386 research outputs found

    Multi-threaded execution of Cypher queries

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    In this report we investigate parallel execution of queries in graph databases. We analyse different methods of parallelization, how to introduce query parallelization to a graph database, which query operations that are suitable for parallelization and if we can improve the execution time of a single query. We do this by designing and implementing a parallel runtime for the Cypher query language in the graph database Neo4j, but many of the design ideas and operators investigated are applicable to any graph database. We focus on increasing performance for a select few operators, while still being fully integrated with Neo4j. We take much inspiration from a design called morsel-driven parallelism. This means that we strive to split the workload into many small pieces, “morsels”, and then hand these morsels to the threads executing the query. This is in contrast to a more classical parallelization approach, where you split the workload into a few big parts of equal size. We conclude that the operators best suited for parallelization are the operators that can be split into several smaller parts, where each part can be computed independently. We successfully introduce parallel execution of Cypher queries to Neo4j and by doing so we increase the performance of a single query by up to 15 times under certain conditionsGrafdatabaser blir allt vanligare, samtidigt som antalet processorer i moderna datorer ökar mer och mer. Vi tittar i detta arbete pĂ„ hur parallelliserad sökning kan leda till prestandavinster i den populĂ€ra grafdatabashanteraren Neo4j. För att ta reda pĂ„ om det gĂ„r att parallellisera en enskild sökning i en grafdatabas och hur stor pĂ„verkan detta dĂ„ har pĂ„ svarstider, skapade vi vĂ„r egen modifierade version av Neo4j. Vi började med att ta reda pĂ„ vilka delar av mjukvaran som bĂ€st lĂ€mpade sig för parallellisering, med hĂ€nsyn till hur ofta de förekom i sökningar samt hur pass stora krav de stĂ€llde pĂ„ processorn. Efter att ha valt ut ett antal av dessa sĂ„ gick vi vidare med att ta fram metoder för att dela upp dem i mindre uppgifter som kunde köras i olika delar av processorn samtidigt, för att slutligen införa dessa Ă€ndringar i Neo4j. Resultatet Ă€r en version av Neo4j som under rĂ€tt förhĂ„llanden ger upp till 15 gĂ„nger snabbare svar pĂ„ enskilda sökningar

    Preschool yards in a warmer climate : the impact of urban landscape design on microclimate for a healthy outdoor experience

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    PÄ grund av klimatförÀndringarna och vÀrmeböljor som följd har det drabbat stÀder hÄrdare pÄ grund av att stadsutvecklingen prÀglas av förtÀtning och dÀrmed Àr vÀrmeöeffekten mer pÄtaglig. Detta stÀller högre krav pÄ att den urbana miljön kan hantera denna förÀndring för att ge mÀnniskor en god livsmiljö. I detta arbete som grundar sig i fÀltstudier har vi valt att titta pÄ hur barns utemiljö i förskola kan hantera framtidens vÀrmeböljor för att minska risken att barns hÀlsa och vÀlmÄende pÄverkas negativt. UtifrÄn studiens resultat konstateras att man i planeringskedjan mÄste beakta flera aspekter som pÄverkar barns utemiljö i förskola och i ledet pÄverkar barns utveckling och hÀlsa. De aspekter som en varierad vegetation och val av markmaterial Àr viktiga att beakta dÄ dess andel och egenskaper pÄverkar temperaturen och förskolegÄrdens klimat samt i lÀngden den urbana vÀrmeöeffekten. Genom fÀlt- och fallstudier kan det konstateras att förbÀttringar kan göras pÄ mÄnga olika sÀtt, sÄ vÀl stora som smÄ. Bristande Àr naturligt material, vegetation och förebyggandet av goda sol- och skuggförhÄllanden för att sÀkerstÀlla en god utevistelse.Due to climate change and subsequent heatwaves, cities have been hit harder because of urban development characterized by densification, making the urban heat island effect more pronounced. This puts higher demands on the urban environment to cope with this change to provide people with a good living environment. In this study, based on field research, we have chosen to examine how the outdoor environment of preschools can manage future heatwaves to reduce the risk of negative impacts on children's health and well-being. Based on the study's results, it is concluded that several aspects affecting the outdoor environment of preschools must be considered in the planning process, which in turn affects children's development and health. Aspects such as varied vegetation and choice of ground material are important to consider, as their proportion and characteristics influence the temperature and climate of the preschool yard, and ultimately the urban heat island effect. Through field and case studies, it can be noted that improvements can be made in many ways, both large and small. Deficiencies lie in natural materials, vegetation, and the provision of good sun and shade conditions to ensure a good outdoor experience

    Accelerating crystal plasticity simulations using GPU multiprocessors

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    Crystal plasticity models are often used to model the deformation behavior of polycrystalline materials. One major drawback with such models is that they are computationally very demanding. Adopting the common Taylor assumption requires calculation of the response of several hundreds of individual grains to obtain the stress in a single integration point in the overlying FEM structure. However, a large part of the operations can be executed in parallel to reduce the computation time. One emerging technology for running massively parallel computations without having to rely on the availability of large computer clusters is to port the parallel parts of the calculations to a graphical processing unit (GPU). GPUs are designed to handle vast numbers of floating point operations in parallel. In the present work, different strategies for the numerical implementation of crystal plasticity are investigated as well as a number of approaches to parallelization of the program execution. It is identified that a major concern is the limited amount of memory available on the GPU. However, significant reductions in computational time – up to 100 times speedup – are achieved in the present study, and possible also on a standard desktop computer equipped with a GPU

    Pay for disease or invest in health?

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    To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field.HjĂ€rt–kĂ€rlsjukdom Ă€r den ledande enskilda orsaken till död och ohĂ€lsa i vĂ„r del av vĂ€rlden. Den medicinska och ekonomiska bördan av dessa sjukdomar Ă€r enorm. Även om nyinsjuknandet och dödligheten i tex hjĂ€rtinfarkt har minskat i vĂ„rt land, liksom i mĂ„nga europeiska lĂ€nder, Ă€r antalet mĂ€nniskor som insjuknar i förtid och som lever med resttillstĂ„nd efter olika hjĂ€rt–kĂ€rlsjukdomar snarast i stigande, vilket sammanhĂ€nger med att vi lever lĂ€ngre och att överlevnaden efter hjĂ€rtinfarkt och slaganfall har ökat. Största delen av dessa sjukdomar liksom av andra kroniska, icke-smittsamma sjukdomar (cancer, lungsjukdom, diabetes osv) sammanhĂ€nger med pĂ„verkbara, livsstilsrelaterade riskfaktorer. HĂ€lsosamma val, dvs bra mat, fysisk aktivitet, frĂ„nvaro av tobaksbruk och undvikande av överkonsumtion av alkohol, kan förhindra eller i vart fall fördröja ett insjuknande. Den medicinska professionen bör ta som sin uppgift att i samverkan med politiker, hĂ€lsovĂ„rdsadministratörer och medier upplysa allmĂ€nheten om dessa enkla fakta. Genom kloka policybeslut kan man underlĂ€tta för befolkningen att göra hĂ€lsosamma val redan frĂ„n de tidiga barnaĂ„ren och genom hela livscykeln

    En kvalitativ studie av hur fritidslÀrares förhÄllningssÀtt skapar utrymme för lek.

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    Fritidshemmet ska enligt ”Läroplan för grundskolan, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet” (Lgr22, 2022, s.25) stimulera barnens utveckling och lĂ€rande samt erbjuda en meningsfull fritid. Barn behöver dels ges utrymme att vara sina egna aktörer med tillrĂ€ckligt mycket fri tid och fri lek. Fritiden kan pĂ„ sĂ„ sĂ€tt upplevas som glĂ€djerik och meningsfull. Samtidigt behöver barnen genom lĂ€rarnas olika förhĂ„llningssĂ€tt och interaktion utmanas och inspireras mot utveckling och lĂ€rande samt stöttas i det sociala relationsarbetet. Detta kan beskrivas som ett mĂ„ngfacetterat uppdrag, dĂ€r lĂ€rare medvetet behöver inta olika didaktiska positioner för att stödja barns aktörskap. Syftet med denna studie Ă€r att undersöka vilka förhĂ„llningssĂ€tt som lĂ€rare i fritidshem intar i relation till barns lek, hur de i sitt förhĂ„llningssĂ€tt skapar utrymme för lek och vidare agerar för att berika barns utveckling i relation till leken. Med utgĂ„ngspunkt i syfte och frĂ„gestĂ€llningar har vi valt att i tidigare forskning fördjupa oss i lĂ€rares förhĂ„llningssĂ€tt och lĂ€rande genom lek, dĂ„ dessa stĂ€ndigt Ă„terkommer i relation till varandra i bĂ„de teori och praktik. Studien ramas in av barndomssociologiska utgĂ„ngspunkter för att synliggöra och fördjupa förstĂ„elsen av lĂ€rarnas tankar och praktik. Analysens metodval bestĂ„r av intervjuer och observationer. Dessa genomfördes pĂ„ tre fritidshem pĂ„ tvĂ„ olika skolor. Sammantaget intervjuades Ă„tta lĂ€rare och observationer genomfördes pĂ„ alla nĂ€rvarande lĂ€rare i samtliga fritidshem. Slutsatsen Ă€r att lĂ€rarnas syn pĂ„ lek prĂ€glas av egen uppvĂ€xt, erfarenhet, personlighet och utbildning. LĂ€rarna vĂ€rdesĂ€tter och ger utrymme för leken i sin egen rĂ€tt samtidigt som de lyfter den som ett viktigt medel för lĂ€rande. Synen pĂ„ lek pĂ„verkar lĂ€rarnas förhĂ„llningssĂ€tt. De förhĂ„llningssĂ€tt som synliggjorts genom analys Ă€r möjliggörare, nĂ€rvarande men inte deltagande, övervakare, medvetet frĂ„nvarande och delaktig vid behov. LĂ€rarna möter fritidshemmets uppdrag genom flexibilitet och skapar utrymme för lek genom att pendla mellan dessa positioner. Parallellt pĂ„verkas verksamheten av ramfaktorer som begrĂ€nsar lĂ€rarna i deras förhĂ„llningssĂ€tt, vilket ocksĂ„ leder till att lĂ€rarnas möjligheter till att skapa utrymme för lek minskar

    Digitaliserad Storytelling

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    Sammanfattning Examensarbetets titel: Digitaliserad Storytelling – En fallstudie om att bygga IKEAs varumĂ€rke genom berĂ€ttelser Seminariedatum: 2013-06-05 Ämne/kurs: FEKH29, Examensarbete kandidatnivĂ„ i marknadsföring, 15 högskolepoĂ€ng Författare: Evelina Dahlman, Madeleine Hjalmarsson och Lovisa Mellbin Handledare: Fil. Dr. Clara Gustafsson Fem nyckelord: Storytelling, digitala medier, varumĂ€rke, emotionalitet, IKEA Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen, för att bidra till teorier om varumĂ€rke och storytelling, Ă€r att undersöka vad det Ă€r som gör IKEAs varumĂ€rke starkt och huruvida storytelling Ă€r en bidragande faktor till detta, samt finna svar pĂ„ hur IKEA bör förhĂ„lla sig till digitala medier för att kommunicera sina berĂ€ttelser. Metod: Uppsatsen Ă€r en kvalitativ studie vilken har genomförts utifrĂ„n ett hermeneutiskt förhĂ„llningssĂ€tt. Ansatsen Ă€r en kombination av deduktion och induktion. PrimĂ€rdata till studien baseras pĂ„ semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer och fokusgrupper. Studiens sekundĂ€rdata Ă€r mestadels vetenskapliga artiklar. Teoretiska perspektiv: Den teoretiska referensram som anvĂ€nds i studien berör frĂ€mst varumĂ€rke, storytelling, emotionell marknadsföring och digitala medier. Empiri: Studieobjektet Ă€r IKEA och har studerats utifrĂ„n olika delar av organisationen genom nio djupintervjuer med anstĂ€llda pĂ„ IKEA och fokusgrupper med tretton konsumenter till IKEA. Resultat: Studiens resultat visar att storytelling som marknadsföringsverktyg Ă€r en bidragande faktor till IKEAs varumĂ€rkesstyrka. Det visar sig att emotionella faktorer Ă€r viktigt i IKEAs kommunikation för relationsskapandet till dess intressenter. Det empiriska resultatet bidrar till en sammanfattande modell baserad pĂ„ en tidigare teoretisk varumĂ€rkesmodell. Denna indikerar pĂ„ vikten av yttre faktorer sĂ„som digitala medier som IKEA bör anpassa sin kommunikation till för att bevara sitt starka varumĂ€rke.Abstract Title: Digitalized Storytelling – a case study of how IKEA builds its brand through stories Seminar date: 2013-06-05 Course: FEKH29, Degree Project Undergraduate level, Business Administration, Undergraduate level, 15 University Credit Points Authors: Evelina Dahlman, Madeleine Hjalmarsson och Lovisa Mellbin Advisor: Phil.dr. Clara Gustafsson Key words: storytelling, digital media, brand, emotionality, IKEA Purpose: The purpose of this essay, to contribute to theories of brands and storytelling, is to examine what it is about IKEA that makes it to a strong brand and to what extent the marketing concept storytelling contributes to this strength, as well as finding out how IKEA should behave regarding the digital media when communicating its stories. Methodology: This qualitative study has been conducted by using a hermeneutic approach. The study is a combination of a deductive, as well as an inductive, process. The primary data to this study is based from semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The secondary data is primary scientific publications. Theoretical perspectives: The theoretical framework in this study is primary branding, storytelling, emotive marketing and digital media. Empirical foundation: The study object is IKEA which has been examined through nine interviews with employees from different divisions of the organization and through focus groups existing of thirteen customers to the corporation. Conclusions: The conclusion of the study is that storytelling is an important marketing tool for IKEA and its brand building. What can be said by the result is that emotive elements are of great value for IKEA when communicating with stakeholders. The empirical foundation is contributing to a synthesis model, which is based on an earlier theoretical branding model. This synthesis model indicates the importance for IKEA of being attentive to external factors, such as digital media, in its marketing and communication to make sure to preserve its strong brand

    Effect of semaglutide on major adverse cardiovascular events by baseline kidney parameters in participants with type 2 diabetes and at high risk of cardiovascular disease:SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6 post hoc pooled analysis

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    Background: Semaglutide is a glucose-lowering treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D) with demonstrated cardiovascular benefits; semaglutide may also have kidney-protective effects. This post hoc analysis investigated the association between major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and baseline kidney parameters and whether the effect of semaglutide on MACE risk was impacted by baseline kidney parameters in people with T2D at high cardiovascular risk.Methods: Participants from the SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6 trials, receiving semaglutide or placebo, were categorised according to baseline kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] &lt; 45 and ≄ 45–&lt;60 versus ≄ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) or damage (urine albumin:creatinine ratio [UACR] ≄ 30–≀300 and &gt; 300 versus &lt; 30 mg/g). Relative risk of first MACE by baseline kidney parameters was evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards model. The same model, adjusted with inverse probability weighting, and a quadratic spline regression were applied to evaluate the effect of semaglutide on risk and event rate of first MACE across subgroups. The semaglutide effects on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight (BW) and serious adverse events (SAEs) across subgroups were also evaluated.Results: Independently of treatment, participants with reduced kidney function (eGFR ≄ 45–&lt;60 and &lt; 45 mL/min/1.73 m2: hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]; 1.36 [1.04;1.76] and 1.52 [1.15;1.99]) and increased albuminuria (UACR ≄ 30–≀300 and &gt; 300 mg/g: 1.53 [1.14;2.04] and 2.52 [1.84;3.42]) had an increased MACE risk versus those without. Semaglutide consistently reduced MACE risk versus placebo across all eGFR and UACR subgroups (interaction p value [pINT] &gt; 0.05). Semaglutide reduced HbA1c regardless of baseline eGFR and UACR (pINT&gt;0.05); reductions in BW were affected by baseline eGFR (pINT&lt;0.001) but not UACR (pINT&gt;0.05). More participants in the lower eGFR or higher UACR subgroups experienced SAEs versus participants in reference groups; the number of SAEs was similar between semaglutide and placebo arms in each subgroup.Conclusions: MACE risk was greater for participants with kidney impairment or damage than for those without. Semaglutide consistently reduced MACE risk across eGFR and UACR subgroups, indicating that semaglutide provides cardiovascular benefits in people with T2D and at high cardiovascular risk across a broad spectrum of kidney function and damage.Trial registrations: NCT01720446; NCT02692716.</p

    The Prognostic Value of Fasting Plasma Glucose, Two-Hour Postload Glucose, and HbA 1c in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Report From EUROASPIRE IV

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    OBJECTIVE Three tests are recommended for identifying dysglycemia: fasting glucose (FPG), 2-h postload glucose (2h-PG) from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). This study explored the prognostic value of these screening tests in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS FPG, 2h-PG, and HbA1c were used to screen 4,004 CAD patients without a history of diabetes (age 18–80 years) for dysglycemia. The prognostic value of these tests was studied after 2 years of follow-up. The primary end point included cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure and a secondary end point of incident diabetes. RESULTS Complete information including all three glycemic parameters was available in 3,775 patients (94.3%), of whom 246 (6.5%) experienced the primary end point. Neither FPG nor HbA1c predicted the primary outcome, whereas the 2h-PG, dichotomized as <7.8 vs. ≄7.8 mmol/L, was a significant predictor (hazard ratio 1.38, 95% CI 1.07–1.78; P = 0.01). During follow-up, diabetes developed in 78 of the 2,609 patients (3.0%) without diabetes at baseline. An FPG between 6.1 and 6.9 mmol/L did not predict incident diabetes, whereas HbA1c 5.7–6.5% and 2h-PG 7.8–11.0 mmol/L were both significant independent predictors. CONCLUSIONS The 2h-PG, in contrast to FPG and HbA1c, provides significant prognostic information regarding cardiovascular events in patients with CAD. Furthermore, elevated 2h-PG and HbA1c are significant prognostic indicators of an increased risk of incident diabetes

    Adiponectin, free fatty acids, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome

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    OBJECTIVE: In observational cohorts, adiponectin is inversely associated and free fatty acids (FFAs) are directly associated with incident coronary heart disease (CHD). Adiponectin tends to be reduced and FFAs elevated in type 2 diabetes. We investigated relationships of adiponectin and FFA and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and death in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and type 2 diabetes using data from the AleCardio trial, which compared the PPAR-α/γ agonist aleglitazar with placebo. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using Cox regression adjusted for demographic, laboratory, and treatment variables, we determined associations of baseline adiponectin and FFAs, or the change in adiponectin and FFAs from baseline, with MACEs (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) and death. RESULTS: A twofold higher baseline adiponectin (n = 6,998) was directly associated with risk of MACEs (hazard ratio [HR] 1.17 [95% CI 1.08-1.27]) and death (HR 1.53 [95% CI 1.35-1.73]). A doubling of adiponectin from baseline to month 3 (n = 6,325) was also associated with risk of death (HR 1.20 [95% CI 1.03-1.41]). Baseline FFAs (n = 7,038), but not change in FFAs from baseline (n = 6,365), were directly associated with greater risk of MACEs and death. There were no interactions with study treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to prior observational data for incident CHD, adiponectin is prospectively associated with MACEs and death in patients with type 2 diabetes and ACS, and an increase in adiponectin from baseline is directly related to death. These findings raise the possibility that adiponectin has different effects in patients with type 2 diabetes and ACS than in populations without prevalent cardiovascular disease. Consistent with prior data, FFAs are directly associated with adverse outcomes
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