Comorbidades em Idosos Vivendo com HIV/Aids

Objective: To identify the clinical and epidemiological profile of older people living with HIV/Aids.Materials and methods: This was an observational, documentary, cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive and analytical study, conducted from clinical records of the Specialized Attention Service.Results: The study included 64 elderly, of which 53% (34) were men and 47% (30) were women, 81% (52) had completed or less than complete elementary school, 67,18% (43) had TCD4 lymphocytes ≥ 350 cells/mm³, 81% (52) had viral load ≤ 40 copies/mL, 97% (62) were infected by heterosexual relationship and 84,5% (54) had at least one comorbidity. Cachexia (48%), anemia (35%), smoking (31,5%) and systemic arterial hypertension (18,5%) were the most common noncommunicable diseases. Oral candidiasis (55,55%) was the opportunistic diseases with higher incidence in the elderly participants of the study. Conclusion: The presence of comorbidities and opportunistic infections should be investigated among elderly with HIV to ensure support and better care for these individuals.Objetivo: Identificar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de idosos que vivem com HIV/Aids.Materiais e Métodos: Estudo observacional, documental, transversal, prospectivo, descritivo e analítico, realizado a partir de prontuários clínicos de um Serviço de Atenção Especializada.Resultados: O estudo incluiu 64 idosos, dos quais, 53% (34) eram homens e 47% (30) eram mulheres, 81% (52) possuíam escolaridade igual ou inferior a ensino fundamental completo, 67% (43) apresentaram linfócitos TCD4 ≥ 350 células/mm³, 81% (52) tinham carga viral ≤ 40 cópias/mL, 974% (62) foram infectados por relação heterossexual e 84,5% (54) apresentaram pelo menos uma comorbidade. As comorbidades mais incidentes foram caquexia (48%), anemia (35%), tabagismo (31,5%) e hipertensão arterial sistêmica (18,5%) foram as doenças não transmissíveis mais incidentes. A candidíase oral (55,5%) foi a infecção oportunistas com maior incidência nos idosos participantes do estudo.Conclusão: A presença de comorbidades e infecções oportunistas deve ser investigada entre idosos com HIV para garantir suporte e melhores cuidados a estes indivíduos.

Comportamento temporal da umidade do solo sob Caatinga e solo descoberto na Bacia Experimental do Jatobá, Pernambuco

This study aimed to investigate the behavior of soil water content under two surface conditions,‘Caatinga’ and bare soil, in two experimental plots located in Experimental Basin of Jatobá, in the municipalityof Pesqueira, semiarid region in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Soil moisture data were collected by a neutronprobe device. In the study of soil moisture it was verified that there was variation in soil moisture content for thetwo surface conditions between dry and rainy periods. Evapotranspiration enhanced the soil moisture decreasefor the natural cover condition in the dry season, reducing to values below the soil moisture in bare soil condition.Soil moisture is not recovered when the first events of rain occur subsequent to the period of severe drought. Inthe rainy season the soil moisture condition in the natural cover appears higher than in the bare soil.O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o comportamento do conteúdo da água no solo sobduas condições de superfície, caatinga e solo descoberto, em duas parcelas experimentais localizadas na BaciaExperimental do Jatobá, no município de Pesqueira, semiárido pernambucano. Os dados de umidade foramcoletados a partir de sonda de nêutrons. No estudo de umidade do solo percebeu-se variação da umidade do solopara as duas condições de superfície entre os períodos secos e chuvosos e que a evapotranspiração favoreceu odecréscimo da umidade do solo na condição de cobertura natural no período de estiagem, tornando tais valoresinferiores à umidade do solo na condição de solo descoberto. Verificou-se que a umidade do solo não é recuperadaquando ocorrem as primeiras chuvas subsequentes ao período de estiagem rigoroso; já no período chuvoso aumidade do solo na condição de cobertura natural aparece superior à umidade na condição de solo descoberto

Ciclagem de nutrientes em diferentes condições topográficas em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, Pinheiral-RJ

In forest ecosystems the dynamics of burlap is related to the plant typology and to the climatic conditions of environments, which are influenced by the topographic heterogeneity of the landscape. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether different relief conditions (convex and concave pedoforms) alter the burlap dynamics in a semi-deciduous seasonal forest in the sub-basin of Cachimbal, Pinheiral – RJ state. Two adjacent landforms with relief convex type (convex-divergent) and concave (concave-convergent) were selected, and these ones were divided into mini sites (MS) I, II, and III in the convex landform and IV, V and VI in the concave landform. The stock and the decomposition of the burlap in two seasons (rainy and dry) were rated in different environments. To evaluate the stock, ten samples of litter from each MS were collected using a square template with 25-cm side. To evaluate the burlap decomposition rate, 10 g of leaves were selected, which were placed in litterbags, installed in the field and collected at different time intervals. Litter stock and nutrient contents were influenced by the pedoform type, topographic gradient variation and season, larger stocks were observed in convex pedoform in dry season and higher K + and Mg + 2 contents. in the lower pedoform MS. On the other hand, the carbon contents were influenced only by the season of the year like higher contents in the rainy season. The decomposition of burlap forming material occurs differently depending on the landform, topographic gradient and on the season, where the highest values were observed in the convex landform and in the rainy season.Nos ecossistemas florestais, a dinâmica da serapilheira está relacionada à tipologia vegetal e as condições climáticas dos ambientes, as quais são influenciadas pela heterogeneidade topográfica da paisagem. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se diferentes condições de relevo (pedoformas convexa e côncava) alteram a dinâmica da serapilheira em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual na sub-bacia do ribeirão Cachimbal, Pinheiral-RJ. Foram selecionadas duas pedoformas adjacentes com relevo do tipo convexa (convexa-divergente) e côncava (côncava-convergente), sendo essas divididas em minissítios (MS) I, II, e III na pedoforma convexa e IV, V e VI na pedoforma côncava. Nos diferentes ambientes foram avaliados o estoque e a decomposição da serapilheira em duas estações do ano (chuvosa e seca). Para avaliar o estoque foram coletadas dez amostras de serapilheira de cada um dos MS, utilizando um gabarito quadrado com 25 cm de lado. Para avaliar a taxa de decomposição da serapilheira, foram selecionadas 10 g de folhas, as quais foram acondicionadas em litterbags, instalados no campo e coletadas em diferentes intervalos de tempo. O estoque e os teores de nutrientes da serapilheira foram influenciados em função do tipo da pedoforma, variação do gradiente topográfico e estação do ano, maiores estoques foram observados na pedoforma convexa, em estação seca e os maiores teores de K+ e Mg+2 foram observados nos MS inferiores das pedoformas. Por outro lado, os teores de carbono foram influenciados apenas pela estação do ano como maiores teores na estação chuvosa. A decomposição da serapilheira ocorre de maneira diferenciada em função da pedoforma, do gradiente topográfico e da estação do ano, cujos maiores valores foram observados na pedoforma convexa e na estação chuvosa

Development and clinical application of hydrogel formulations containing papain and urea for wound healing

Hydrogels are used for wound treatment, as they may contain one or more active components and protect the wound bed. Papain is one of the active substances that have been used with this purpose, alongside urea. In this paper, carboxypolymethylene hydrogels containing papain (2% and 10% concentrations) and urea (5% concentration) were produced. Physical-chemical stability was performed at 0, 7, 15 and 30 days at 2-8ºC, 25ºC and 40ºC, as well as the rheological aspects and proteolytic activity of papain by gel electrophoresis. Clinical efficacy of the formulations in patients with lower limb ulcers was also evaluated in a prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blind and comparative clinical trial. The results showed 7-day stability for the formulations under 25ºC, in addition to approximately 100% and 15% of protein activity for 10% and 2% papain hydrogel, respectively. The rheological profile was non-Newtonian for the 10% papain hydrogel tested. There were no significant differences regarding the mean time for healing of the lesions, although 10% papain presented a better approach to be used in all types of tissue present in the wound bed

Action of cyanogenic substances and magnetic field in the reduction of neoplasms: An integrative literature review

Cancer treatment has been constantly improved to cause the least possible harm to the patient. New therapies are being researched, many of them having as object of scientific-academic and pharmacological research the use of cyanogenic plants and their antitumor chemical compounds that can bring benefits to human health, having the potential to be associated with the magnetic Field and thus achieve a better benefit and with reduced adverse effects in cancer treatment. This study aimed to review the effect of cyanogenic substances and magnetic Field on tumor evolution in the literature. The integrative review of the literature was carried out in the databases EMBASE, PUBMED, LILACS, VHL, SCOPUS and MEDLINE. A final sample of 14 scientific articles, published from 2011 to 2020, was obtained, highlighting that cyanogenic substances and the magnetic Field can help reduce tumors. The most common studies were on the magnetic Field, and the studies were carried out mainly in vitro, with a frequency of 50 Hz that stood out from the others. Among the cyanogenic substances, the most prevalent was tonsillin, with the most used dosage of 10mg / ml. It was possible to conclude that both the magnetic Field and cyanogenic substances can reduce tumors

Recruitment, training and supervision of nurses and nurse assistants for a task-shifting depression intervention in two RCTs in Brazil and Peru.

BACKGROUND: Task-shifting and technology in psychological interventions are two solutions to increasing access to mental health intervention and overcoming the treatment gap in low and middle-income countries. The CONEMO intervention combines a smartphone app with support from non-specialized professionals, aiming to treat depression in patients with diabetes and/or hypertension. The aim of this paper is to describe the process of recruitment, training and supervision of the non-specialized professionals who participated in the CONEMO task-shifting intervention in Brazil and Peru. METHODS: We described and analyzed data related to the recruitment, training and supervision of 62 nurse assistants from the health system in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and three hired nurses in Lima, Peru. The data were collected from information provided by nurses and nurse assistants, supervisor records from supervision meetings and the CONEMO platform database. RESULTS: We found that task-shifting was feasible using existing resources in Sao Paulo and additional human resources in Lima. Training and supervision were found to be crucial and well received by the staff; however, time was a limitation when using existing human resources. Ensuring technological competence prior to the start of the intervention was essential. Group supervision meetings allowed non-specialized professionals to learn from each other's experiences. CONCLUSION: Carefully considering recruitment, training and supervision of non-specialized professionals is important for effective task-shifting when delivering an mHealth intervention for depression. Opportunities and challenges of working in different health systems are described, which should be considered in future implementation, either for research or real settings. Trial registration NCT028406662 (Sao Paulo), NCT03026426 (Peru)

A FISIOTERAPIA AQUÁTICA NO PÓS-OPERATÓRIO DE LIGAMENTO CRUZADO ANTERIOR

INTRODUÇÃO: A lesão no joelho é a segunda lesão esportiva mais comum após a entorse de tornozelo, no que causa instabilidade e afeta o desempenho atlético. Dentre os tratamentos para lesões pós-cirúrgicas do ligamento cruzado anterior, destaca-se a fisioterapia aquática como recurso fisioterapêutico que proporciona benefícios terapêuticos ao paciente através das propriedades físicas e aquecimento da água, promovendo ganhos rápidos de amplitude de movimento e redução do edema. OBJETIVO: analisar a atuação da fisioterapia aquática no tratamento do pós- operatório de LCA. METODOLOGIA: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, consistindo em uma pesquisa do tipo descritiva. Os descritores controlados utilizados na estratégia de busca foram selecionados no Descritores em Ciências da Saúde utilizado os operadores booleanos “AND” e “OR” para combinar os termos. Para iniciar a busca de referências, acessou-se as bases de dados BVS e PubMED, tendo um quantitativo final de 8 estudos a serem analisados. RESULTADOS: os estudos demonstraram a efetividade da fisioterapia aquática na reabilitação pós cirurgia de lesão de LCA, sendo um recurso terapêutico que proporciona melhora do quadro álgico, ganho de força muscular, melhora da marcha, capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida aos pacientes, além de ser um treinamento inovador com resultados favoráveis em relação à reabilitação convencional, pois em questão de amplitude de movimento do membro lesionado foi melhor em condições subaquáticas em relação de terra firme. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: A fisioterapia atua no tratamento de pós- operatório de LCA trazendo benefícios como ganhos na marcha, níveis de flexão do joelho, recuperação funcional, restauração da força muscular do joelho e estruturas envolvidas no movimento, treinamento neuromuscular e melhorias na eficiência da propriocepção.https://revistaft.com.br/a-fisioterapia-aquatica-no-pos-operatorio-de-ligamento-cruzado-anterior

Oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity in human erythrocytes exposed to clomazone (in vitro)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of clomazone herbicide on oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity in human erythrocytes in in vitro conditions. The activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), as well as the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in human erythrocytes exposed (in vitro) to clomazone at varying concentrations in the range of 0, 100, 250 and 500 µg/L for 1 h at 37 °C.TBARS levels were significantly higher in erythrocytes incubated with clomazone at 100, 250 and 500 µg/L. However, erythrocyte CAT and AChE activities were decreased at all concentrations tested. SOD activity was increased only at 100 µg/L of clomazone. GSH levels did not change with clomazone exposure. These results clearly showed clomazone to induce oxidative stress and AChE inhibition in human erythrocytes (in vitro). We, thus, suggest a possible role of ROS on toxicity mechanism induced by clomazone in humans

Clareza, concisão e coesão: princípios e métricas de legibilidade aplicados ao texto de pós-graduandos em Ciência da Informação

Introdução: a barreira da língua dificulta publicar em inglês mesmo quando há mérito científico, pois o problema começa em português, na dificuldade em escrever como a ciência requer. Qual o impacto da aplicação de princípios de clareza, concisão e coesão na extensão e legibilidade de textos científicos? Esta pesquisa objetivou verificar esse impacto ao comparar extensão e indicadores de legibilidade antes e após a aplicação dos princípios. Método: vinte e cinco estudantes de pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação anotaram um texto científico próprio e o de três colegas, em revisão por pares duplo-cega, indicando problemas de estilo de quatro tipos: palavra desnecessária, distância sujeito-verbo excessiva, nominalização excessiva e contextualização tardia. Cada autor reelaborou seu próprio texto para resolver os problemas anotados. Os textos originais e reelaborados foram comparados em extensão e escore de facilidade de leitura de Flesch. Textos originais e reelaborados da literatura também foram mensurados como referência. Resultados: Todos os textos diminuíram em extensão após reelaborados, embora tenha havido mais atenção a problemas gramaticais do que aos quatro problemas de estilo. Houve 13 aumentos, duas manutenções e 10 diminuições nos escores de legibilidade. Esse resultado é compatível com o estudo-referência com textos da literatura. Conclusão: a aplicação dos princípios de legibilidade diminui a extensão e, em acordo com a literatura, tem impacto duvidoso no escore de legibilidade. Resta investigar a traduzibilidade comparada para verificar o pressuposto de que aplicar os princípios é "escrever em inglês em português".Introduction: The language barrier makes it difficult to publish in English, even when there is scientific merit, as the problem starts in Portuguese, in the difficulty of following scientific writing principles. What is the impact of applying principles of clarity, conciseness, and cohesion in the extension and readability of scientific texts? This research aimed to verify this impact when comparing extension and readability indicators before and after applying those principles. Method: Twenty-five Information Science graduate students annotated their own scientific text and that of three colleagues, in a double-blind review, indicating writing style problems of four types: unnecessary word, excessive subject-verb distance, excessive nominalization, and late contextualization. Each author then reworked their own text to solve the problems. The original and reworked texts were compared in length and Flesch Reading Ease score. Original and reworked texts from the literature were also compared, as a reference. Results: All texts were shortened after rework, although annotations were directed most to grammatical problems than to the four style problems. There were 13 increases, 2 maintenance, and 10 decreases in the readability scores. This result is compatible with the benchmark study with texts from the literature. Conclusions: Applying readability principles improves conciseness but, in accordance with the literature, has a dubious impact on the readability score. Compared translatability remains an open research topic, to verify the assumption that applying the principles equates to "write in English in Portuguese"