Стадії укладення договору лізингу

Узагальнено вітчизняний та зарубіжний досвід укладання лізингових угод. Здійснено структуризацію стадій лізингового процесу. Ключові слова: лізингова угода, лізингодавець, лізингоодержувач.Обобщен отечественный и зарубежный опыт заключения лизинговых соглашений. Осуществлена структуризация стадий лизингового процесса. Ключевые слова: лизинговое соглашение, лизингодатель, лизингополучатель.The generalization of the domestic and international experience in the concluding of leasing agreements is aimed in this article. The consecutive examination of the stages of leasing process is set up structurally. Key words: lease contract, leasee, leasor

Homoclinic puzzles and chaos in a nonlinear laser model

We present a case study elaborating on the multiplicity and self-similarity of homoclinic and heteroclinic bifurcation structures in the 2D and 3D parameter spaces of a nonlinear laser model with a Lorenz-like chaotic attractor. In a symbiotic approach combining the traditional parameter continuation methods using MatCont and a newly developed technique called the Deterministic Chaos Prospector (DCP) utilizing symbolic dynamics on fast parallel computing hardware with graphics processing units (GPUs), we exhibit how specific codimension-two bifurcations originate and pattern regions of chaotic and simple dynamics in this classical model. We show detailed computational reconstructions of key bifurcation structures such as Bykov T-point spirals and inclination flips in 2D parameter space, as well as the spatial organization and 3D embedding of bifurcation surfaces, parametric saddles, and isolated closed curves (isolas).Comment: 28 pages, 23 figure

Tuning the excited state of photoactive building blocks for metal-templated self-assembly.

The reaction of 2,2':4,4'':4',4'''-quaterpyridyl (qtpy), with d(6) ruthenium(II) (Ru(II) ), and rhenium(I) (Re(I) ) metal centers has been investigated. The pendant pyridyl groups on the products have also been methylated to produce a second series of complexes containing coordinated Meqtpy(2+). The absorption spectra of the complexes are dominated by intraligand and charge-transfer bands. The ruthenium(II) complexes display broad unstructured luminescence consistent with emission from a Ru(d)→diimine(π*) manifold in acetonitrile solutions. In aqueous solutions, their emissions are weaker and the lifetimes are shorter. This effect is particularly acute for complexes incorporating coordinated dipyridylpyrazine, dppz, ligands. Although the emission of the ruthenium(II) complexes containing Meqtpy(2+) is generally shorter than their qtpy analogs, it is notable that solvent-dependent effects are much less intense. The rhenium(I) complexes also display broad unstructured luminescence but, compared with the ruthenium(II) systems, they have a relatively short lifetime in acetonitrile. Electrochemical studies reveal that all of the Ru(II) complexes display chemically reversible metal-based oxidations. Re(I) complexes only display irreversible metal-based oxidations. In most cases, the reduction processes were not fully chemically reversible. The electrochemical and optical studies reveal that the nature of the lowest excited state of these complexes--particularly, the systems incorporating dppz--is highly dependent on the nature of the coordinated ligands. Calculations indicate that, although the excited state of most of the complexes is centered on the qtpy or Meqtpy(2+) ligands, the excited state of the complexes containing dppz ligands is switched away from the dppz by qtpy methylation. A crystallographic study on one of the dicationic ruthenium(II) structures reveals that it forms an inclusion complex with benzene

Comparative analysis of radiation dose and low contrast detail detectability using routine paediatric chest radiography protocols

Objectives: To compare low contrast detail (LCD) detectability and radiation dose for routine paediatric chest X-ray (CXR) imaging protocols among various hospitals. Methods: CDRAD 2.0 phantom and medical grade polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) slabs were used to simulate the chest region of four different paediatric age groups. Radiographic acquisitions were undertaken on 17 X-ray machines located in eight hospitals using their existing CXR protocols. LCD detectability represented by image quality figure inverse (IQFinv) was measured physically using the CDRAD analyser software. Incident air kerma (IAK) measurements were obtained using a solid-state dosimeter. Results: The range of IQFinv, between and within the hospitals, was 1.40-4.44 and 1.52-2.18, respectively for neonates; 0.96-4.73 and 2.33-4.73 for a 1-year old; 0.87-1.81 and 0.98-1.46 for a 5-year old and 0.90-2.39 and 1.27-2.39 for a 10-year old. The range of IAK, between and within the hospitals, was 8.56-52.62 µGy and 21.79-52.62 µGy, respectively for neonates; 5.44-82.82 µGy and 36.78-82.82 µGy for a 1-year old; 10.97-59.22 µGy and 11.75-52.94 µGy for a 5-year old and 13.97-100.77 µGy and 35.72-100.77 µGy for a 10-year old. Conclusions: Results show considerable variation, between and within hospitals, in the LCD detectability and IAK. Further radiation dose optimisation for the four paediatric age groups, especially in hospitals /X-ray rooms with low LCD detectability and high IAK, are required. Keywords: Paediatric chest radiography, CDRAD phantom, low contrast detail detectability and radiation dose

Slowing heavy, ground-state molecules using an alternating gradient decelerator

Cold supersonic beams of molecules can be slowed down using a switched sequence of electrostatic field gradients. The energy to be removed is proportional to the mass of the molecules. Here we report deceleration of YbF, which is 7 times heavier than any molecule previously decelerated. We use an alternating gradient structure to decelerate and focus the molecules in their ground state. We show that the decelerator exhibits the axial and transverse stability required to bring these molecules to rest. Our work significantly extends the range of molecules amenable to this powerful method of cooling and trapping.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

THE FOLD-FLIP BIFURCATION

International audienceThe fold-flip bifurcation occurs if a map has a fixed point with multipliers +1 and −1 simultaneously. In this paper the normal form of this singularity is calculated explicitly. Both local and global bifurcations of the unfolding are analyzed by exploring a close relationship between the derived normal form and the truncated amplitude system for the fold-Hopf bifurcation of ODEs. Two examples are presented, the generalized Hénon map and an extension of the Lorenz-84 model. In the latter example the first-, second- and third-order derivatives of the Poincaré map are computed using variational equations to find the normal form coefficients

Planned dose of intensity modulated proton beam therapy versus volumetric modulated arch therapy to tooth-bearing regions

Background: Intensity modulated proton beam therapy (IMPT) for head and neck cancer offers dosimetric benefits for the organs at risk when compared to photon-based volumetric modulated arch therapy (VMAT). However, limited data exists about the potential benefits of IMPT for tooth-bearing regions. The aim of this study was to compare the IMPT and VMAT radiation dosimetrics of the tooth-bearing regions in head and neck cancer patients. Also, we aimed to identify prognostic factors for a cumulative radiation dose of ≥40 Gy on the tooth-bearing areas, which is considered the threshold dose for prophylactic dental extractions. Methods: A total of 121 head and neck cancer patients were included in this retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. We compared the average Dmean values of IMPT versus VMAT of multiple tooth-bearing regions in the same patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for receiving a cumulative radiation dose of ≥40 Gy to the tooth-bearing regions (primary endpoint) in both VMAT and IMPT. Results: A lower Dmean was seen after applying IMPT to the tooth-bearing tumour regions (p &lt; 0.001). Regarding VMAT, oral cavity tumours, T3-T4 tumours, molar regions in the mandible, and regions ipsilateral to the tumour were risk factors for receiving a cumulative radiation dose of ≥40 Gy. Conclusions: IMPT significantly reduces the radiation dose to the tooth-bearing regions.</p