The relationship between intake of fruits, vegetables and dairy products with overweight and obesity in a large sample in Iran: Findings of STEPS 2016

BackgroundThe present study aimed to investigate the association between fruits and vegetables (FVs) and dairy product intake with body weight based on the data from the nationwide Stepwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) survey in Iran.MethodsSTEPS is a national-based cross-sectional study conducted on 3,0541 people selected by stratified cluster random sampling in Iran from April to November 2016. The outcome of the current study was body mass index (BMI) which was classified as normal weight, underweight, overweight, and obese. Also, as exposure variables, dietary intakes of fruits, vegetables and dairy products were extracted from the STEPS questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between dairy products, FVs consumption, and BMI category in the crude and adjusted models.ResultsIn the adjusted model, we observed 41% [odd ratio (OR) = 0.59; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.50, 0.68, P < 0.001], 27% (OR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.84, P < 0.001), and 26% (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.87, P < 0.001) lower odds of being overweight, and 46% (OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.64, P < 0.001), 29% (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.84, P < 0.001), and 21% (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.95, P = 0.014) decrease in obesity odds among the participants who consumed 1, 2, and more than 2 servings of fruits per day in comparison to less than one serving, respectively. Also, we observed participants who consumed 1, 2, and more than 2 servings in comparison to less than one serving of dairy products per day had 31% (OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.81, P < 0.001), 23% (OR = 0.77; 95 %CI: 0.65, 0.91, P = 0.002), and 21% (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.94, P = 0.011) lower odds of being overweight and 47% (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.64, P < 0.001), 36% (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.77, P < 0.001), and 32% (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.83, P < 0.001) lower odds of obesity, respectively. In addition, compared to participants who consumed less than 2 servings of vegetables per day, participants who consumed 2, 3, and more than 3 servings had 40% (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.76, P < 0.001), 29% (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.90, P = 0.006), and 26% (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.96, P = 0.027) lower odds of being overweight, respectively. Furthermore, we observed 36% lower odds of obesity among participants who ate 2 servings of vegetables per day compared to less than 2 serving (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.84, P = 0.002).ConclusionOur findings showed that intake of FVs and dairy products is associated with a healthier weight status in adults. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings

The association between healthy eating index score with semen parameters in infertile men: A cross-sectional study

Background: Infertility has been a major problem for young couples in recent years. One way to assay the diet quality is the healthy eating index (HEI), related to infertility. Objective: This study aims to assess the association between the HEI score with semen parameters in Iranian infertile men. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and sixty eligible men (18-55 yr), were referred to the major infertility clinic in the summer of 2018 and entered this cross-sectional study. Based on the 5th edition of the world health organization laboratory manual, semen parameters including sperm concentration, volume, motility, and morphology were analyzed, and to specify the dietary intake of individuals a 168-item questionnaire was used. Also, to calculate the total HEI score, all 13 components based on HEI-2015 components and scoring standards were summed up. Results: Participants in the highest tertile, had no difference in mean sperm parameters with those in the lowest tertile in the crude model. No significant association was found between sperm parameters and HEI score tertiles in the crude model, even after adjustment for potential confounders, except for concentration (OR: 0.39 and CI: 0.15, 0.99, p = 0.04). Participants in the highest tertile had a lower risk of abnormal concentration and motility in the crude model. The risk of abnormal concentration decreased, and motility increased in the adjusted model. Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study, there was no significant relationship between HEI and sperm indexes, except for sperm concentration. Therefore, more studies need to be done in the future. Key words: Diet, Healthy, Semen analysis, Infertility, Cross-sectional studies

Evaluation of acute renal failure in neonates bedridden in Neonatal Intensive Care Unite (NICU) in Ghaem hospital

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: نارسایی حاد کلیه بصورت یک کاهش ناگهانی شدید در GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) تعریف شده است و در بخش نوزادان شایع می باشد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی انسیدانس، اتیولوژی، شیوه افتراق انواع نارسایی کلیه در نوزادان انجام شد. روش بررسی: در یک مطالعه توصیفی، 750 نوزاد بستری شده در بخش مراقبت های ویژه نوزادان بیمارستان قائم(عج) مشهد، از دی ماه 1384 تا دی ماه 1385، با تشخیص نارسایی کلیوی و بر اساس سونوگرافی و پاسخ به مایع درمانی به دو گروه رنال و پره نال تقسیم بندی شدند. این نوزادان از نظر ریسک فاکتورهای پره ناتال، پری ناتال، پست ناتال ریسک فاکتورهای مادری و محیطی و اندکس های مختلف سرمی و ادراری بررسی و داده ها به کمک آمار توصیفی تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: از 750 بیمار پذیرش شده 38 نوزاد (5) تشخیص نارسایی کلیوی داشتند، که 29 نفر (4/76) نارسایی پره رنال و 9 نفر (6/23) نارسایی رنال داشتند. فاکتورهای مستعد کننده همراه با نارسایی کلیوی شامل آسفیکسی (42)، سندرم غشا هیالن مامبران ((RDS (7/26)، سپسیس (13)، دهیدراتاسیون شدید (13) و بیماری مادرزادی قلبی (2/5) بودند. نتیجه گیری: نارسایی حاد کلیه یک علت مهم مرگ در نوزادان می باشد. شناسایی فاکتورهای مستعد کننده مثل نارس بودن، آسفیکسی، RDS، ونتیلاسیون و کنترل دقیق وضعیت کلیه های نوزادان در این شرایط ضروری است. پیش آگهی نوع پره رنال در صورت مایع درمانی مناسب، خوب بوده ولی در نوع رنال پیش آگهی وابسته به بیمار زمینه‌ای می باشد و مرگ و میر بالاست

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials on the effects of soy and soy products supplementation on serum adiponectin levels

"ackground and aims: Our aim in this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of soy and soy product supplementation on serum adiponectin levels. Method: A systematic search was conducted using Medline (PubMed and Web of Science), Scopus, and Cochrane Library for eligible trials up to August 2020. A random-effects model was used to pool calculated effect sizes. Results: Seven trials were included in the overall analysis. Our analysis showed that soy and soy product supplementation did not significantly affect adiponectin concentrations (WMD ¼ 0.77 mg/ml, 95% CI: 0.61, 2.15, P ¼ 0.27) in comparison with a placebo. The between-study heterogeneity was high (I2: 68.2%, P ¼ 0.004). Subgroup analysis, based on participants’ health status and duration of the supple- mentation, could not detect the potential source of the observed heterogeneity. In addition, subgroup analysis showed that the effect was not statistically significant in all subgroups. Conclusion: Overall, soy and soy product supplementation did not change the circulatory adiponectin levels. In addition, the results were not affected by the participant's health status and duration of sup- plementation. However, further studies are needed to confirm the present results

Comparison between Protective Effects of Resveratrol and Atorvastatin against Atherogenic Dyslipidemia in Rats

Background: Dyslipidemia puts patients at risk of cardiovascular diseases, which are the most cause of premature deaths worldwide. This study determined protective effects of resveratrol (RVL) and atorvastatin (ATV) in rats fed with a high-fat/high-fructose (HFHF) diet were compared for e treatment of atherogenic dyslipidemia.Methods: Thirty-six adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups, including a group fed with a standard diet and three groups fed with a HFHF diet for 12 weeks. In two groups, in addition to HFHF diet, animals received RVL (100 mg/kg) and ATV (10 mg/kg) by gavage. After 12 weeks, levels of body and heart weights, systolic blood pressure(SBP), serum biomarkers of atherogenic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the heart tissue were measured.Results: Rats received the HFHF diet showed an elevation (p<0.05) in body and heart weight, SBP, serum total triglycerides (T-TGs), total cholesterol (T-CHOL), low-density lipoprotein CHOL (LDL-C), insulin resistance, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α), and also, elevated MDA content in the heart tissue. The administration of RVL significantly reduced (p<0.05) heart weight, SBP, serum T-TGs levels, insulin resistance, TNF-α, and cardiac MDA in rats received HFHF diet. On the other hand, the administration of ATV significantly decreased (p<0.05) heart-weight, and serum levels of T-TGs, T-CHOL, LDL-C, and TNF-α.Conclusion: RVL at a dose of 10 mg/kg was not a better protective medication against atherogenic dyslipidemia; but it may be applicable as a complementary medication with ATV

The Effects of Cornus mas Hydro-Methanolic Extract on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Background: Cisplatin (Cis) is a chemotherapeutic agent and nephrotoxicity is a serious adverse effect of the drug. This study investigated the protective effects of Cornus mas fruit hydro-methanolic extract (CME) on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in a rat model. Methods: Forty Wistar rats were divided into the control group, CME group, CME 300 + Cis group, CME 700 + Cis group, and Cis group. After the intervention samples were taken for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Results: The CME analysis showed considerable total antioxidant and total phenol contents. The blood serum urea and creatinine increased (p 0.05). The renal MDA levels of the Cis and CME 300 + Cis groups decreased significantly in comparison to the control and the CME groups (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). In the histopathological examination, mild to severe degeneration was observed in the Cis group. Despite the presence of mild degeneration, they were less severe in the Cis + CME groups, and maintained a better morphology when compared to the Cis group (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The results showed renoprotective effects of CME against Cis-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background: Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods: We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10–54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10–14 years and 50–54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15–19 years and 45–49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-component method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Findings: From 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49\ub74% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46\ub74–52\ub70). The TFR decreased from 4\ub77 livebirths (4\ub75–4\ub79) to 2\ub74 livebirths (2\ub72–2\ub75), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10–19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34–40) to 22 livebirths (19–24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83\ub78 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197\ub72% (193\ub73–200\ub78) since 1950, from 2\ub76 billion (2\ub75–2\ub76) to 7\ub76 billion (7\ub74–7\ub79) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2\ub70%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1\ub71% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2\ub75% in 1963 to 0\ub77% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2\ub77%. The global average age increased from 26\ub76 years in 1950 to 32\ub71 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15–64 years) increased from 59\ub79% to 65\ub73%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1\ub70 livebirths (95% UI 0\ub79–1\ub72) in Cyprus to a high of 7\ub71 livebirths (6\ub78–7\ub74) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0\ub708 livebirths (0\ub707–0\ub709) in South Korea to 2\ub74 livebirths (2\ub72–2\ub76) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (TFO30; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0\ub73 livebirths (0\ub73–0\ub74) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3\ub71 livebirths (3\ub70–3\ub72) in Niger. TFO30 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017. 33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2\ub70% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger. Interpretation: Population trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress. Funding: Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation