8 research outputs found
Identification of the target genes of AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 transcription factors reveals their regulatory network in Arachis hypogaea cv. Tifrunner using DAP-seq
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) have been identified as important core regulators in the responses of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an important oil and protein crop. Previous studies have identified hundreds of WRKY TFs in peanut. However, their functions and regulatory networks remain unclear. Simultaneously, the AdWRKY40 TF is involved in drought tolerance in Arachis duranensis and has an orthologous relationship with the AhTWRKY24 TF, which has a homoeologous relationship with AhTWRKY106 TF in A. hypogaea cv. Tifrunner. To reveal how the homoeologous AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs regulate the downstream genes, DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) was performed to detect the binding sites of TFs at the genome-wide level. A total of 3486 downstream genes were identified that were collectively regulated by the AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs. The results revealed that W-box elements were the binding sites for regulation of the downstream genes by AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs. A gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that these downstream genes were enriched in protein modification and reproduction in the biological process. In addition, RNA-seq data showed that the AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs regulate differentially expressed genes involved in the response to drought stress. The AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs can specifically regulate downstream genes, and they nearly equal the numbers of downstream genes from the two A. hypogaea cv. Tifrunner subgenomes. These results provide a theoretical basis to study the functions and regulatory networks of AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs
Metathesis Cyclopolymerization of Imidazolium-Functionalized 1,6-Heptadiyne toward Polyacetylene Ionomer
Metathesis cyclopolymerization (MCP)
of ionic 1,6-heptadiyne is successfully applied to synthesize polyacetylene
(PA) ionomer in different solvents especially in imidazolium-based
ionic liquid (IL), and MCP of ionic monomer in the mixture of THF/IL
proceeded in a controlled manner by the action of Grubbs second and
third generation catalysts (<b>Ru–II</b>, <b>Ru–III</b>). The influence of catalysts and solvents on polymerization behavior
and chain microstructure was investigated, and the results revealed
that the isolated polymer yield could reach to 97% and 82% by <b>Ru–III</b> and <b>Ru–II</b>, respectively,
in 1:2 THF/IL after optimization, and PAs incorporating imidazolium
pendent contained ≥95% five-membered-ring structure and almost
all <i>trans-</i>double bonds along the backbone. PAs formed
in different solvents reflected significant variance in optical absorption
properties, and a bathochromic shift effect was observed with the
mixture of THF/IL