Caracterización geomecánica aplicando modelamientos numéricos para determinar el grado de estabilidad Raise Climber 32, II etapa MARSA

En la investigación se planteó como problema general: ¿cuál es el resultado del estudio geomecánico aplicando modelamientos numéricos a fin de determinar el grado de estabilidad Raise Climber 32, II etapa - MARSA 2021?, el objetivo general fue: establecer el resultado del estudio geomecánico aplicando modelamientos numéricos a fin de determinar el grado de estabilidad Raise Climber 32, II etapa - MARSA 2021 y la hipótesis general: el resultado del estudio geomecánico aplicando modelamientos numéricos permite determinar el grado de estabilidad Raise Climber 32, II etapa - MARSA 2021. El método general de investigación fue el científico, tipo aplicado, nivel correlacional de diseño cuasi experimental, la población y muestra estuvo conformada por la labor mineras Raise Climber 32, II etapa – unidad minera Marsa. De la investigación se concluye que: el resultado del estudio geomecánico aplicando modelamientos numéricos permite determinar la zonificación geomecánica del entorno de la Raise Climber – 32 (II Etapa) de tipo de roca IVA y IVB con un RMR de 31 a 41 y GSI (IF/P y MF/P) respectivamente, considerando el sostenimiento (Shotcrete 2’’ Malla con Pernos + Shotcrete 2’’), se obtiene un factor de seguridad que varía entre 0.63 y 0.95, lo que indica que el proyecto se encuentra en una zona plástica (inestable). Sección A ́- A, considerando el sostenimiento con (cuadro metálico) se obtiene un factor de seguridad de 1.26, lo que indica que el proyecto de la Raise Climber 32 (II Etapa) se encuentra en una zona (estable). - MARSA 2021

Using Big Data Technologies for HEP Analysis

The HEP community is approaching an era were the excellent performances of the particle accelerators in delivering collision at high rate will force the experiments to record a large amount of information. The growing size of the datasets could potentially become a limiting factor in the capability to produce scientific results timely and efficiently. Recently, new technologies and new approaches have been developed in industry to answer to the necessity to retrieve information as quickly as possible to analyze PB and EB datasets. Providing the scientists with these modern computing tools will lead to rethinking the principles of data analysis in HEP, making the overall scientific process faster and smoother. In this paper, we are presenting the latest developments and the most recent results on the usage of Apache Spark for HEP analysis. The study aims at evaluating the efficiency of the application of the new tools both quantitatively, by measuring the performances, and qualitatively, focusing on the user experience. The first goal is achieved by developing a data reduction facility: working together with CERN Openlab and Intel, CMS replicates a real physics search using Spark-based technologies, with the ambition of reducing 1 PB of public data in 5 hours, collected by the CMS experiment, to 1 TB of data in a format suitable for physics analysis. The second goal is achieved by implementing multiple physics use-cases in Apache Spark using as input preprocessed datasets derived from official CMS data and simulation. By performing different end-analyses up to the publication plots on different hardware, feasibility, usability and portability are compared to the ones of a traditional ROOT-based workflow

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

2-Mercapto-Quinazolinones as Inhibitors of Type II NADH Dehydrogenase and Mycobacterium tuberculosis:Structure-Activity Relationships, Mechanism of Action and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion Characterization

<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>MTb</i>) possesses two nonproton pumping type II NADH dehydrogenase (NDH-2) enzymes which are predicted to be jointly essential for respiratory metabolism. Furthermore, the structure of a closely related bacterial NDH-2 has been reported recently, allowing for the structure-based design of small-molecule inhibitors. Herein, we disclose <i>MTb</i> whole-cell structure–activity relationships (SARs) for a series of 2-mercapto-quinazolinones which target the <i>ndh</i> encoded NDH-2 with nanomolar potencies. The compounds were inactivated by glutathione-dependent adduct formation as well as quinazolinone oxidation in microsomes. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated modest bioavailability and compound exposures. Resistance to the compounds in <i>MTb</i> was conferred by promoter mutations in the alternative nonessential NDH-2 encoded by <i>ndhA</i> in <i>MTb</i>. Bioenergetic analyses revealed a decrease in oxygen consumption rates in response to inhibitor in cells in which membrane potential was uncoupled from ATP production, while inverted membrane vesicles showed mercapto-quinazolinone-dependent inhibition of ATP production when NADH was the electron donor to the respiratory chain. Enzyme kinetic studies further demonstrated noncompetitive inhibition, suggesting binding of this scaffold to an allosteric site. In summary, while the initial <i>MTb</i> SAR showed limited improvement in potency, these results, combined with structural information on the bacterial protein, will aid in the future discovery of new and improved NDH-2 inhibitors

Kinesio Taping reduces pain and improves disability in Low Back Pain patients: a randomised controlled trial

Objectives: Investigate the effects of Kinesio Taping® (KT) on chronic nonspecific low back pain (LBP) Design: Randomised controlled trial with intention-to-treat analysis. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: One hundred eight women with chronic nonspecific LBP underwent an evaluation pre, three and ten days after intervention. Interventions: After randomization, participants were assigned in four groups: KT with tension group (KTT) applied Kinesio Taping® with tension in the region of the erector spinae muscles; KT no tension group (KTNT) applied Kinesio Taping® with no tension at the same region; Micropore® group (MP) applied Micropore® tape on the erector spinae muscles; and Control group (CG) did not receive any intervention. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was pain sensation, measured by numerical pain rating scale. Secondary outcomes were: disability, trunk range of motion, strength and electromyographic amplitude, measured by Roland Morris Disability questionnaire, inclinometry, dynamometry and electromyography, respectively. Results: Pain relief was observed for KTT group (mean difference=1,963; CI 95%=0,501 - 3,425; p=0,003) and KTNT group (mean diference=1,926; CI 95%=0,464 - 3,388; p=0,004) compared to control group at 3 days after application of the tape. For disability there was difference between control group and KTT group at 3 (mean difference=3,481; CI 95%=0,825 – 6,138; p=0,004) and 10 days (mean difference=3,185; CI 95%=0,395 - 5,975; p=0,016). For all the others variables, there was no differences between group. Conclusion: KT with or without tension reduces pain 3 days after its application. Additionally, when applied with tension it improves disability after 3 and 10 days in LBP patients

Diversity and ethics in trauma and acute care surgery teams: results from an international survey

Background Investigating the context of trauma and acute care surgery, the article aims at understanding the factors that can enhance some ethical aspects, namely the importance of patient consent, the perceptiveness of the ethical role of the trauma leader, and the perceived importance of ethics as an educational subject. Methods The article employs an international questionnaire promoted by the World Society of Emergency Surgery. Results Through the analysis of 402 fully filled questionnaires by surgeons from 72 different countries, the three main ethical topics are investigated through the lens of gender, membership of an academic or non-academic institution, an official trauma team, and a diverse group. In general terms, results highlight greater attention paid by surgeons belonging to academic institutions, official trauma teams, and diverse groups. Conclusions Our results underline that some organizational factors (e.g., the fact that the team belongs to a university context or is more diverse) might lead to the development of a higher sensibility on ethical matters. Embracing cultural diversity forces trauma teams to deal with different mindsets. Organizations should, therefore, consider those elements in defining their organizational procedures. Level of evidence Trauma and acute care teams work under tremendous pressure and complex circumstances, with their members needing to make ethical decisions quickly. The international survey allowed to shed light on how team assembly decisions might represent an opportunity to coordinate team member actions and increase performance