Developing the ERP Pre-Mortem Framework: Addressing the Debate Over Organizational Learning

Organizational learning (OL) is a major weakness for ERP project implementation. Exploratory research interviews of ERP managers/consultants support this finding. Many organizations do not implement proper procedures that effectuate valid learning experiences from failures endured. The literature suggests that effective OL involves complex ongoing processes requiring pervasive knowledge management and organizational memory systems (Jennex and Olfman, 2002). One example of an OL failure is FEMA’s experience with the pre-Katrina “Hurricane Pam” exercise. Alternatively, an example of OL success is found in the U.S. Navy’s methods and procedures. There is considerable similarity between managing ERP systems and managing high reliability system environments like those of FEMA and the US Navy. Given both the failures and successes in the area of OL, it is evident that further research is required if the phenomena is to be more fully understood

Tyttökoulujen kasvioppi

Varustettu 8 väritaululla, 486 tekstiin painetulla kuvalla ja kasvimaantieteellisellä kartall

Suomen kuorettomat ja kuorelliset etanat

Ylipainos Luonnon ystävästä [6, ss. 161-185

Does low-energy sweetener consumption affect energy intake and body weight? A systematic review, including meta-analyses, of the evidence from human and animal studies

By reducing energy density, low-energy sweeteners (LES) might be expected to reduce energy intake (EI) and body weight (BW). To assess the totality of the evidence testing the null hypothesis that LES exposure (versus sugars or unsweetened alternatives) has no effect on EI or BW, we conducted a systematic review of relevant studies in animals and humans consuming LES with ad libitum access to food energy. In 62 of 90 animal studies exposure to LES did not affect or decreased BW. Of 28 reporting increased BW, 19 compared LES with glucose exposure using a specific ‘learning’ paradigm. Twelve prospective cohort studies in humans reported inconsistent associations between LES use and Body Mass Index (-0.002 kg/m2/year, 95%CI -0.009 to 0.005). Meta-analysis of short- term randomized controlled trials (RCTs, 129 comparisons) showed reduced total EI for LES- versus sugar-sweetened food or beverage consumption before an ad libitum meal (-94 kcal, 95%CI -122 to -66), with no difference versus water (-2 kcal, 95%CI -30 to 26). This was consistent with EI results from sustained intervention RCTs (10 comparisons). Meta-analysis of sustained intervention RCTs (4 weeks to 40 months) showed that consumption of LES versus sugar led to relatively reduced BW (nine comparisons; -1.35 kg, 95%CI –2.28 to - 0.42), and a similar relative reduction in BW versus water (three comparisons; -1.24 kg, 95%CI –2.22 to -0.26). Most animal studies did not mimic LES consumption by humans, and reverse causation may influence the results of prospective cohort studies. The preponderance of evidence from all human RCTs indicates that LES do not increase EI or BW, whether compared with caloric or non-caloric (e.g., water) control conditions. Overall, the balance of evidence indicates that use of LES in place of sugar, in children and adults, leads to reduced EI and BW, and possibly also when compared with water

Sweet taste exposure and the subsequent acceptance and preference for sweet taste in the diet : systematic review of the published literature

Background: There are consistent, evidence-based global public health recommendations to reduce intakes of free sugars. However, the corresponding evidence for recommending reduced exposure to sweetness is less clear. Objective: Our aim was to identify and review the published evidence investigating the impact of dietary exposure to sweet-tasting foods or beverages on the subsequent generalized acceptance, preference, or choice of sweet foods and beverages in the diet. Design: Systematic searches were conducted to identify all studies testing relations of variation in exposure to sweetness through foods and beverages with subsequent variation in the generalized acceptance, preference, or choice of sweetened foods or beverages, in humans aged >6 mo. Results: Twenty-one studies met our inclusion criteria, comprising 7 population cohort studies involving 2320 children and 14 controlled trials involving 1113 individuals. These studies were heterogeneous in study design, population, exposure, and outcomes measured, and few were explicitly designed to address our research question. The findings from these were inconsistent. We found equivocal evidence from population cohort studies. The evidence from controlled studies suggests that a higher sweet taste exposure tends to lead to reduced preferences for sweetness in the shorter term, but very limited effects were found in the longer term. Conclusions: A small and heterogeneous body of research currently has considered the impact of varying exposure to sweet taste on subsequent generalized sweet taste preferences, and this evidence is equivocal regarding the presence and possible direction of a relation. Future work should focus on adequately powered studies with well-characterized exposures of sufficient duration.Peer reviewe

Vertebrata fennica, sive fauna animalium vertebratorum regionis Fennicæ naturalis

Varustettu 215 puupiirroksella, 10 levenemistaululla ja luonnontieteellisen Suomen kartalla

Tratamiento de las fracturas de la extremidad proximal del fémur con el clavo Claufitt

El objetivo de este trabajo fue la valoración de los resultados con el clavo Claufitt en pacientes afectados de fracturas en la extremidad proximal del fémur. Desde octubre de 1997 hasta enero de 2000 fueron tratados en nuestro Servicio 103 pacientes con este implante, 73 pacientes (73 fracturas) fueron controlados durantes su estancia hospitalaria y mensualmente hasta el sexo mes postintervención. Se consiguió la consolidación de la fractura en 72 casos, apareciendo un 11% de complicaciones postoperatorias. Tres casos de migración superior de los tornillos proximales en la articulación de la cadera, fueron las complicaciones más importantes. Las complicaciones interoperatorias fueron atribuidas a errores técnicos. El porcentaje de complicaciones postoperatorias fue similar al de las series publicadas con el clavo Gamma, necesitando mejorar el sistema de bloqueo proximal para evitar las protrusiones en el cotilo.The objective of this work was to assess to clinical results with the Claufitt nail in the treatment of fractures of the proximal femur. From Octover 1997 to January 2000, 103 patients were treated with this implant, 73 patients (73 fractures) were studied during their hospital stay and followed up monthly at 6 months. Consolidation of the fracture occurred in 72 cases, the incidence of per operative complications was 11% and there were 11% postoperative complications. Three cases of superior cut out the proximal screws, three shaft fractures and two cases of screw penetration to hip joint were the most important complications. Per operative complications were attributable to technical errors. We had a percentage of postoperative complications similar to Gamma nail series, needing to improve the proximal lock screw system to avoid hip penetration