Guía de ayuda a niñas y niños afectados por violencia y desastres: Guía No. 6

Las niñas y los niños se tornan, junto con las personas mayores o discapacitadas, en los grupos humanos más vulnerables a la hora de enfrentar desastres naturales o los causados por el ser humano, como la guerra. La intensidad que ha tomado la violencia, especialmente en la zona norte de Ecuador, en la frontera con Colombia, hace necesaria una herramienta práctica que otorgue a las personas adultas que tienen a su cuidado a la población infantil, la capacidad de poner en marcha mecanismos de prevención y manejo de hechos que afecten la vida de la comunidad. Cuando hace años vimos esta guía que fuera editada en el 2002, por primera vez en Colombia, bajo el título “AYUDEMOS A LOS NIÑOS Y LAS NIÑAS AFECTADOS POR EL CONFLICTO”, y publicada por el Comité Andino de Servicios, con el apoyo de American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) y Terre des Hommes (Italia y Alemania), junto con ACNUR, Servicio Jesuita para los Refugiados y el Ministerio de Cooperación de la República Federal Alemana, nos pareció una herramienta imprescindible para trabajar la situación de violencia en ambientes donde la presencia de profesionales es casi imposible. Cuando quisimos consultar con el Comité Andino de Servicios (CAS) para su reedición por la Clínica Ambiental, como proyecto de reparación socio-ambiental, para Save the Children y la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional al Desarrollo (AECID), el CAS ya no existía, ni en Ecuador ni en Colombia, por lo que solicitamos la autorización directamente a sus autores, Carlos M. Beristain y Amanda Romero. Ambos no sólo aceptaron gustosos la reedición, sino que aceptaron la revisión y actualización. A ellos nuestro agradecimiento

Adjunctive systemic administration of moxifloxacin versus Ciprofloxacin plus metronidazole in the treatment of chronic periodontitis harboring gram-negative enteric rods: I. Microbiological and clinical effects

ABSTRACT: Preliminary clinical findings indicate that periodontal lesions associated with Gram-negative enteric rods do not respond to conventional treatment modalities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and microbiological effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) combined with systemic administration of moxifloxacin (MOX) or ciprofloxacin plus metronidazole (CIPRO + MET) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Methods: seventy-six patients participated in this randomized clinical trial, and they were divided into two groups. Subjects were treated with SRP plus adjunctive MOX (MOX group; n = 38) or SRP plus adjunctive CIPRO + MET (CIPRO + MET GROUP; n = 38). Clinical and microbiological data were recorded at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after treatment. The significant changes in clinical and microbiological parameters between and within the groups were measured using the Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon’s rank test respectively. Results: after six months, both treatment groups showed a significant reduction in probing depth and bleeding on probing (P 6 mm was also observed. Gram-negative enteric rods and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were not identified in either group six months after baseline. Conclusions: this study provides evidence of the benefit of using MOX or CIPRO+MET as adjunct to SRP in patients with chronic periodontitis harboring Gram-negative enteric rods. However, MOX may be the antibiotic of choice in view of its few adverse effects and single dose treatment per day.RESUMEN: Los hallazgos clínicos preliminares indican que las lesiones periodontales asociadas a bacilos entéricos Gram negativos no responden al tratamiento convencional. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron evaluar y comparar los efectos clínicos y microbiológicos del raspaje y alisado radicular (RAR) combinado con la administración sistémica de moxifloxacina (MOX) o ciprofloxacina mas metronidazol (CIPRO + MET), en el tratamiento de sujetos con periodontitis crónica. Métodos: en este ensayo clínico participaron 76 pacientes, divididos en dos grupos. Los sujetos se trataron con RAR más MOX (Grupo MOX; n = 38) o RAR más CIPRO + MET (Grupo CIPRO + MET; n = 38). Los datos clínicos y microbiológicos se registraron a nivel base, y a los 3 y 6 meses después del tratamiento. Los cambios significativos en los parámetros clínicos y microbiológicos, intra e inter grupos, se midieron utilizando las pruebas de Mann-Whitney y Wilcoxon, respectivamente. Resultados: después de seis meses, los dos grupos de tratamiento presentaron una reducción significativa en la profundidad de sondaje y en el sangrado al sondaje, además de una ganancia en la inserción clínica (P 6 mm. No se identificaron entéricos ni Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans en ninguno de los grupos, después de la terapia. Conclusiones: este estudio proporciona evidencia del beneficio adjunto de MOX o CIPROMET al RAR, en pacientes con periodontitis crónica que presentan entéricos. Sin embargo, MOX puede ser el antibiótico de elección en vista de los pocos efectos adversos ocasionados y debido a su dosificación solo una vez al día.Beca de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública y el Grupo de Epidemiología de la Universidad de Antioqui

Prevalence and risk factors of Neospora caninum infection in ovine flocks of central-western Mexico

This study, carried out in 13 sheep flocks of central-western Mexico, aimed to identify the prevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies, to develop a risk analysis of the infection and to estimate the prevalence of parasite DNA in blood. A total of 368 serum and blood samples were subjected to ELISA and PCR tests, respectively, and the association between the prevalence of antibodies and some management factors was estimated. The overall prevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies was 13.5% [50/368; 95% confidence interval (CI) 10–17], ranging from 2.7 to 90% per flock, and 92% of the farms had seropositive animals. In ewes the prevalence was 14% (48/348, 95% CI 10–17) and in rams 10% (2/20; 95% CI 1– 33). The mean prevalence of Neospora DNA in blood was 27% (99/368, 95% CI 22–31), implying a range between 16 and 82%. In rams, the prevalence was 5% (1/20 95% CI 2–26), while in ewes it was 28% (98/348, 95% CI 23–33). The agreement between the tests was k = 0.19. The presence of other domestic animal species in the farms [odds ratio (OR) 4.4] and the consumption of placental debris, fetuses and stillborn lambs by dogs living in the farms (OR 5.8) were demonstrated to be risk factors

Diseño y desarrollo de una línea completa de grifería

El conjunto del proyecto se divide en tres grandes fases: Estudios previos, Conceptos y Desarrollo final. Tras el planteamiento del brief y la planificación de tareas en el tiempo, comenzamos con la primera fase de estudios previos. En ella, mediante el estudio de mercado, estudio de MZ del Río, diversos análisis, etc., conocemos cómo se encuentra el sector de la grifería, y obtenemos una serie de Especificaciones de Diseño de Producto, bien sean críticas de obligado cumplimiento o deseables. Tras haber obtenido unas pautas de qué diseñar, y utilizando diversas técnicas creativas, se plantean tres líneas de grifería con estéticas diferentes, además de distintas soluciones funcionales para problemas y mejoras que se quieren implementar. Al ser un proyecto que se realiza para la empresa MZ del Río, son ellos lo que han de seleccionar la línea que más les guste estéticamente y las funcionalidades que quieren que tenga esta línea. Una vez seleccionados los conceptos se desarrollarán hasta obtener un suficiente detalle de los mismos: volumetría, dimensiones, acabados, componentes, interiores, etc. Por último, y para completar el proyecto se plantea una nueva idea de packaging respecto a lo que ya tiene MZ del Río

Integration of expert system rules into standarized object description models for telecommunication network management

The work described in this paper is focused on the attainment of a product that: a) is able to manage a communication network according to ISO ant ITU-T standards (Telecommunication Management Network, TMN, model); b) automatically locates network faults based on a set of rules embedded in an integrated expert system; and c) represents the expert knowledge using procedures and tools to define object and object classes, following the internationally standardized model. The most outstanding characteristic of the product is the availability of expert functionalities integrated into the very object definition of the management system

Effects of Dynamic Suit Orthoses on the Spatio-Temporal Gait Parameters in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review

Dynamic suit orthoses (DSO) are currently used as a complementary treatment method in children with Cerebral Palsy (cwCP). The aim of this review was to assess the effects of interventions with DSO on the altered spatio-temporal gait parameters (STGPs) in cwCP. An electronic search was conducted in the Web of Science, Scopus, PEDro, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE/PubMed, and CINAHL databases up to July 2021. We included a total of 12 studies, which showed great heterogeneity in terms of design type, sample size, and intervention performed (two employed a Therasuit, three employed the Adeli suit, three employed Theratogs, one employed elastomeric tissue dynamic orthosis, one employed a full-body suit, one employed external belt orthosis, and one employed dynamic orthosis composed of trousers and T-shirt). The Cochrane collaboration’s tool and the Checklist for Measuring Study Quality were used to assess the risk of bias and the methodological quality of the studies. It was variable according to the Checklist for Measuring Study Quality, and it oscillated between eight and 23. The studies of higher methodological quality showed significant post-intervention changes in walking speed (which is the most widely evaluated parameter), cadence, stride length, and step length symmetry. Although the evidence is limited, the intervention with DSO combined with a programme of training/physical therapy seems to have positive effects on the STGPs in cwCP, with the functional improvements that it entails. Despite the immediate effect after one session, a number of sessions between 18 and 60 is recommended to obtain optimum results. Future studies should measure all STGPs, and not only the main ones, such as gait speed, in order to draw more accurate conclusions on the functional improvement of gait after the use of this type of intervention

Resistance Training in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review of Exercise Programs

[EN] The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of resistance training (RT) programs for breast cancer survivors (BCS). A systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, the Cochrane Breast Cancer Specialised Register of the Cochrane Library, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and Scopus, with the aim of identifying all published studies on RT and BCS from 1 January 1990 to 6 December 2019, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The risk of bias in the studies was assessed using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2.0). Sixteen trials were included for qualitative analysis. More than half of the trials do not adequately report the characteristics that make up the exercise program. The maximal strength was the most frequently monitored manifestation of strength, evaluated mainly as one-repetition maximum (1RM). Resistance training was performed on strength-training machines, twice a week, using a load between 50% and 80% of 1RM. The trials reported significant improvement in muscle strength, fatigue, pain, quality of life, and minor changes in aerobic capacityS

Preparation and characterization of a tumor-targeting dual-image system based on iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid and rhodamine

Cancer is one of the diseases with most deaths worldwide, around 8.2 million annually. For this reason, several treatments and diagnostic tools have been investigated and developed over the past decades. Among them, a dual-image system has been developed to achieve and enhance the detection of cancer, which has not been done with systems currently available. The present study describes the preparation of a dual-image targeting system composed of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid and rhodamine; nanoparticles synthesis was achieved by a coprecipitation method; the functionalization was carried out by a carbodiimide with folic acid and/or the rhodamine isothiocyanate; conjugates were characterized by spectrometric techniques; toxicity was measured by cell proliferation assay on HeLa cells using progressive concentrations of functionalized nanoparticles. Cellular uptake assay was carried out by competitive assay on HeLa cells. Iron oxide magnetite nanoparticles, modified with folic acid and rhodamine, were successfully synthetized with a particle size lower than 20nm (TEM), EDS, HRTEM, and XDR showed highly crystalline Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Folic acid and rhodamine were conjugated with high efficiency. A significant selectivity and uptake, facilitated by surface modification of iron oxide nanoparticles with folic acid, were demonstrated.The multifunctional system showed suitable physicochemical and biological properties for cell targeting through folate receptors.This study was supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency (CRP-F22064, Contract no. 18358) and the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, through Project no. 3543/2013CHT