importance of a competence and students’ current levels of competence. For each pair, the arithmetic mean for the how important variable was higher than the current competence variable. The average means of all competences’ differences was 1.04 between how important the competence was to the students and their current understanding of their own level of the particular competence. Service design competences have both the highest average level of student competence and variance in competence. The second-largest variance was in online guiding competences, which is one of the clearest competences for students to understand the content. These results may be explained by expert bias, where a person with a lot of knowledge rates their own level of knowledge lower, while a person with less knowledge does the opposite. The gap between current competence level and the assessed importance of the particular competence shows that there is a need for specialisation education in multidisciplinary competences for developing digital health and social care services. The overall result is a self-assessment tool that can be used to assess the level of competences in different competence areas in specialisation education. It is important for health and social care organisations to manage the competences and continuing education of their professionals

Chelidonium majus L. incorporated emulsion electrospun PCL/PVA_PEC nanofibrous meshes for antibacterial wound dressing applications

Presently, there are many different types of wound dressings available on the market. Nonetheless, there is still a great interest to improve the performance and efficiency of these materials. Concerning that, new dressing materials containing natural products, such as medicinal plants that protect the wound from infections but also enhance skin regeneration have been or are being developed. Herein, we used for the first time a needleless emulsion electrospinning technique for incorporating Chelidoniummajus L. (C. majus), a medicinal plant widely known for its traditional therapeutic properties, in Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)_Pectin (PEC) nanofibrous meshes. Moreover, the potential use of these electrospun nanofibers as a carrier for C. majus was also explored. The results obtained revealed that the produced PCL/PVA_PEC nanofibrous meshes containing C. majus extract displayed morphological characteristics similar to the natural extracellular matrix of the skin (ECM). Furthermore, the produced meshes showed beneficial properties to support the healing process. Additionally, the C. majus-loaded PCL/PVA_PEC nanofibrous meshes inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) growth, reaching a 3.82 Log reduction, and showed to be useful for controlled release, without causing any cytotoxic effect on the normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) cells. Hence, these findings suggest the promising suitability of this novel wound dressing material for prevention and treatment of bacterial wound infections.The authors are also grateful for the funding support given by FibEnTech Research Unit (Project UIDB/00195/2020). Cláudia Mouro acknowledges a PhD fellowship from the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) (PD/BD/113550/2015)

Response of Deep Subsurface Microbial Community to Different Carbon Sources and Electron Acceptors during similar to 2 months Incubation in Microcosms

Acetate plays a key role as electron donor and acceptor and serves as carbon source in oligotrophic deep subsurface environments. It can be produced from inorganic carbon by acetogenic microbes or through breakdown of more complex organic matter. Acetate is an important molecule for sulfate reducers that are substantially present in several deep bedrock environments. Aceticlastic methanogens use acetate as an electron donor and/or a carbon source. The goal of this study was to shed light on carbon cycling and competition in microbial communities in fracture fluids of Finnish crystalline bedrock groundwater system. Fracture fluid was anaerobically collected from a fracture zone at 967 m depth of the Outokumpu Deep Drill Hole and amended with acetate, acetate + sulfate, sulfate only or left unamended as a control and incubated up to 68 days. The headspace atmosphere of microcosms consisted of 80% hydrogen and 20% CO2. We studied the changes in the microbial communities with community fingerprinting technique as well as high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The amended microcosms hosted more diverse bacterial communities compared to the intrinsic fracture zone community and the control treatment without amendments. The majority of the bacterial populations enriched with acetate belonged to clostridial hydrogenotrophic thiosulfate reducers and Alphaproteobacteria affiliating with groups earlier found from subsurface and groundwater environments. We detected a slight increase in the number of sulfate reducers after the 68 days of incubation. The microbial community changed significantly during the experiment, but increase in specifically acetate-cycling microbial groups was not observed.Peer reviewe

Rapid Reactivation of Deep Subsurface Microbes in the Presence of C-1 Compounds

Microorganisms in the deep biosphere are believed to conduct little metabolic activity due to low nutrient availability in these environments. However, destructive penetration to long-isolated bedrock environments during construction of underground waste repositories can lead to increased nutrient availability and potentially affect the long-term stability of the repository systems, Here, we studied how microorganisms present in fracture fluid from a depth of 500 m in Outokumpu, Finland, respond to simple carbon compounds (C-1 compounds) in the presence or absence of sulphate as an electron acceptor. C-1 compounds such as methane and methanol are important intermediates in the deep subsurface carbon cycle, and electron acceptors such as sulphate are critical components of oxidation processes. Fracture fluid samples were incubated in vitro with either methane or methanol in the presence or absence of sulphate as an electron acceptor. Metabolic response was measured by staining the microbial cells with fluorescent dyes that indicate metabolic activity and transcriptional response with RT-qPCR. Our results show that deep subsurface microbes exist in dormant states but rapidly reactivate their transcription and respiration systems in the presence of C-1 substrates, particularly methane. Microbial activity was further enhanced by the addition of sulphate as an electron acceptor. Sulphate- and nitrate-reducing microbes were particularly responsive to the addition of C-1 compounds and sulphate. These taxa are common in deep biosphere environments and may be affected by conditions disturbed by bedrock intrusion, as from drilling and excavation for long-term storage of hazardous waste.Peer reviewe

Decreased natural organic matter in water distribution decreases nitrite formation in non-disinfected conditions, via enhanced nitrite oxidation

Nitrite in drinking water is a potentially harmful substance for humans, and controlling nitrite formation in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) is highly important. The effect of natural organic matter (NOM) on the formation of nitrite in simulated distribution systems was studied. The objective was to inspect how a reduced NOM concentration affected nitrite development via nitrification, separated from the effects of disinfection. We observed that nitrite formation was noticeably sensitive to the changes in the NOM concentrations. Nitrite declined with reduced NOM (TOC 1.0 mg L-1) but increased with the normal NOM concentration of tap water (TOC 1.6 mg L-1). Ammonium oxidation was not altered by the reduced NOM, however, nitrite oxidation was enhanced significantly according to the pseudo-first order reaction rate model interpretation. The enhanced nitrite oxidation was observed with both ammonium and nitrite as the initial nitrogen source. The theoretical maximum nitrite concentrations were higher with the normal concentration of NOM than with reduced NOM. The results suggest that the role of nitrite oxidation may be quite important in nitrite formation in DWDSs and worth further studies. As a practical result, our study supported enhanced NOM removal in non-disinfected DWDSs.Maa- ja vesitekniikan tuki ry. 33297 35211 39066

Kuuluva lapsi - kohti vammaisen lapsen osallisuutta palveluissa

Osallisuudessa on kyse yksilön mahdollisuuksista vaikuttaa itselle tärkeissä asioissa ja toimia omissa arjen ympäristöissä. Lasten osallisuuteen vaikuttaa vallalla oleva lapsikäsitys. Lasten aidon osallisuuden ja toimijuuden toteutumiseksi tarvitaan tietoa lasten näkökulmista ja ajatuksista sekä lapselle luontaisista tavoista toimia. Tämä edellyttää lasten parissa toimivilta aikuisilta herkkyyttä kuulla lasta. Myös vammaisella lapsella oikeus olla oman elämänsä päähenkilö eli hänen pitäisi voida vaikuttaa kaikkiin itseään koskeviin päätöksiin. Aikuisilta vaaditaan monenlaisia kommunikaatiotaitoja, että vammainen lapsi voisi tulla kuulluksi

Kuuluva lapsi - kohti vammaisen lapsen osallisuutta palveluissa

Osallisuudessa on kyse yksilön mahdollisuuksista vaikuttaa itselle tärkeissä asioissa ja toimia omissa arjen ympäristöissä. Lasten osallisuuteen vaikuttaa vallalla oleva lapsikäsitys. Lasten aidon osallisuuden ja toimijuuden toteutumiseksi tarvitaan tietoa lasten näkökulmista ja ajatuksista sekä lapselle luontaisista tavoista toimia. Tämä edellyttää lasten parissa toimivilta aikuisilta herkkyyttä kuulla lasta. Myös vammaisella lapsella oikeus olla oman elämänsä päähenkilö eli hänen pitäisi voida vaikuttaa kaikkiin itseään koskeviin päätöksiin. Aikuisilta vaaditaan monenlaisia kommunikaatiotaitoja, että vammainen lapsi voisi tulla kuulluksi.</p

Clinical and Genetic Findings in 28 American Cocker Spaniels with Aural Ceruminous Gland Hyperplasia and Ectasia

American Cocker Spaniels (ACSs) develop aural ceruminous gland hyperplasia and ectasia more often than dogs of other breeds. Data on the cause and development of these breed characteristic histopathological changes are lacking. We performed video-otoscopic examinations and dermatological work-up on 28 ACSs, obtained aural biopsies from each dog and assessed the statistical associations between the presence of ceruminous gland hyperplasia and ectasia and disease history, clinical or microbiological findings and underlying cause of otitis externa (OE). Histological lesions of ceruminous gland hyperplasia and ectasia were observed in aural biopsies from 6/13 clinically healthy ears and 13/15 ears with OE from 19/28 examined dogs. Nine of 28 dogs had histologically normal ceruminous glands (odds ratio [OR] 6.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-36.6). Bacterial growth in microbiological culture of aural exudate (OR 14.1, 95% CI 2.1-95.3) was associated with ceruminous glandular changes, whereas previous history of OE, cutaneous findings or underlying allergies were not. Pedigree analysis and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) were performed on 18 affected and eight unaffected dogs based on histopathological diagnosis. While the GWAS indicated a tentative, but not statistically significant, association of ceruminous gland hyperplasia and ectasia with chromosome 31, a larger cohort is needed to confirm this preliminary result. Based on our results, ceruminous gland hyperplasia and ectasia may also precede clinical signs of OE in ACSs and a genetic aetiological component is likely Further studies with larger cohorts are warranted to verify our preliminary results. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe