Carcass characteristics and fatty acid profile of Santa Inês lamb fed banana leftovers

The use of new feed resources, particularly local agroindustrial byproducts, such as banana, may be an option for replacing those traditionally used for sheep feed to reduce production costs. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary effects of replacing corn bran with banana leftovers on performance, carcass, non-carcass components, meat traits, and fatty acid profile of Santa Inês lambs. Twenty-four Santa Inês female lambs with an average weight of 23.73 kg were fed diets containing 60 % coast cross hay and 40 % concentrate (30 % corn bran and 10 % soybean meal). Treatments consisted of corn bran replaced by banana leftovers at rates of 0, 25, 50, and 75 % on a dry matter basis. The experiment lasted 120 days. Animals were slaughtered and carcasses and non-carcass components were evaluated. The half-carcasses were weighed and sectioned into commercial cuts. The 12th and 13th ribs were dissected to collect bones, muscle and fat proportions. Cooking loss, color, shear force and sarcomere length were measured. Fatty acid profiles were obtained by gas chromatography. Hot and cold carcass weight, leg, neck, lung, loin eye area, fat thickness, initial sample weight of the 12th and 13th ribs, fat and bone, presented a negative linear effect of banana leftovers replacing corn in the diet. Loin, fat thickness, cooking loss and carcass redness showed a negative quadratic effect, while full and empty abomasum, full omasum, sarcomere length and yellowness presented a positive quadratic effect. Replacement of up to 75 % of corn bran by banana leftovers did not interfere in the intake, performance, meat traits and the fatty acid profile of lambs. The use of banana leftovers may be an alternative for reducing animal production costs

Carcass characteristics and fatty acid profile of Santa Inês lamb fed banana leftovers

The use of new feed resources, particularly local agroindustrial byproducts, such as banana, may be an option for replacing those traditionally used for sheep feed to reduce production costs. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary effects of replacing corn bran with banana leftovers on performance, carcass, non-carcass components, meat traits, and fatty acid profile of Santa Inês lambs. Twenty-four Santa Inês female lambs with an average weight of 23.73 kg were fed diets containing 60 % coast cross hay and 40 % concentrate (30 % corn bran and 10 % soybean meal). Treatments consisted of corn bran replaced by banana leftovers at rates of 0, 25, 50, and 75 % on a dry matter basis. The experiment lasted 120 days. Animals were slaughtered and carcasses and non-carcass components were evaluated. The half-carcasses were weighed and sectioned into commercial cuts. The 12th and 13th ribs were dissected to collect bones, muscle and fat proportions. Cooking loss, color, shear force and sarcomere length were measured. Fatty acid profiles were obtained by gas chromatography. Hot and cold carcass weight, leg, neck, lung, loin eye area, fat thickness, initial sample weight of the 12th and 13th ribs, fat and bone, presented a negative linear effect of banana leftovers replacing corn in the diet. Loin, fat thickness, cooking loss and carcass redness showed a negative quadratic effect, while full and empty abomasum, full omasum, sarcomere length and yellowness presented a positive quadratic effect. Replacement of up to 75 % of corn bran by banana leftovers did not interfere in the intake, performance, meat traits and the fatty acid profile of lambs. The use of banana leftovers may be an alternative for reducing animal production costs

Performance and carcass traits of Santa Inês lambs finished with different sources of forage

The objective of this study was to evaluate performance and biometrics of lambs fed different sources of forage. Twenty-four six-month-old Santa Inês female lambs were randomly allocated to four experimental diets and housed in individual stalls. They weighed on average 26.35±0.20 kg. The diets were coast cross hay (HAY), cassava hay (CAS), dehydrated by-product of pea crop (PEA) and saccharin (SAC). The diets were formulated with the same amount of protein and energy with fixed levels of forage (60%) and concentrate (40%). Adaptation to the diet took 7 days, with 45 days on experiment. Weights and biometric measurements were obtained every fortnight and feed intake three times a week. Rights half-carcasses were weighed and sectioned into retail cuts, rib, loin, shoulder, belly, neck and leg, which were weighed individually. Weight gain in lambs was significantly different between diets, with those fed saccharin gaining more. Overall, treatments did not significantly affect biometric measurements. There was a significant difference for feed intake and live weight at the end of the experiment. Animals fed PEA and SAC showed the best results. Average positive correlations were found between biometric measurements and live weight. Treatment PEA had heavier hot (14.36 kg) and cold (14.01 kg) carcass weights than the other groups. Hot carcass kill-out was higher for animals fed PEA as well as ham weight, belly, neck and heart girth. The weight of the abdominal viscera (%) for lambs fed CAS was greater than those fed SAC and PEA. The weights of the thoracic viscera as well as the liver, for lambs fed PEA were higher. The by-product of pea yielded best results, followed by saccharin, and can replace traditional forage sources in the region, providing similar results in terms of cuts and body components. These could be an alternative for feeding sheep in the dry season. The substitution of forages using by-product of pea and saccharin led to improved productivity over the coast-cross hay available in the Federal District - Brazil

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Substitution of corn for discard banana (Musa spp.) on performance and carcass characteristics of lambs

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, 2013.A utilização do excedente da produção da cultura da banana (Musa spp.) como suplementação na alimentação de ruminantes surge como uma atraente alternativa de baixo custo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da substituição do milho por diferentes proporções de banana descarte na dieta de cordeiras Santa Inês, sobre o desempenho, sobre aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos da carcaça e da carne. Vinte e quatro cordeiras confinadas foram alimentadas com dietas, diferindo a proporção de substituição do milho por banana descarte: 60% de feno de coast-cross + 40% de concentrado, sendo constituído por milho grão triturado em farelo e farelo de soja. O milho foi substituído até 75% por banana descarte. Os animais foram submetidos a um período de jejum alimentar de 24 horas, transportados e seguiram para o abate no frigorífico. A avaliação das carcaças ocorreu após 24 horas de resfriamento. O cálculo de rendimento em porcentagem dos constituintes corporais foi realizado com base no peso vivo final. As meias carcaças direitas foram pesadas e seccionadas em cortes comerciais. Para obtenção das proporções entre osso, músculo e gordura e a extração lipídica foram realizadas na 12a e 13a costela. Os lipídios foram extraídos e analisados por cromatografia gasosa. Diferenças foram encontradas para rendimento biológico onde BAN0 obteve valores superiores ao BAN75, para os demais rendimentos da carcaça não ocorreram altercações significativas. Verificou-se que a dieta não influenciou as variáveis analisadas para peso e rendimentos dos cortes comerciais. Para os não constituintes da carcaça foi observado diferenças entre os tratamentos para peso e rendimento da cabeça. Houve diferenças entre as porcentagens encontradas para omaso cheias o BAN 75 obteve maior representatividade no peso vivo em jejum, ocorrendo o inverso para omaso vazio. Foram encontradas diferenças para espessura de gordura do L. dorsi, sugerindo a interferência das dietas em relação à deposição de gordura. Todos os cortes comerciais apresentaram correlação alta e positiva entre os pesos da carcaça. A medida perímetro de pernil apresentou correlação alta positiva (>0,70) para as características de pesos da carcaça e das vísceras torácicas com a substituição de diferentes níveis de substituição de banana descarte na alimentação de ovinos em confinamento. Não houve diferença (P>0.05) nas quantidades da maioria dos ácidos graxos analisados, exceto para os ácido cis-11-Eicosenoico (C20:1n9) e ácido 11-14-Eicosadienoico (C20:2), sugerindo a influência da dieta sobre estes dois compostos lipídicos. Na relação AGPI:AGS da carne ovina pesquisada, os animais ficaram bem abaixo dos índices recomendados, indicando um bom resultado perante as recomendações de ingestão de gorduras totais, visto que uma elevada relação entre AGPI/AGS e ω3/ω6 pode estar associada a doenças cardiovasculares. A substituição do milho por banana descarte não foi capaz de modificar o perfil de ácidos graxos Oléico, Palmítico e Esteárico no músculo L. dorsi de cordeiras Santa Inês. Conclui-se que a inclusão de até 50% de banana descarte na dieta de ovinos é uma alternativa aceitável para a alimentação de ovinos sem que haja alterações relacionadas às principais características quantitativas da carcaça, dos não constituintes da carcaça e dos cortes cárneos comerciais e seus rendimentos. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe use of excess production of culture banana (Musa spp.) as supplementation in ruminant feed appears as an attractive low-cost alternative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing corn with different proportions of banana discard in the diet of Santa Ines lambs on performance on quantitative and qualitative aspects of carcass and meat. Twenty-four lambs were confined to diets differing proportion of replacement of corn by banana discard: 60% of coast-cross hay + 40% concentrate, consisting of grinded corn bran and soybean meal. The corn was substituted by up to 75% banana discard. The animals were submitted to a food fasting of 24 hours, and followed transported for slaughter. The evaluation of carcass occurred after 24 hours of cooling. Calculation of percentage yield of body components was performed based on final live weight. Carcases rights were weighed and sectioned into retail cuts. To obtain the proportions of bone, muscle and fat and lipid extraction were performed on the 12th and 13th rib. The lipids were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography. Differences were found for biological yield where BAN0 got BAN75 higher than values for the other income housing no significant altercations. It was found that the diet did not influence variables analyzed for weight and yields of commercial cuts. For non-constituents of the carcass was observed differences between treatments for weight and yield of the head. There were differences between the percentages found for the full omasum BAN 75 had higher representation in the fasted live weight, while the opposite occurred for empty omasum. Differences were found for fat thickness of L. dorsi, suggesting the interference of diets in relation to fat deposition. All commercial cuts showed high positive correlation between carcass weight. The perimeter measure shank showed high positive correlation (> 0.70) for the characteristics of the carcass weights and thoracic viscera with the substitution of different levels of substitution of banana discard in feeding sheep in confinement. There was no difference (p> 0.05) in the amounts of most fatty acids analyzed, except for cis-11-eicosenoic (C20: 1n9) and 11-14-eicosadienoic (C20: 2) acid, suggesting the influence of diet on these two lipid compounds. In PUFA: SFA sheepmeat researched the animals were well below recommended levels, indicating a good result against the recommendations of intake of total fat, whereas a high ratio of PUFA / SFA and ω3/ω6 may be associated with disease cardiovascular. Replacing corn with banana discard was not able to modify the profile of oleic, palmitic and stearic fatty acids in muscle L. dorsi of Santa Ines lambs. It is concluded that the inclusion of up to 50% discard in banana diet of sheep is an acceptable alternative for feeding sheep without any changes related to major quantitative carcass traits, non constituents of the carcass and commercial cuts and their income

Fontes alternativas de volumosos na dieta de ovinos

Dissertação (mestrado)—Unversidade de Brasília, Faculdade Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, 2009.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho, biometria e ultrassonografia in vivo, bem como características quantitativas e não constituintes da carcaça de cordeiras alimentadas com diferentes fontes de volumoso. Foram usadas 24 cordeiras Santa Inês confinadas, com 6 meses de idade e peso médio de 26,35±0,20 kg distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. As rações continham feno de coast-cross (FCC), feno da parte aérea de mandioca (PAM), subproduto da lavoura de ervilha desidratado (ERV) e saccharina (SAC). As borregas foram alimentadas com dietas isoprotéicas e isoenergéticas, com proporções fixas de volumoso (60%) e de concentrado (40%). Os animais foram adaptados a dieta e as instalações por 7 dias. As borregas ficaram confinadas por 45 dias, em baias individuais, onde foram pesadas e realizada a biometria no inicio do experimento e depois foram pesadas e medidas a cada 15 dias, o controle do consumo de alimento foi feito três vezes por semana. Os animais foram submetidos a um período de jejum alimentar de 24 horas antes do abate. As meias carcaças direitas foram pesadas e seccionadas em cortes comerciais: costela, lombo, paleta, fralda, pescoço e pernil, que foram pesadas individualmente. Apesar do baixo desempenho, os animais ganharam peso e mantiveram com alto escore corporal na época de escassez de alimento. As dietas apresentaram diferenças para ganho médio de peso e consumo. A SAC foi melhor que os demais tratamentos. As medidas biométricas não foram diferentes entre os tratamentos, possivelmente pela homogeneidade dos animais. Os animais no tratamento ERV obtiveram peso de carcaça quente (14,36 kg) e fria (14,01 kg) superiores, peso de pernil, fralda, pescoço, vísceras torácicas fígado e perímetro de pernil. O subproduto de ervilha apresentou melhores resultados juntamente com a saccharina podendo substituir volumosos tradicionais. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate performance, biometrics and in vivo ultrasound measurements as well as carcass and non-carcass constituents of lambs fed with different sources of forage. Twenty four, six month old Santa Inês female lambs were randomly allocated to four experimental diets and housed in individual stalls. They weighed on average 26,35±0,20 kg. The diets were Coast cross hay (FCC), Cassava hay (PAM), dehydrated subproduct of pea crop (ERV) and Saccharine (SAC). The diets were isoproteic and isoenergetic with fixed levels of forage (60%) and concentrate (40%). Diet adaptation was 7 days with 45 days on experiment. Weighing and bioemtric measurements were taken every fortnight and diet consumption three times a week. At the end of the experiment the animals underwent a 24 fast and slaughtered. Half carcasses were separated in commercial cuts and weighed. Although performance was low animals on all diets gained weight and maintained body score in a period of feed shortage. Biometic measurements were not different (P>0,05) between treatments, due to the animals being homogeneous. Animals on different diets showed different weight gains and diet consumption, animals on SAC showing the best performance. Animals on ERV had heaviest hot (14.36 kg) and cold (14.01 kg) carcasses, as well as leg, rib, neck, thoracic viscera and liver weights as well as leg perimeter. Pea subproduct and saccharine can substitute traditional forages during the dry season with animals

Hemato-biochemical profile of meat cattle submitted to different types of pre-loading handling and transport times

Pre-loading handling and conditions of transport are related to welfare, disease risk and product quality of production animals. These steps continue to be one of the major animal management problems in Brazil. This study evaluated the effects of different types of pre-loading handling and road transport times on the haematological and biochemical traits of cattle. Eighteen male cattle were submitted to three travel times (24, 48 and 72 h) in a truck soon after load using different types of pre-loading handling: traditional (rough handling), training (gentle handling) and use of flags to movement cattle. Haematological traits, blood biochemical measures as well as blood and faecal cortisol were analysed in order to assess animal welfare and physiological status. The traditional management showed to be more stressful, also had animals with a greater number of neutrophils and lower numbers of lymphocytes than handling with flags, showing that animals submitted to more stressful situations can have compromised immune system. Serum aspartate aminotransferase concentrations were within the reference levels and when taken together with increased creatine kinase patterns observed indicate muscle damage in traditional management. Decrease in glucose concentrations over time from traditional management to flag management was observed, while fructosamine was increased in traditional management with 72 h of travel. When taken together, all reported factors, immune, enzymatic, energetic and hormonal, indicate that the quality of pre-loading handling and time of transport were determinant for animal welfare, its homeostatic balance and sanitary conditions