ANÁLISE DO CONHECIMENTO E DA CONDUTA MÉDICA ACERCA DA PREVENÇÃO DA OSTEONECOROSE DOS MAXILARES PELO USO DE BISFOSFONATOS

A osteonecrose dos maxilares associada ao uso do bisfosfonatos (ONMAB) representa um importante efeito adverso causado pelo uso de bisfosfonatos (BF) em pacientes com patologias ósseas degenerativas e/ou doenças malignas e sua prevenção ocorre principalmente pela atuação multidisciplinar entre médico e cirurgião-dentista. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar o conhecimento e a conduta dos médicos acerca da prevenção da osteonecrose dos maxilares em pacientes que iniciarão a terapia com bisfosfonatos. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, de delineamento transversal e descritivo. Foram incluídos médicos especialistas de três áreas da medicina que prescrevem BF com maior frequência: geriatria, oncologia e ortopedia. A coleta de dados envolveu a aplicação de um questionário estruturado contendo variáveis acerca do perfil do profissional: gênero, idade, tempo de graduação, titulação, além de variáveis relacionadas ao conhecimento e conduta acerca da prevenção da ONMAB. Participaram deste estudo 30 profissionais e apesar de 90% dos mesmos relatarem possuir conhecimento acerca da ONMAB, apenas 30% encaminham o paciente ao cirurgião-dentista antes de iniciarem a terapia com BF. Observou-se também que profissionais mulheres e médicos oncologistas representam os grupos que mais realizam o encaminhamento preventivo. A partir desse estudo foi possível observar a necessidade de maior sensibilização e conhecimento dos médicos em relação à prevenção da ONMAB, e que a conduta preventiva está relacionada ao tipo de especialidade médica, assim como ao gênero do profissional

GÊNERO, FEMINILIDADE E SEXUALIDADE EM TEMPOS DE AIDS: REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE AGENTES COMUNITÁRIAS DE SAÚDE

Estudo qualitativo com embasamento teórico-metodológico da Teoria das Representações Sociais, objetivou compreender as representações sociais de feminilidade e sexualidade de agentes comunitárias de saúde. Participaram da pesquisa quatorze agentes comunitárias de saúde, seis da cidade de Guanambi, localizado no sudoeste da Bahia e oito da cidade de Montes Claros, norte de Minas Gerais. A produção dos dados empíricos ocorreu no segundo semestre de 2012 através da realização de grupos focais. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. As categorias que emergiram: Categoria 1: Influência do trabalho em relação à feminilidade, subcategoria 1: Permanências dos estereótipos de feminilidade, subcategoria 2: Rupturas dos estereótipos de feminilidade; Categoria 2: Exercício da sexualidade feminina: vulnerabilidade às DST/AIDS e Categoria 3: Atuação das ACS: Despreparo relacionado à cultura das famílias. Sinalizam-se as implicações das representações tradicionais de feminilidade e sexualidade e necessidade de novas abordagens de prevenção e de educação na área de saúde que envolva as agentes comunitárias de saúde e que favoreçam a atuação das mesmas no sentido de incorporar ao cuidado dispensado às mulheres a perspectiva de gênero e sexualidade

Atualizações sobre os princípios de reconstrução de queimaduras da face: Updates on the principles of face burns reconstruction

Os objetivos da cirurgia reconstrutiva para o paciente queimado são, primeiro, restaurar a função e, em seguida, restaurar a aparência estética, após a ressuscitação e estabilização, o tratamento das queimaduras torna-se a próxima prioridade. Os efeitos posteriores das queimaduras, que estão relacionados à perda de tecido normal e cicatrizes, incluem limitação de movimento, dor, desfiguração e constrangimento social. O tipo de procedimento de reconstrução selecionado depende da localização da queimadura, da extensão da lesão e da disponibilidade de pele e tecido do doador. A cicatrização cutânea após a queimadura dá origem à morbidade física e psicossocial característica pós-queimadura, a modulação da cicatriz da queimadura usando técnicas físicas e cirúrgicas, incluindo terapia de pressão, massagem, exercício, esteróides intralesionais, terapia a laser e transferência de gordura autóloga têm sido usadas para modular a cicatriz de queimadura hipertrófica. A terapia com laser e luz intensa pulsada tornou-se uma ferramenta valiosa na modulação da cicatriz, diminuindo o eritema cicatricial, reduzindo a espessura, aumentando a flexibilidade, reduzindo a dor e o prurido e melhorando a cor e a textura da cicatriz. A transferência de gordura autóloga também melhora a flexibilidade da cicatriz da queimadura e a aparência objetiva, também pode ser útil para gerenciar defeitos e irregularidades de contorno

Search for coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering at a nuclear reactor with CONNIE 2019 data

The Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Interaction Experiment (CONNIE) is taking data at the Angra 2 nuclear reactor with the aim of detecting the coherent elastic scattering of reactor antineutrinos with silicon nuclei using charge-coupled devices (CCDs). In 2019 the experiment operated with a hardware binning applied to the readout stage, leading to lower levels of readout noise and improving the detection threshold down to 50 eV. The results of the analysis of 2019 data are reported here, corresponding to the detector array of 8 CCDs with a fiducial mass of 36.2 g and a total exposure of 2.2 kg-days. The difference between the reactor-on and reactor-off spectra shows no excess at low energies and yields upper limits at 95% confidence level for the neutrino interaction rates. In the lowest-energy range, 50-180 eV, the expected limit stands at 34 (39) times the standard model prediction, while the observed limit is 66 (75) times the standard model prediction with Sarkis (Chavarria) quenching factors.Comment: 23 pages, 14 figure

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.

BACKGROUND: A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS: This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Background A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. Methods This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. Findings Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0–75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4–97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8–80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3–4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. Interpretation ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials

VELO Upgrade Module Characterization

During Run I and II, the Large Hadron Collider Beauty (LHCb) Experiment acquired proton-proton collisions data with an instantaneous luminosity of $\mathrm{4 \times 10^{32}}$ $\mathrm{cm^{-2}}$ $\mathrm{s^{-1}}$. Through the long-shutdown two (LS2), most of the LHCb sub-detectors are being upgraded due to the new data-taking conditions which include an increase of factor 5 on the instantaneous luminosity. VErtex LOcator (VELO) is a detector designed surrounding to the interaction point. Its main purpose is the reconstruction of tracks of p-p collisions and decay vertices. The new hybrid pixel vertex detector will feature modules based on microchannel cooling substrates and $\mathrm{55 \times 55}$ $\mathrm{ \mu m^2}$ pitch pixel detectors bump bonded to ultra high speed ASICs which operates at 40 MHz called the Velopix. CERN VELO Lab has the important role of testing and debugging VELO module prototypes. My contribution related to the operation of a setup for testing these modules during the Summer Program is reported