Os limites de políticas públicas voltadas para agricultura familiar em promover organização social: o caso do assentamento 23 de Maio

O presente trabalho analisa os limites do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) e Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) em promover a organização social de agricultores familiares a partir do estudo de caso do assentamento 23 de Maio, localizado na região sudoeste do estado de São Paulo. Os resultados ora apresentados se basearam nas respostas atribuídas a dois questionários aplicados respectivamente aos assentados e ao gestor da associação existente no assentamento. Os resultados evidenciaram uma baixa participação dos agricultores nos processos administrativos e decisórios da associação, bem como que a associação tem atuado quase que exclusivamente como intermediária para a inserção da produção dos associados em mercados institucionais. A pesquisa também permitiu compreender pontos considerados negativos pelos agricultores em relação a sua participação em ambos os programas. Conclui-se que para o PAA e o PNAE promoverem a organização social de agricultores familiares assentados e assim serem mais eficientes no apoio à agricultura familiar, se faz necessária sua articulação com outras políticas públicas voltadas para este público

Alterações gastrointestinais no Diabetes mellitus: revisão sistemática: Gastrointestinal alterations in Diabetes mellitus: a systematic review

Introdução: O diabetes mellitus pode levar a diversas alterações. Dentre elas, aquelas gastrointestinais, que acarretam inúmeros problemas ao indivíduo e sua qualidade de vida. Destaca-se, então, que compreender essas alterações constitui-se como de grande importância para que auxilie o indivíduo em sua vida cotidiana. Assim, questionando acerca das alterações gastrointestinais no diabetes mellitus, realizou-se o estudo. Objetivo: analisar através da literatura atual as alterações gastrointestinais no diabetes mellitus. Método: revisão sistemática de literatura, através da busca nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (Medline) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), utilizando-se os descritores em Saúde (DeCS), Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) e Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), como: Diabetes Mellitus, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus type 1, Diabetes Mellitus type 2, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Gut Microbiota, Gastrointestinal Tract, GI Tract, Lower Gastrointestinal Tract, Upper Gastrointestinal Tract. Resultado: A amostra final do estudo foi composta por 10 artigos científicos, nos quais se evidenciou que além de afetar a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos, as alterações gastrointestinais no diabetes ocasiona diversas complicações. Assim, para auxílio deste indivíduo torna-se fundamental a manutenção de um bom controle glicêmico. Conclusão: Os artigos remeteram a necessidade de novos estudos sobre a temática, principalmente quanto a fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento das alterações gastrointestinais

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Hidranencefalia em feto equino: relato de caso

The hydranencephaly in horses is rare, but is described in other species. It is characterized as a process of destruction of the brain lobes that may be caused as a result of intrauterine viral infection or caused by changes in the uterine vasculature. The reports about this disease are scarce and as such, this paper aims at describing a case of hydranencephaly in equine fetus.Aunque ha sido descrita en otras especies, la hidranencefalia en caballos es un padecimiento raro, Esta anormalidad se caracteriza por un proceso de destrucción de los lóbulos del cerebelo que puede ser provocado por infección viral intrauterina o por cambios vasculares uterinos. Los reportes acerca de esta enfermedad son escasos. Así, este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la presencia de hidranencefalia en un feto equino.A hidranencefalia em equinos é considerada rara, mas é relatada em outras espécies. É caracterizado como um processo de destruição dos lóbulos cerebrais que pode ser causada em decorrência da infecção viral intrauterina ou por alterações na vascularização uterina. Os relatos a respeito de tal patologia são escassos e por tal, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo a descrição de um caso de hidranencefalia em feto equino

Homeostatic model assessment of adiponectin (HOMA-Adiponectin) as a surrogate measure of insulin resistance in adolescents: comparison with the hyperglycaemic clamp and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance

Background Studies on adults have reported inverse association between the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) of adiponectin (HOMA-Adiponectin) and the insulin resistance assessed by the glucose clamp technique. To our knowledge, in the pediatric population this association has not been previously investigated. Objectives To evaluate the association between the HOMA-Adiponectin and the insulin resistance assessed by the glucose clamp technique in adolescents, and to compare the accuracy of HOMA-Adiponectin and HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) for identifying insulin resistance. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 56 adolescents (aged 1018 years). Insulin resistance was assessed using the HOMA-IR, HOMA-Adiponectin and the hyperglycaemic clamp technique. The clamp-derived insulin sensitivity index, HOMA-Adiponectin, and HOMA-IR were log-transformed to get closer to a normal distribution before analysis. Results In the multivariable linear regression analysis controlling for sex and Tanner stage, HOMA-Adiponectin was inversely associated with the clamp-derived insulin sensitivity index (unstandardized coefficient [B] = -0.441; P < 0.001). After additional adjustment for waist circumference-to-height ratio, this association remained significant (B = -0.349; P = < 0.001). Similar results were observed when HOMA-IR replaced HOMA-Adiponectin in the model (B = -1.049 and B = -0.968 after additional adjustment for waist circumference-to-height ratio); all P < 0.001. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting insulin resistance was 0.712 (P = 0.02) for HOMA-Adiponectin and 0.859 (P < 0.0001) HOMA-IR. Conclusions The HOMA-Adiponectin was independently associated with insulin resistance and exhibited a good discriminatory power for predicting it. However, it did not show superiority over HOMA-IR in the diagnostic accuracy143CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP563664/2010-02013/21476-